ʻO nā spirometers lāʻau lapaʻau nā mea hana pono i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana hanu. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mīkini no ke ana ʻana i ka hana o ka māmā ma o ka loiloi ʻana i ka nui o ka ea e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke hanu a hoʻopuka, me ka wikiwiki e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana pēlā. He mea koʻikoʻi ka Spirometry i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka hānō, ka maʻi ʻōpū obstructive pulmonary (COPD), a me nā maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā mīkini spirometer, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i nā ʻano makahiki he nui, kēlā me kēia me nā pono a me nā pilikia. Mai nā kamaliʻi a hiki i ka poʻe ʻelemakule, he hana koʻikoʻi ka spirometry i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke olakino hanu.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, ʻimi mākou pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mīkini spirometer lapaʻau a me ko lākou koʻikoʻi no nā hui makahiki like ʻole: nā keiki, nā pākeke, a me nā ʻelemakule. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa pili makahiki, hiki i nā mea mālama ola ke hoʻohana maikaʻi i ka spirometry e nānā, ʻike, a mālama i nā maʻi hanu.

1. Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka Spirometry: Pehea e hana ai?

Ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana i nā noi pili makahiki, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o ka spirometry. E ana ka spirometer i ka nui o ka māmā, me:

· Tidal Volume (TV) : Ka nui o ka ea i hanu ʻia i loko a i waho i ka hanu maʻamau.

· Ka ikaika ikaika o ka ea (FVC) : Ka nui o ka ea i hoʻopuka ikaika ʻia ma hope o ka hanu hohonu ʻana.

· Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) : ʻO ka nui o ka ea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lua mua o ka exhale hoʻoikaika.

· Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) : ʻO ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa o ka pau ʻana i loaʻa i ka wā o ka exhalation ikaika.

Hāʻawi kēia mau ana i nā ʻike e pili ana i ke olakino o ka māmā a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻākeʻakeʻa a paʻa paha.

2. ʻO ke kuleana o ka Spirometry i ka mālama keiki

ʻO ka Spirometry i nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka poʻe me ka hānō a i ʻole cystic fibrosis, kahi mea hana diagnostic pono. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā keiki ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua spirometry kuʻuna e like me ka pololei o nā pākeke, aia nā spirometers pediatric-specific i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokō i ko lākou pono.

No nā keiki o ka Spirometry :

· Ka ʻike ʻana i ka hānō : ʻO ka hānō kekahi o nā maʻi hanu maʻamau i nā keiki. Kōkua ʻo Spirometry i ka loiloi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hānō ma ke ana ʻana i ka hana o ka māmā i nā wā like ʻole o ka maʻi. No nā keiki me ka hānō, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka spirometry e nānā i ka palena o ka ea a nānā i ka pono o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

· Ka nānā 'ana i ka ma'i ma'i 'a'ai : 'O nā keiki me ka cystic fibrosis ka 'a'a e hiki ke ālai i nā ala ea a pa'akikī ka hanu. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua spirometry maʻamau e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana o ka māmā i kēia mau maʻi a nānā i ka holomua o ka maʻi.

· Kāohi a me ka ʻike mua : Hiki i ka Spirometry ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona mua o nā pilikia hanu i nā keiki, ʻoiai ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona. No nā keiki i pilikia paha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi ʻulaʻula maʻamau, ʻae ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka hana mua.

Nā pilikia o ka Spirometry Pediatric :

· Ka launa pū ʻana a me ka ʻenehana : ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia o ka spirometry i nā keiki ka hiki ke hahai i nā kuhikuhi. Hiki i nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi ke paʻakikī i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika paʻa a pololei i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻoiai ke koi ʻia ka exhalation ikaika.

· Nā Lako Makahiki : Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā spirometers pediatric e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā keiki, me nā hōʻike ʻoniʻoni a me nā hāmeʻa e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke kaʻina hana.

ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau paʻakikī, ʻo ka spirometry kekahi o nā mea hana waiwai nui no ka loiloi ʻana i ke ola kino o nā keiki, e hiki ai i ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka hana ʻana no nā kūlana e like me ka hānō a me ka cystic fibrosis.

3. Spirometry no nā mākua: Ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana hanu

I ka poʻe mākua, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka spirometry no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi ʻeha like ʻole, e like me ka maʻi obstructive pulmonary maʻi (COPD), ka hānō, ka bronchitis, a me nā maʻi ʻāʻī interstitial. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ia e loiloi i ka hana o ka ʻāʻī ma mua a ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana maʻi i ka manawa.

Nā noi ma ka mālama makua :

· Ke ʻike ʻana i ka COPD : ʻO ka COPD ke kumu nui o ka maʻi a me ka make ma waena o nā mākua, ʻoi aku ka poʻe e puhi i ka puhi. Pono ka Spirometry no ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi hōʻailona COPD ma ke ana ʻana i ka FEV1 a me ka ratio FVC. Kōkua ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā maʻi obstructive a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi māmā, e hiki ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

· Ka mālama ʻana i ka hānō : I ka poʻe mākua me ka hānō, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka spirometry e nānā i ka hana o ka māmā, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā exacerbations. Kōkua ia e hoʻoholo i ka pono o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā bronchodilators a me nā corticosteroid inhaled.

· Ma mua o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana : ʻO nā maʻi e hana i nā ʻokiʻoki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e pili ana i ka umauma a i ʻole ka māmā, hiki ke hana i ka spirometry ma mua o ka hana e loiloi i kā lākou hana māmā. Kōkua kēia i nā anesthesiologists a me nā kauka lapaʻau e hoʻoholo i nā pilikia e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana.

· Ola Ola : Ma ke ola kino, hiki i ka spirometry ke kōkua i ka nānā ʻana i nā limahana i ʻike ʻia i nā kūlana pōʻino, e like me ka poʻe e hana ana me nā kemika a i ʻole ma nā wahi me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea, e nānā i nā hōʻailona mua o ka pōʻino o ka māmā.

Nā pilikia o ka Spirometry i nā mākua :

· Nā maʻi maʻi maʻi : Hiki ke paʻakikī ka Spirometry i nā poʻe maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi he nui e like me ka momona, ka maʻi diabetes, a i ʻole ka maʻi puʻuwai, no ka mea hiki i kēia mau mea ke paʻakikī i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena spirometry.

· Moʻolelo Puka : Ma ka poʻe me ka moʻolelo o ka puhi paka, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ka unuhi ʻana i nā hopena spirometry. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana o ka māmā e pili ana i ka puhi paka, no laila he mea nui ka nānā mau ʻana i ka hana o ka māmā.

No nā mākua, ʻo ka spirometry kahi ʻāpana maʻamau o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu maʻi, ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana mua, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka pono o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

4. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka Spirometry i ka mālama Geriatric

E like me ka makahiki o ka poʻe, emi ka elasticity o ka māmā, a emi maoli ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana hanu. ʻOi aku paha ka pilikia o ka poʻe ʻelemakule no nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi pneumonia, COPD, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka makahiki. I kēia pūʻulu makahiki, lilo ka spirometry i mea waiwai nui no ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia hanu a me ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou holomua.

Nā noi ma ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻelemakule :

· Ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoluʻolu e pili ana i ka makahiki : I ka poʻe ʻelemakule, maʻa mau nā maʻi māmā e like me COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, a me emphysema. He mea koʻikoʻi nā hoʻāʻo spirometry maʻamau no ka ʻike ʻana i nā pae mua o kēia mau maʻi a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana o ka māmā i ka manawa.

· Ka Manaʻo Preoperative for Seniors : ʻO nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule e hana ana i ka ʻokiʻoki, ʻoi aku ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka moʻolelo o nā pilikia hanu, pono paha e hana i ka spirometry. ʻAe kēia i ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka anesthesia a me ke ʻoki.

Ka nānā 'ana i nā kūlana ma'i : No ka po'e 'elemakule me nā ma'i māmā e noho nei, he mea ko'iko'i ka spirometry no ka nānā 'ana i ka pi'i 'ana o ka ma'i. Kōkua ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino, a me nā loli ola.

ʻO nā pilikia o ka Spirometry i ka ʻelemakule :

· Ka palena o ke kino : Loaʻa paha i nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule nā ​​palena kino, e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hahai ʻana i nā kuhikuhi a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ikaika i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻololi i ka pololei o nā hopena.

· Hoʻohaʻahaʻa noʻonoʻo : No ka poʻe ʻelemakule me nā hemahema o ka naʻau, paʻakikī paha ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, a pono paha nā hoʻāʻo hou e hōʻoia i ka heluhelu pololei ʻana.

ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau pilikia, ʻo ka spirometry kahi mea hana diagnostic koʻikoʻi i ka mālama geriatric. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā maʻi māmā i ka poʻe ʻelemakule hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana.

5. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Spirometry ma nā hui makahiki āpau

Inā no nā keiki, nā mākua, a me nā ʻelemakule, hāʻawi ka spirometry i nā pono he nui:

· Ka ʻike mua : Hiki i ka spirometry maʻamau ke ʻike i nā pilikia o ka hanu ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e ʻae ai i ka hana mua.

· Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻokele : Spirometry e ʻae i nā mea mālama olakino e nānā i ka hana o ka māmā i ka manawa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hanu maʻi.

· Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pilikino : ʻO ka ʻikepili mai nā hoʻokolohua spirometry e kōkua i nā kauka e hoʻoponopono i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka nohona i kēlā me kēia maʻi, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ola.

6. Ka Manaʻo Manaʻo: ʻO ke kuleana o Spirometry i ke ola hanu ma ke ola

He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mīkini spirometer lapaʻau e pāʻani ma waena o nā hui makahiki āpau. Mai ka mālama pediatric o ka hānō a me ka cystic fibrosis i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o COPD i nā pākeke a me ka nānā ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka makahiki i ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻo ka spirometry kahi mea pono loa i ka lāʻau hanu. ʻOiai nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā makahiki, ʻo ka spirometry kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi loa e nānā, ʻike, a mālama i ke olakino hanu.

I ko mākou mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o ke olakino māmā, a hiki i ka spirometry ke hōʻoia i ka loaʻa koke ʻana o nā pilikia hanu, mālama pono ʻia, a mālama pono ʻia. Inā i loko o ke keʻena pediatric, i ka wā o ka nānā maʻamau no nā pākeke, a i ʻole he ʻāpana o ka mālama geriatric, he mea koʻikoʻi ka spirometry i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke olakino māmā no nā maʻi o nā makahiki āpau.