I. Introduction to Ultrasound in Clinical Settings
Ua lilo ka ʻenehana Ultrasound i mea nui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lapaʻau hou, e hāʻawi ana i ka versatile a me ka non-invasive ala i ka diagnostic imaging.ʻO kona hoʻohana ākea ʻana ma waena o nā ʻano loea lapaʻau e hōʻike ana i kona koʻikoʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke olakino.Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi mākaʻikaʻi hohonu o nā noi like ʻole o ka ultrasound i nā hoʻonohonoho lapaʻau, e hōʻike ana i kāna kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama maʻi.
II.Nā noi kiʻi diagnostic
H. Obstetrics and Gynecology
He mea koʻikoʻi ka Ultrasound i ka obstetrics a me ka gynecology, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā loiloi prenatal, ka nānā ʻana i ka fetal, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana gynecological.Hiki i nā obstetricians ke nānā i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal, nānā i nā pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana, a nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka fetal.Ma ka gynecology, kōkua ka ultrasound i ka loiloi ʻana i ke anatomy pelvic, ka ʻike ʻana i nā cysts ovarian, a me ka ʻike o nā maʻi hānau.
B. Ka maʻi maʻi
Ma ka cardiology, ultrasound, i ʻike ʻia ʻo echocardiography, hāʻawi i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka naʻau.Hiki iā ia ke loiloi i nā keʻena naʻau, nā ʻili, a me nā ʻano kahe o ke koko, e kōkua ana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole e like me nā maʻi valvular, cardiomyopathies, a me nā hemahema naʻau congenital.Hoʻonui hou ka Doppler ultrasound i ka loiloi naʻau ma ke ana ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ke kahe koko a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ʻino.
C. Radiology
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ultrasound imaging i ka radiology no ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, e like me ke ake, gallbladder, pancreas, puʻupaʻa, a me ka spleen.Hāʻawi ia i kahi koho ʻole radiation-free i nā ʻano hana kiʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka computed tomography (CT) a me ka magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Eia kekahi, ʻo nā biopsies a me nā hana i alakaʻi ʻia e ultrasound e ʻae i nā radiologists e kiʻi i nā laʻana kikoʻī a i ʻole hana i nā kaʻina hana therapeutic ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka manawa maoli.
D. Urology
Ma ka urology, kōkua ka ultrasound i ka loiloi o ka ʻāpana mimi, me nā puʻupaʻa, nā ureters, ka ʻōpū, a me ka gland prostate.Kōkua ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi e like me nā pōhaku kīkī, nā maʻi urinary tract, a me ka hyperplasia prostatic benign.ʻO nā kaʻina hana i alakaʻi ʻia i ke kani kani e like me ka prostate biopsies a me ka nephrostomy tube placements e hāʻawi pololei i ka localization a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena maʻi.
E. ʻAi ʻai
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Ultrasound i ka gastroenterology no ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi ʻōpū.Hoʻohana ʻia ia e loiloi i ke ake no nā hōʻailona o ka cirrhosis, ka maʻi momona momona, a me ka nui o ka ate.Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kaʻina hana ultrasound-alakaʻi e like me ka paracentesis a me nā biopsies o ka ate he mau mea waiwai nui ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi me ka maʻi ate a i ʻole ascites.
F. Kiʻi Musculoskeletal
Ma ke kiʻi musculoskeletal, hāʻawi ka ultrasound i ka hiʻohiʻona ikaika o nā ʻiʻo palupalu, nā ʻiʻo, nā tendons, nā ligaments, a me nā hono.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia e ʻike i nā hōʻeha haʻuki, tendonitis, arthritis, a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu.Hāʻawi nā injections alakaʻi ultrasound i ka hāʻawi pololei ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau, e like me corticosteroids a i ʻole platelet-rich plasma, no ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana musculoskeletal.
III.Hoʻohana ʻia a me ka hoʻohana lapaʻau
A. Nā hana i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Ultrasound
Ua hoʻololi nā kaʻina hana i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ultrasound i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke alakaʻi kiʻi i ka manawa maoli i ka wā o nā hana invasive liʻiliʻi.Hoʻopili kēia mau kaʻina hana i kahi ākea o nā noi, me nā biopsies, aspirations, injections, catheter placements, a me nā kaʻina hana wai.Hoʻonui ke alakaʻi kani kani i ka pololei o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻemi i nā pilikia, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana o ka maʻi.
B. ʻO ke kani kani kani
Ma waho aʻe o ka diagnostic imaging, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ultrasound no nā kumu therapeutic i nā ʻano loea lapaʻau.Ua puka mai ke kiʻekiʻe-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ma ke ʻano he ʻano lapaʻau non-invasive no nā kūlana e like me ka fibroids uterine, ka maʻi prostate, a me ka haʻalulu nui.Hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia ʻo Ultrasound i ka ʻōlelo no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i manaʻo ʻia, ablation tissue, a me nā noi hoʻōla ʻeha.
IV.Pōmaikaʻi a me nā palena
A. Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka Ultrasound i nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻoponopono
Hāʻawi ka Ultrasound i nā pono he nui, me ka hiki ke kiʻi i ka manawa maoli, ka lawe ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai, a me ka nele o ka radiation ionizing.Hāʻawi ia i nā loiloi ʻaoʻao moe, ka ʻike wikiwiki, a me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi kiʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama maʻi a me ka pono o ka hana.Eia kekahi, ʻae maikaʻi ʻia ka ultrasound e nā poʻe maʻi a hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole, me nā keʻena pilikia, nā keʻena mālama koʻikoʻi, a me nā keʻena maʻi outpatient.
B. Nā pilikia a me nā palena
Me kona versatility, ultrasound i kekahi mau palena, e like me ka mea hoʻohana hilinaʻi, kaupalena komo i ka obese maʻi, a me ka suboptimal kiʻi maikaʻi ma kekahi anatomical wahi.Eia hou, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ultrasound no ka loiloi ʻana i nā hale i piha i ka ea a i ʻole nā mea hohonu hohonu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana kiʻi ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia e pono ai ka holomua ʻenehana, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana, a me ka launa pū ʻana o ka interdisciplinary.
V. Nā kuhikuhi e hiki mai ana a me nā ʻano e puka mai ana
A. Nā holomua ʻenehana
Ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua o ka ʻenehana ultrasound i ka hana hou i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lapaʻau, me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana i ka hoʻonā kiʻi, ka hoʻolālā transducer, a me nā mana lako polokalamu.ʻO nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka ultrasound ʻekolu-dimensional (3D) a me ʻehā-dimensional (4D) ultrasound, contrast-enhanced imaging, a me artificial intelligence (AI) paʻa i ka ʻōlelo no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pololei diagnostic a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka laulā o nā noi ultrasound.
B. Nā noi kūpono i ka noiʻi a me ka hana lapaʻau
Loaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ultrasound nā mea hoihoi no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lapaʻau, e komo pū me nā ʻenehana diagnostic novel, nā mea lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā noi point-of-care.Hoʻoikaika ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā biomarkers kiʻi hou, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau pilikino, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ultrasound me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe no ka mālama maʻi piha.Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kuleana o ka ultrasound i nā ʻōnaehana olakino honua a me nā hoʻonohonoho palena waiwai e hōʻike ana i kona waiwai ma ke ʻano he mea hana kiʻi maʻalahi a hiki ke loaʻa.
Ua lilo ʻo Ultrasound i mea hana pono ʻole i nā hoʻonohonoho lāʻau lapaʻau, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea o ka diagnostic, interventional, a me nā noi therapeutic ma waena o nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO kāna versatility, ʻike palekana, a me nā hiki ke kiʻi kiʻi i ka manawa maoli e lilo ia i waiwai waiwai no nā ʻoihana mālama ola honua.Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana a me ka holomua o ka noiʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole kānalua ka hana ʻana o ka ultrasound i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena maʻi.
