ʻO nā paipu hōʻiliʻili koko he mau mea pono i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili, mālama ʻana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā laʻana koko no ka hoʻāʻo diagnostic.ʻO ke koho kūpono a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau paipu he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena hōʻike pololei a hilinaʻi hoʻi, kahi mea nui i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻokele.
II.Nā ʻano maʻamau o nā paipu ʻohi koko
A. Nā Paipu Hoʻokaʻawale Serum (SST)
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā paipu hoʻokaʻawale serum, i kapa ʻia ʻo SSTs, e maʻalahi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka serum mai ke koko holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ka centrifugation.Aia kēia mau paipu i kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale gel, maʻamau i hana ʻia me nā mea inert e like me ke silicone a i ʻole silica, i hoʻonoho ʻia ma waena o ka clot activator a me ka serum.I ka wā centrifugation, hana ka gel i mea pale ma waena o ka serum a me ka clot, e ʻae ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻemaʻe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā SST no nā hoʻāʻo kemika lapaʻau like ʻole, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hana o ka ate, nā lipid profiles, hormone assays, a me nā hōʻailona maʻi maʻi.
B. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) Tubes
Aia nā paipu EDTA i ka waika anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā ion calcium i loko o ke koko a pale i ka coagulation ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana o nā mea coagulation.Hoʻohana mua ʻia kēia mau paipu no ka hoʻāʻo hematological, e like me ka helu koko piha (CBCs), ka nānā ʻana i ka hemoglobin, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka morphology cell cell.Mālama ʻo EDTA i nā ʻāpana cellular o ke koko, kūpono ia no nā hoʻāʻo e koi ana i nā ʻāpana koko paʻa, e like me nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ke koko keʻokeʻo a me nā helu ʻulaʻula.
C. Na Paipu Paona Citrate
Loaʻa i nā paipu sodium citrate ka sodium citrate, he anticoagulant e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā ion calcium a pale i ka coagulation koko ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka cascade clotting.Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia mau paipu no ka hoʻāʻo coagulation, me ka prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), a me ka coagulation factor assays.Mālama ʻo Sodium citrate i ke koko i loko o kahi ʻano wai, e ʻae ana i ke ana pololei ʻana i nā manawa clotting a me ka loiloi o ka hana coagulation.
D. Heparin Tubes
Loaʻa i nā paipu Heparin ka heparin anticoagulant, e hana ana ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o ka antithrombin III, kahi mea pale kūlohelohe o ka thrombin a me nā mea clotting ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau paipu no nā hoʻokolohua kemika kūikawā, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ammonia plasma, kekahi mau toxicology assays, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.Kāohi ʻo Heparin i ka coagulation cascade ma ka pale ʻana i ka thrombin a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o fibrin, i mea kūpono no nā hoʻokolohua e koi ana i nā laʻana plasma me ka ʻole o nā kumu clotting.
E. ʻO nā Tubes Fluoride Oxalate
Loaʻa i nā paipu Fluoride oxalate ka sodium fluoride a me ka potassium oxalate, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he antiglycolytic agents e kāohi ai i ka glycolysis i nā laʻana koko.Hoʻohana mua ʻia kēia mau paipu no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose, no ka mea hiki i ka glycolysis ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o nā pae glucose i ka manawa.ʻO ka sodium fluoride ka mea e pale ai i ka haki ʻana o ka glucose, aʻo ka potassium oxalate ka mea mālama.Pono nā paipu Fluoride oxalate no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose tolerance, ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mana glycemic i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.
F. ʻO Glycolytic Inhibitor Tubes
Loaʻa i nā paipu hoʻopaʻapaʻa Glycolytic nā mea hoʻohui e kāohi i ka glycolysis, ke ala metabolic kuleana no ka haki ʻana o ka glucose.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau paipu e pale i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa enzymatic o ka glucose i loko o nā laʻana koko, e hōʻoia ana i nā ana glucose pololei a hilinaʻi i ka wā.Pono nā paipu hoʻopaʻapaʻa Glycolytic no nā hoʻokolohua e koi ai i nā pae glucose kūpaʻa, e like me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose tolerance, nā loiloi kūʻē i ka insulin, a me nā protocol hoʻokele diabetic.ʻO nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau e pili ana i ka sodium fluoride, potassium oxalate, a me ka sodium iodoacetate, ka mea e pale ai i nā enzyme glycolytic a mālama i ka glucose i loko o nā laʻana koko.
III.Nā ʻokoʻa o ka Tube Composition a me Additives
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka paipu hōʻiliʻili koko nā mea hoʻohui kikoʻī i hoʻolālā ʻia e mālama i nā ʻāpana koko a pale i nā hopena biochemical makemake ʻole.Pono ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa no ke koho ʻana i ka paipu kūpono loa no kēlā me kēia noi lapaʻau.
IV.Nā noi a me nā hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau
A. Nā Paipu Hoʻokaʻawale Serum (SST)
Loaʻa i nā paipu SST kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale gel e hoʻokaʻawale i ka serum mai ke koko holoʻokoʻa ma ka centrifugation.Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia lākou no nā hoʻokolohua kemika, e komo pū me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hana o ka ate, nā profile lipid, a me nā ana electrolyte.
B. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) Tubes
Loaʻa i nā paipu EDTA ka EDTA, kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻopaʻa i nā ion calcium a pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke koko ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā mea coagulation.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā hoʻokolohua hematology, e like me ka helu koko piha (CBC) a me ka nānā ʻana i ka morphology cell cell.
C. Na Paipu Paona Citrate
Loaʻa i nā paipu sodium citrate ka sodium citrate, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he anticoagulant ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ion calcium a pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke koko.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā hoʻāʻo coagulation, me ka prothrombin time (PT) a me ka manawa thromboplastin partial activated (aPTT).
D. Heparin Tubes
Loaʻa i nā paipu Heparin ka heparin, kahi anticoagulant ikaika e pale ai i ka thrombin a me ka Xa i loko o ka coagulation cascade.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā hoʻokolohua kemika kūikawā, e like me ka ammonia plasma a me kekahi mau ʻano toxicology assays.
E. ʻO nā Tubes Fluoride Oxalate
Loaʻa i nā paipu Fluoride oxalate ka sodium fluoride a me ka potassium oxalate, ka mea e keʻakeʻa ai i ka glycolysis a mālama i nā pae glucose i nā laʻana koko.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose, ʻoi aku ka maʻi diabetes.
F. ʻO Glycolytic Inhibitor Tubes
Loaʻa i nā paipu hoʻopaʻapaʻa Glycolytic nā mea hoʻohui e kāohi ana i ka glycolysis, e pale ana i ka haki ʻana o ka glucose i loko o ke koko.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā hoʻāʻo e koi ana i ke ana pololei ʻana o nā pae glucose i ka wā lōʻihi, e like me nā hoʻokolohua glucose tolerance.
V. Noonoo no ka ohi a me ka lawelawe ana i ke koko
Pono nā ʻenehana kūpono no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ke koko, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o nā laʻana koko a me ka pololei o nā hopena hōʻike.Hiki i nā ʻano hoʻololi pre-analytical, e like me ka laʻana contamination a me ka hemolysis, hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i nā hopena hoʻāʻo a pono e hōʻemi ʻia ma o ka mālama ʻana i nā protocols i hoʻokumu ʻia.
VI.Nā ʻano a me nā mea e hiki mai ana
Ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua o ka ʻenehana hōʻiliʻili koko i ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hoʻāʻo diagnostic.ʻO nā ʻenehana hou, e like me nā microfluidic device a me nā kahua hoʻāʻo point-of-care, hāʻawi i nā manawa hou no ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka laʻana koko, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama maʻi a me ke kahe hana lapaʻau.
I ka hopena, he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nā paipu hōʻiliʻili koko i ka mālama olakino hou ma o ka ʻae ʻana i ka loiloi pololei a hilinaʻi o nā laʻana koko no nā kumu diagnostic.ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano paipu like ʻole, kā lākou haku mele ʻana, a me nā noi lapaʻau he mea nui ia no ka poʻe ʻoihana mālama olakino e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili specimen, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke keʻena hana, a me ka mālama maʻi.Ma ka hahai ʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ke koko a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka holomua o ka ʻenehana paipu, hiki i nā mea mālama ola ke hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe diagnostic kiʻekiʻe a me nā hopena maʻi maikaʻi loa.
