Mawu Oyamba
ENT, chidule chake chomwe chingamveke chosadziwika bwino kwa ambiri, chimayimira Khutu, Mphuno, ndi Pakhosi. Ndi ntchito yapadera yachipatala yomwe imayang'anira kuwunika, chithandizo, ndi kasamalidwe ka zovuta zokhudzana ndi zigawo zitatu zofunika za thupi. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha ENT, kuphatikizapo kukula kwake, mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino, njira zowunikira, ndi njira zothandizira.
Gawo la ENT
Khutu
Khutu ndi chiwalo chovuta kumva chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino. Akatswiri a ENT amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri zokhudzana ndi khutu.
1. Kutaya Kumva
1. Kutaya kumva kochititsa chidwi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zovuta zakunja kapena pakati pa khutu, monga kutsekeka kwa khutu, matenda apakati - khutu (otitis media), kapena makutu a perforated.
2. Kutayika kwakumva kwa sensorineural nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa khutu lamkati kapena mitsempha yomveka. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha ukalamba (presbycusis), kumva phokoso lamphamvu, mankhwala enaake, kapena chibadwa.
2. Matenda a Khutu
1. Otitis externa, yomwe imatchedwanso khutu la osambira, ndi matenda a kunja kwa khutu, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya kapena bowa. Zitha kuyambitsa kupweteka, kuyabwa, ndi kutulutsa.
2. Monga tanenera kale, otitis media ndi matenda a khutu lapakati, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana. Zitha kubweretsa kumva kwanthawi yayitali komanso kupweteka kwa khutu.
3. Kusokonezeka kwa Balance
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) ndizochitika zofala pamene tinthu tating'ono ta calcium mu khutu lamkati timatuluka, zomwe zimayambitsa mwadzidzidzi, zochitika zazifupi za chizungulire.
2. Matenda a Ménière ndi matenda aakulu omwe amakhudza khutu lamkati, lomwe limayambitsa vertigo, kumva kutayika, tinnitus (kulira m'makutu), ndi kumverera kwa kudzaza m'makutu.
Mphuno
Mphuno sikuti imangokhala ndi kununkhiza kokha, komanso imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupuma ndi kusefa mpweya womwe timapuma.
1. Kusokonekera kwa Mphuno
1. Matenda a rhinitis, omwe amadziwika kuti hay fever, amayamba chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi zinthu zopita mumlengalenga monga mungu, fumbi, kapena pet dander. Amayambitsa kuyetsemula, kutulutsa mphuno, kutsekeka m'mphuno, ndi maso oyabwa.
2. Non - allergenic rhinitis ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu monga zonyansa (monga utsi wa ndudu, fungo lamphamvu), kusintha kwa mahomoni, kapena mankhwala ena.
2. Mphuno Polyps
1. Izi ndi zophuka zofewa, zosapweteka zomwe zimamera pamzere wa mphuno kapena m'mphuno. Amatha kutsekereza mpweya wa m'mphuno, zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma movutikira, kutaya fungo, ndi kutuluka kwa mphuno.
3. Sinusitis
1. Sinusitis yowopsa nthawi zambiri imakhala chifukwa cha matenda a virus kapena mabakiteriya potsatira chimfine. Zimayambitsa kupweteka ndi kupsyinjika kwa sinuses, kutsekeka kwa mphuno, ndi kutuluka kwa mphuno yokhuthala.
2. Matenda a sinusitis amatha kwa milungu yoposa 12 ndipo akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha matenda obwerezabwereza, kuphulika kwa m'mphuno, kapena kusokonezeka kwa thupi.
Pakhosi
Kumero kumagwira ntchito monga kupuma, kumeza, ndi kulankhula.
1. Matenda a tonsillitis
1. Ndi kutupa kwa ma tonsils, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya. Zizindikiro zake ndi zilonda zapakhosi, kuvutika kumeza, kutentha thupi, ndi kutupa kwa tonsils.
2. Laryngitis
1. Kutupa kwa m’kholingo (bokosi la mawu) kungachititse kuti munthu asamve mawu okweza mawu, amveke opanda mphamvu, kapena asakhalenso ndi mawu. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mawu mopitilira muyeso, matenda, kapena acid reflux.
3. Matenda Obanika Kutulo
1. Kutsekereza kugona kotsekereza kumachitika pamene minofu yakumbuyo kwa mmero imasuka kwambiri pogona, kutsekereza njira ya mpweya. Kumadzetsa kupuma mosokonekera, kukodola, ndi kugona masana.
Njira Zowunikira mu ENT
Kupimidwa Mwakuthupi
Akatswiri a ENT amagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana poyesa thupi.
1. Otoscope
1. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ngalande ya khutu ndi eardrum. Zimathandizira kuzindikira matenda a khutu, kutsekeka kwa khutu, kapena kuwonongeka kwa khutu.
2. Rhinoscope
1. Chipembere, cholimba kapena chosinthasintha, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsera mkati mwa mphuno ndi mphuno. Imatha kuzindikira ma polyps a m'mphuno, septum yopatuka, kapena zizindikiro za sinusitis.
3. Laryngoscope
1. Laryngoscopes amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana m'kholingo ndi m'mawu. Ndikofunikira pakuzindikira matenda monga laryngitis kapena zotupa zapakhosi.
Mayesero a matenda
1. Audiometry
1. Chiyesochi chimayeza mphamvu ya kumva kwa munthu. Zimathandizira kuzindikira mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa kumva kutayika.
2. tympanometry
1. Imayesa ntchito ya khutu lapakati poyesa kayendetsedwe ka khutu poyankha kusintha kwa mpweya.
3. Endoscopy ya m'mphuno
1. Njirayi imapereka chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha mphuno ndi mphuno. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minofu yokayikitsa ya biopsy kapena kuchotsa ma polyps a m'mphuno.
Njira Zochizira mu ENT
Chithandizo chamankhwala
1. Mankhwala
1. Pa matenda a khutu, maantibayotiki amatha kuperekedwa kwa matenda a bakiteriya. Ma antihistamines ndi nasal corticosteroids amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza rhinitis ndi sinusitis.
2. Madontho a makutu amatha kuchiza kunja - matenda a khutu, pamene mankhwala ochepetsera chizungulire amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zovuta zowonongeka.
2. Immunotherapy
1. Pamatupi awo sagwirizana rhinitis, allergen - yeniyeni immunotherapy (chiwopsezo cha ziwengo) chingakhale njira yothandiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chithandizo cha Opaleshoni
1. Opaleshoni Makutu
1. Tympanoplasty imachitidwa pofuna kukonza khutu la perforated. Ma implants a Cochlear amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vuto lalikulu lakumva.
2. Stapedectomy ndi njira yopangira opaleshoni ya mitundu ina ya kutayika kwa makutu.
2. Opaleshoni Pamphuno
1. Septoplasty imachitidwa kuti akonze septum yopatuka. Opaleshoni ya endoscopic sinus imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza sinusitis osatha ndikuchotsa ma polyps amphuno.
3. Opaleshoni Yapakhosi
1. Tonsillectomy ndi opaleshoni yochotsa matonsi, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matonsillitis obwerezabwereza. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) ndi njira yochizira matenda obanika kutulo.
Mapeto
ENT ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chosiyanasiyana komanso chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza mbali zambiri za moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira kumva ndi kulankhula mpaka kupuma ndi kununkhiza. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, njira zodziwira matenda, ndi njira zochizira m'munda wa ENT zingathandize anthu kusamalira thanzi lawo ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala pakafunika. Kaya ndi vuto losavuta la kusagwirizana ndi nyengo kapena vuto lovuta kwambiri monga sinusitis osatha kapena kumva kumva, akatswiri a ENT ali ndi chidziwitso ndi zida zowunikira komanso chithandizo choyenera.
