Kodi mwakonzekera kuchitidwa opaleshoni yaying'ono kapena yayikulu? Mudzakhala okondwa kudziwa kuti opaleshoni masiku ano ndiyotetezeka kwambiri. Izi zati, pali zinthu zina zomwe simungadziwe za anesthesia zomwe zingachepetse mantha komanso kusintha zotsatira zanu.
Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti muchitidwa opaleshoni ndi anesthesia, ganizirani njira ina. Mukadakhala mukuchita opareshoni yomweyi zaka 200 zapitazo, njira yokhayo yothetsera ululuyo ikanakhala kutsitsa kachasu ndikukuta mano.
Tsopano, tsiku lililonse odwala pafupifupi 60,000 amachitidwa opaleshoni yamitundu yonse ndi njira zina zachipatala mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa ochepetsa ululu, malinga ndi National Institutes of Health. N’zosakayikitsa kuti mankhwala ochititsa munthu kupwetekedwa mtima—kaya atayidwa ngati mpweya kapena jekeseni m’mwazi mwanu ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri, dokotala wa mano, kapena namwino wogonetsa—athandiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimabweretsa moyo wautali komanso wathanzi. Izi zati, pali zinthu zina za anesthesia zomwe zingakudabwitseni.
1. Anthu Osuta Angafunike Opaleshoni Yambiri Kuposa Osasuta
Akatswiri ogonetsa tulo aona kale kuti osuta nthawi zambiri amafunikira opaleshoni yowonjezera. Ndipo tsopano akatswiri akuyamba kutsimikizira izi: Kafukufuku woyambirira woperekedwa pamsonkhano wa 2015 European Society of Anaesthesiology ku Berlin anapeza kuti amayi omwe amasuta amafunikira 33 peresenti yowonjezera opaleshoni panthawi ya opaleshoni kusiyana ndi osasuta aakazi ndipo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi utsi wa fodya amafunikira 20 peresenti yowonjezera. Kupeza kwina? Magulu onse osuta amafunikira mankhwala ochepetsa ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo.
Osuta fodya akwiyitsa ma airways, akufotokoza motero John Reynolds, MD, pulofesa wothandizana nawo wa mankhwala opha munthu ku Wake Forest School of Medicine ku Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Zotsatira zake, angafunike kumwa mankhwala opweteka kwambiri kuti apititse patsogolo kulolerana kwawo ndi machubu opumira, akutero.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anthu omwe amasuta kapena kumeza chamba (chamba) tsiku lililonse kapena sabata iliyonse angafunikire kuwirikiza kawiri mlingo wanthawi zonse wamankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwanthawi zonse, monga ma endoscopies, kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mu Meyi 2019 mu Journal of the American Osteopathic Association adapeza.
Ngati mukudziwa pasadakhale kuti mudzachitidwa opaleshoni, kusiya kusuta ngakhale patangopita masiku ochepa kungathandize kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo komanso kukuthandizani kuchira, malinga ndi ndemanga yofalitsidwa m'magazini ya Anesthesiology.
2. Opaleshoni Simakugoneka Nthawi Zonse
Malinga ndi Cleveland Clinic:
Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi am'deralo amangochititsa dzanzi kachigawo kakang'ono ka thupi kuti apewe kupweteka panthawi ya ndondomeko monga kuzula dzino, kusoka zodula kwambiri, kapena kuchotsa mole.
Opaleshoni ya m'dera imachepetsa ululu ndi kuyenda m'dera lalikulu la thupi, koma imakusiyani ozindikira komanso okhoza kuyankhula ndi kuyankha mafunso. Chitsanzo chimodzi choperekedwa ndi epidural pobereka.
General anesthesia imakhudza thupi lonse, kukupangitsani kukomoka ndikulephera kusuntha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zazikulu komanso zowononga nthawi. M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa chinthu chotchedwa 'kugona kwamadzulo,' mtundu wochepa wa anesthesia umene umakupangitsani kugona, kumasuka, komanso osatheka kusuntha kapena kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika.
3. N'zotheka Kudzuka Panthawi Yopanga Opaleshoni
Koma ndizosowa kwambiri, zimachitika m'njira imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha mwa njira 1,000 zilizonse zophatikizira opaleshoni, malinga ndi American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Matendawa, otchedwa 'anesthesia awareness,' amapezeka pamene wodwala azindikira malo omwe ali pafupi ndi zochitika zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya opaleshoni. Kugalamuka koteroko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwachidule ndipo odwala nthawi zambiri samamva kupweteka. Chidziwitso cha anesthesia chikhoza kukhala chofala kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu omwe ali ndi matenda angapo, kapena omwe akuchiritsidwa mwadzidzidzi, momwe mlingo wachizolowezi wa anesthesia sungaperekedwe bwinobwino.
4. Kukhala Wolemera Kukhoza Kuonjezera Chiwopsezo Chanu cha Mavuto
Ndizovuta kwa akatswiri ogonetsa kuti apereke mlingo wabwino kwambiri wa mankhwala ndikupereka mankhwalawo m'mitsempha kwa odwala omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, malinga ndi ASA. Kuwonjezera apo, kunenepa kwambiri kumachititsa kuti munthu azivutika kupuma movutikira, zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma pafupipafupi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuonetsetsa kuti mumapeza mpweya wokwanira komanso kutuluka kwa mpweya, makamaka panthawi ya anesthesia, kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Kuonda musanachite opaleshoni kungachepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta.
5. Madokotala Akupeza Njira Zosiyanasiyana Zomwe Anesthesia Angagwire Ntchito
Kalelo pamene mankhwala oletsa ululu anali atangoyamba kumene kuchitidwa opaleshoni yachizoloŵezi, madokotala amene ankapereka mankhwalawo sankadziwa zambiri za mmene ankagwirira ntchito, malinga ndi kunena kwa National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). Masiku ano, akukhulupirira kuti mankhwala oletsa ululu amasokoneza ma sign a minyewa poyang'ana mamolekyulu a protein mkati mwa nembanemba ya minyewa. Pamene asayansi akupitiriza kuphunzira zambiri za anesthesia, mankhwalawa adzakhala othandiza kwambiri, inatero NIGMS.
6. Redheads Simafunika Anesthesia Kuposa Wina Aliyense
Izi ndi 'nthano yofala m'matauni m'dera lamankhwala ogonetsa,' akutero a Timothy Harwood, MD, wamkulu wa gawo la opaleshoni yachipatala ku Wake Forest Baptist Health. Chimene chinayambitsa maganizo amenewa n’chakuti anthu amene ali ndi tsitsi lofiira amakhala ndi jini yotchedwa melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), imene ankaganiza kuti imachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa munthu ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu, anatero Dr. Harwood. Koma lingaliro limenelo silinapitirire kuunikanso mowonjezereka: Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m’magazini yotchedwa Anesthesia and Intensive Care sanapeze kusiyana pa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oletsa ululu amene amafunikira, kufulumira kwa kuchira, kapena kuchuluka kwa ululu wa pambuyo pa opaleshoni pakati pa odwala tsitsi lofiira kapena tsitsi lakuda.
7. Mungafune Kuyesa Aromatherapy Mukadzuka
Zonunkhira zina zawonetsedwa kuti zimathandizira kuthetsa mseru ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa anesthesia. Kafukufuku wina, wofalitsidwa mu February 2019 mu nyuzipepala ya Complementary Therapies in Medicine, adapeza kuti kulowetsa mafuta a ginger kapena lavender kwa mphindi zisanu kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikirozo kuposa placebo. Mofananamo, kufufuza koyambirira kofalitsidwa m’nyuzipepala yotchedwa Anesthesia & Analgesia inatsimikizira kuti odwala amene anapuma mozama katatu akuphimba mphuno zawo ndi chotchinga chopyapyala chodzaza ndi mafuta ofunikira a ginger, spearmint, peppermint, ndi cardamom ofunikira, amamva chisoni chochepa pambuyo pa ndondomeko yawo ndipo anapempha mankhwala ochepa kuti athetse nseru.
8. Opaleshoni Ikhoza Kukhudza Kukumbukira Kwanu
General anesthesia ingayambitse kukumbukira kukumbukira komwe kumatha kwa masiku, ngakhale miyezi, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine wofalitsidwa mu November 2014 mu Journal of Clinical Investigation. Monga ochita kafukufuku akufotokozera, pafupifupi 37 peresenti ya achinyamata akuluakulu, ndi 41 peresenti ya odwala okalamba, amafotokoza kuti ali ndi vuto la kukumbukira pambuyo pa opaleshoni atatuluka m'chipatala. Zina mwa kukumbukira izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zina osati opaleshoni, monga kutupa kapena kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha opaleshoni. Koma zina zimakhala chifukwa cha zotsatira za anesthesia za zolandilira kukumbukira-kutayika mu ubongo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Mayo Clinic, wofalitsidwa mu Ogasiti 2018 wa British Journal of Anesthesia, adawonetsa kuti kuwonekera kwa anesthesia kungayambitse kuchepa kwa ntchito yaubongo kuti awonetsere zovuta zokumbukira zomwe zidalipo kale mwa odwala azaka zopitilira 70.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri: Kaya muli ndi zaka zotani, lembani malangizo a dokotala mutalandira opaleshoni, kapena bweretsani mnzanu wapamtima kapena wachibale wanu yemwe angatsimikizire kuti zomwe mwamva ndi zowona.
