Ọkpụkpụ na-anakọta ọbara bụ ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ, na-eme ka nchịkọta, nchekwa, na nhazi nke nlele ọbara maka nyocha nyocha. Nhọrọ nke ọma na iji tubes ndị a dị oke mkpa maka inweta nsonaazụ ule ziri ezi na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, nke na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na nyocha na njikwa ndị ọrịa.
II. Ụdị tubes mkpokọta ọbara ndị a na-ahụkarị
A. Ọbara Separator Tubes (SST)
Ezubere tubes separator tubes, nke a na-akpọkarị SST, iji mee ka ikewapụ serum na ọbara dum ka emechara centrifugation. Ọkpụkpọ ndị a nwere ihe nkesa gel, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka silicone ma ọ bụ silica, nke edobere n'etiti ihe na-eme ka clot activator na serum. N'oge centrifugation, gel na-emepụta ihe mgbochi n'etiti serum na clot, na-enye ohere maka nkewa dị ọcha. A na-eji SST eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe maka nyocha kemịkalụ dị iche iche, gụnyere nyocha ọrụ imeju, profaịlụ lipid, nyocha homonụ, na akara ọrịa na-efe efe.
B. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) tubes
EDTA tubes nwere anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nke na-ejikọta calcium ion n'ime ọbara ma na-egbochi coagulation site na igbochi ọrụ nke coagulation ihe. A na-eji tubes ndị a nke ọma maka nyocha ọbara, dị ka ọnụọgụ ọbara zuru oke (CBCs), nyocha hemoglobin, na nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. EDTA na-echekwa akụkụ cellular nke ọbara, na-eme ka ọ dabara maka ule ndị chọrọ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara na-emebibeghị, dị ka ọdịiche mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha na indices cell cell ọbara uhie.
C. Sodium Citrate Tubes
Sodium citrate tubes nwere sodium citrate, ọgwụ mgbochi ọbara nke na-ejikọta ion calcium ma na-egbochi mkpụkọ ọbara site na igbochi mkpuchi mkpuchi. A na-ejikarị tubes ndị a eme nyocha coagulation, gụnyere oge prothrombin (PT), oge thromboplastin na-arụ ọrụ (aPTT), na nyocha ihe na-akpata coagulation. Sodium citrate na-edobe ọbara n'ọnọdụ mmiri mmiri, na-enye ohere maka nha nke ọma nke oge clotting na nyocha nke ọrụ coagulation.
D. Heparin Tubes
Ọkpụkpụ Heparin nwere heparin anticoagulant, nke na-arụ ọrụ site na ịkwalite ọrụ antithrombin III, ihe na-egbochi thrombin na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi mkpụkọ. A na-eji tubes ndị a maka ule kemistri pụrụ iche, dị ka ọkwa amonia plasma, ụfọdụ nyocha toxicology, na nlekota ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ. Heparin na-egbochi coagulation cascade site na nkwụsị nke thrombin na igbochi mmepụta fibrin, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ule ndị chọrọ nlele plasma na-enweghị ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara imechi.
E. Fluoride Oxalate Tubes
Fluoride oxalate tubes nwere sodium fluoride na potassium oxalate, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka antiglycolytic agents na-egbochi glycolysis n'ime ọbara samples. A na-eji tubes ndị a eme ihe maka nyocha glucose, n'ihi na glycolysis nwere ike ibute mbelata ọkwa glucose ka oge na-aga. Sodium fluoride na-egbochi ndakpọ enzymatic nke glucose, ebe potassium oxalate na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nchekwa. Fluoride oxalate tubes dị mkpa maka nnwale nnabata glucose, nyocha ọrịa shuga, na nyochaa njikwa glycemic na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.
F. Glycolytic Inhibitor tubes
Glycolytic inhibitor tubes nwere ihe mgbakwunye na-egbochi glycolysis, ụzọ metabolic na-akpata ndakpọ glucose. A na-eji tubes ndị a iji gbochie mmebi nke enzymatic nke glucose n'ime ihe nlele ọbara, na-ahụ maka nha glucose ziri ezi na ntụkwasị obi ka oge na-aga. Glycolytic inhibitor tubes dị mkpa maka ule ndị chọrọ ọkwa glucose kwụsiri ike, dị ka nnwale nnabata glucose, nyocha nguzogide insulin, na usoro njikwa ọrịa shuga. Ihe mgbakwunye a na-ejikarị gụnyere sodium fluoride, potassium oxalate, na sodium iodoacetate, nke na-egbochi enzymes glycolytic ma na-echekwa mkpokọta glucose n'ime nlele ọbara.
III. Ọdịiche dị na ihe mejupụtara Tube na ihe mgbakwunye
Ụdị tube nchịkọta ọbara nke ọ bụla nwere ihe mgbakwunye a kapịrị ọnụ emebere iji chekwaa ihe mejupụtara ọbara yana gbochie mmeghachi omume biochemical na-achọghị. Ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a dị mkpa maka ịhọrọ tube kacha mma maka ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ ọ bụla.
IV. Ngwa na ojiji ụlọ ọgwụ
A. Ọbara Separator Tubes (SST)
SST tubes nwere ihe nkesa jel nke na-ekewa serum na ọbara dum n'elu centrifugation. A na-ejikarị ha eme ule kemistri, gụnyere nyocha ọrụ imeju, profaịlụ lipid, na nha electrolyte.
B. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) tubes
Ọkpụkpọ EDTA nwere EDTA, onye na-ahụ maka chelating nke na-ejikọta ion calcium ma na-egbochi mkpụkọ ọbara site na igbochi ihe ndị na-akpata coagulation. A na-eji ha maka nyocha ọbara ọbara, dị ka ọnụọgụ ọbara zuru oke (CBC) na nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara.
C. Sodium Citrate Tubes
Sodium citrate tubes nwere sodium citrate, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi ọbara site na ijikọ ion calcium na igbochi mkpụkọ ọbara. A na-eji ha maka ule coagulation, gụnyere oge prothrombin (PT) na oge thromboplastin na-arụ ọrụ (aPTT).
D. Heparin Tubes
Ọkpụkpụ Heparin nwere heparin, ọgwụ mgbochi nwere ike na-egbochi thrombin na Factor Xa na coagulation cascade. A na-eji ha eme nnwale kemịkalụ pụrụ iche, dị ka plasma amonia na ụfọdụ nyocha toxicology.
E. Fluoride Oxalate Tubes
Fluoride oxalate tubes nwere sodium fluoride na potassium oxalate, nke na-egbochi glycolysis ma chekwaa ọkwa glucose n'ime nlele ọbara. A na-eji ha maka nnwale glucose, ọkachasị na njikwa ọrịa shuga.
F. Glycolytic Inhibitor tubes
Glycolytic inhibitor tubes nwere ihe mgbakwunye na-egbochi glycolysis, na-egbochi ndakpọ nke glucose n'omume ọbara. A na-eji ha eme ihe maka ule chọrọ nyocha nke ọma nke ọkwa glucose ka oge na-aga, dị ka nnwale nnabata glucose.
V. Atụmatụ maka mkpokọta na njikwa ọbara
Usoro kwesịrị ekwesị maka nchịkọta ọbara, njikwa, na nchekwa dị mkpa iji hụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke nlele ọbara na izi ezi nke nsonaazụ ule. Mgbanwe ndị a na-eme tupu nyocha, dị ka mmetọ sample na hemolysis, nwere ike imetụta nsonaazụ ule nke ukwuu na a ga-ebelatarịrị site na nrube isi n'ụkpụrụ ndị e guzobere.
VI. Usoro na mmepe n'ọdịnihu
Ọganihu na teknụzụ tube mkpokọta ọbara na-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ na ntụkwasị obi nke nyocha nyocha. Teknụzụ na-apụta, dị ka ngwaọrụ microfluidic na nyiwe nyocha ebe nlekọta, na-enye ohere ọhụrụ maka nyocha nlele ọbara ngwa ngwa na nke enweghị isi, na-eme ka nlekọta ndị ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ.
N'ikpeazụ, tubes na-anakọta ọbara na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na nlekọta ahụike ọgbara ọhụrụ site n'ịkwalite nyocha ziri ezi na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ihe nlele ọbara maka ebumnuche nchọpụta. Ịghọta ụdị tubes dị iche iche, ihe mejupụtara ha, na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa maka ndị ọkachamara ahụike na-etinye aka na nchịkọta ihe atụ, nyocha ụlọ nyocha, na nlekọta ndị ọrịa. Site n'ịgbaso usoro kachasị mma maka nchịkọta na njikwa ọbara na ịmara banyere ọganihu na nkà na ụzụ tube, ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike nwere ike hụ na nnyefe nke ọrụ nyocha dị elu na nsonaazụ onye ọrịa kachasị mma.
