Taw qhia
ENT, ib qho luv luv uas yuav hnov zoo rau ntau tus, sawv cev rau pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, thiab caj pas. Nws yog ib qho kev kho mob tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob, thiab kev tswj xyuas cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog peb cheeb tsam anatomical tseem ceeb. Kab lus no yog tsim los muab kev nkag siab zoo ntawm ENT, suav nrog nws cov peev txheej, cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam, txoj kev kuaj mob, thiab kev xaiv kho mob.
Scope ntawm ENT
Pob ntseg
Lub pob ntseg yog ib lub cev muaj zog ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev hnov lus thiab sib npaug. Cov kws kho mob ENT tuav ntau yam ntawm pob ntseg - ntsig txog teeb meem.
1. Tsis hnov lus
1. Kev hnov lus tsis zoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj teeb meem ntawm pob ntseg sab nrauv lossis nruab nrab, xws li pob ntseg pob ntseg, kab mob hauv nruab nrab pob ntseg (otitis media), lossis pob ntseg perforated.
2. Kev hnov lus tsis hnov lus (Sensorineural) feem ntau muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj rau pob ntseg sab hauv lossis lub paj hlwb. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev laus (presbycusis), raug lub suab nrov, qee yam tshuaj, los yog caj ces yam.
2. Mob pob ntseg
1. Otitis externa, tseem hu ua swimmer's pob ntseg, yog ib qho kab mob ntawm lub pob ntseg sab nrauv, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob los yog fungi. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob, khaus, thiab tawm.
2. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, otitis media yog kab mob ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab, uas muaj ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov lus ib ntus thiab mob pob ntseg.
3. Kev Tsis Txaus Siab
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) yog ib qho mob uas muaj cov calcium me me hauv pob ntseg hauv lub pob ntseg dislodged, ua rau tam sim ntawd, luv luv ntawm kiv taub hau.
2. Ménière tus kab mob yog ib qho mob ntev uas cuam tshuam rau pob ntseg sab hauv, ua rau vertigo, tsis hnov lus, tinnitus (ntiv nplhaib hauv pob ntseg), thiab hnov qhov puv hauv pob ntseg.
Nos
Lub qhov ntswg tsis yog tsuas yog koom nrog kev hnov tsw tsw, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua pa thiab lim cua uas peb nqus tau.
1. Nasal Congestion
1. Allergic rhinitis, feem ntau hu ua hay fever, yog ib qho kev tsis haum rau cov khoom siv hauv huab cua xws li paj ntoos, plua plav mites, lossis tsiaj dander. Nws ua rau txham, los ntswg, qhov ntswg congestion, thiab khaus qhov muag.
2. Cov kab mob uas tsis yog-allergic rhinitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam xws li khaus khaus (xws li, haus luam yeeb, tsw ntxhiab), hormonal hloov, lossis qee yam tshuaj.
2. Nasal Polyps
1. Cov no yog cov mos mos, tsis mob loj hlob nyob rau hauv ob sab phlu ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg los yog sinuses. Lawv tuaj yeem thaiv qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, ua rau ua pa nyuaj, tsis hnov tsw, thiab ua kua ntswg.
3. Sinusitis
1. Mob sinusitis feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob los yog kab mob kab mob tom qab tus mob khaub thuas. Nws ua rau mob thiab siab nyob rau hauv lub sinuses, qhov ntswg congestion, thiab ib tug tuab, discolored qhov ntswg tawm.
2. Cov kab mob sinusitis ntev ntev tshaj li 12 lub lis piam thiab tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kab mob rov qab, qhov ntswg polyps, lossis qhov txawv txav ntawm lub cev.
caj pas
Lub caj pas yog koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm xws li ua pa, nqos, thiab hais lus.
1. Tonsillitis
1. Nws yog ib qho mob ntawm cov tonsils, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob los yog kab mob. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li mob caj pas, nqos nyuaj, ua npaws, thiab o tonsils.
2. Laryngitis
1. Kev mob ntawm lub ntsws (lub thawv suab) tuaj yeem ua rau hoarseness, lub suab tsis muaj zog, lossis lub suab tag. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv ntau dhau ntawm lub suab, kab mob, lossis acid reflux.
3. Pw tsaug zog Apnea
1. Obstructive pw tsaug zog apnea tshwm sim thaum cov nqaij ntshiv hauv qab caj pas so ntau dhau thaum pw tsaug zog, thaiv txoj hlab pa. Nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ua pa, snoring, thiab pw tsaug zog nruab hnub.
Diagnostic Methods hauv ENT
Kev kuaj lub cev
Cov kws kho mob ENT siv ntau yam cuab yeej rau kev kuaj lub cev.
1. Otoscope
1. Qhov no yog siv los tshuaj xyuas lub pob ntseg thiab pob ntseg. Nws pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws, nws nws yuav tsum tau txiav cov txiav.
2. Rhinoscope
1. Ib lub rhinoscope, tsis nruj los yog hloov tau, yog siv los ua kom pom sab hauv ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab qhov ntswg. Nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov ntswg polyps, deviated septum, lossis cov cim qhia ntawm sinusitis.
3. Laryngoscope
1. Laryngoscopes yog siv los saib lub suab paj nruag thiab cov kab lus. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob xws li laryngitis lossis qog caj pas.
Kev kuaj mob
1. Audiometry
1. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no ntsuas tus neeg lub peev xwm hnov lus. Nws pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas hom thiab qib tsis hnov lus.
2. Tympanometry
1. Nws ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm pob ntseg nruab nrab los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov txav ntawm lub pob ntseg hauv kev teb rau cov kev hloov hauv huab cua.
3. Nasal Endoscopy
1. Cov txheej txheem no muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm qhov ntswg thiab qhov ntswg. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub so ntswg tsis txaus ntseeg lossis tshem tawm qhov ntswg polyps.
Kev xaiv kho mob hauv ENT
Kev Kho Mob
1. Tshuaj
1. Rau pob ntseg kab mob, tej zaum yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov kab mob. Antihistamines thiab qhov ntswg corticosteroids feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsis haum rhinitis thiab sinusitis.
2. Cov pob ntseg pob ntseg tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob sab nraud - pob ntseg, thaum cov tshuaj kom txo kiv taub hau yog siv rau kev sib npaug.
2. Immunotherapy
1. Rau qhov mob rhinitis loj heev, kev ua xua - kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb (kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv kho mob ntev.
Kev kho mob phais
1. Kev phais pob ntseg
1. Tympanoplasty yog ua los kho lub pob ntseg perforated. Cochlear implants yog siv los kho mob tsis hnov lus tsis zoo.
2. Stapedectomy yog ib txoj kev phais rau qee yam kev hnov lus tsis zoo.
2. Nose Surgery
1. Septoplasty yog ua los kho lub septum deviated. Endoscopic sinus phais yog siv los kho mob sinusitis thiab tshem tawm qhov ntswg polyps.
3. Kev phais caj pas
1. Tonsillectomy yog kev phais tshem tawm cov tonsils, feem ntau yog rau cov tonsillitis rov tshwm sim. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) yog ib qho kev kho mob rau obstructive pw tsaug zog apnea.
Xaus
ENT yog ib hom kev kho mob uas muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm peb lub neej niaj hnub, los ntawm kev hnov lus thiab hais lus rau ua pa thiab hnov tsw. Kev nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej, kev kuaj mob, thiab kev xaiv kho mob hauv thaj chaw ENT tuaj yeem pab tib neeg tswj hwm lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua thiab nrhiav kev kho mob tsim nyog thaum xav tau. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim ntawm kev ua xua raws caij nyoog lossis cov mob nyuaj xws li mob sinusitis lossis hnov lus tsis zoo, ENT kws kho mob tau nruab nrog cov kev paub thiab cov cuab yeej los muab kev kuaj mob thiab kho kom raug.
