Nhanganyaya
ENT, chidimbu chinogona kunzwika sechisina kujairika kune vakawanda, chinomirira Nzeve, Mhino, uye Huro. Iyo inyanzvi yekurapa iyo inobata nekuongororwa, kurapwa, uye manejimendi ekunetseka ane chekuita neaya matatu akakosha matunhu eanatomical. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweENT, kusanganisira chiyero chayo, mamiriro akajairwa, nzira dzekuongorora, uye nzira dzekurapa.
Chikamu che ENT
Nzeve
Nzeve inhengo yakaoma kunzwisisa inotarisirwa kunzwa nekudzikama. ENT nyanzvi dzinobata nyaya dzakasiyana siyana dzine chekuita nenzeve.
1. Kurasika Kwekunzwa
1. Conductive kunzwa kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvinetso munzeve yekunze kana yepakati, zvakadai sevhavha yewax, pakati - zvirwere zvenzeve (otitis media), kana perforated eardrums.
2. Sensorineural kunzwa kurasikirwa kunowanzoenderana nekukuvadza kune nzeve yemukati kana tsinga yekunzwa. Inogona kukonzerwa nekuchembera (presbycusis), kuratidzwa kune ruzha rukuru, mimwe mishonga, kana genetic factor.
2. Hosha Nzeve
1. Otitis externa, inozivikanwawo senzeve yekushambira, chirwere chekunze kwenzeve, kazhinji chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya kana fungi. Inogona kukonzera marwadzo, kukwenya, uye kubuda.
2. Sezvambotaurwa kare, otitis media chirwere chepakati nzeve, iyo inowanzoonekwa muvana. Inogona kutungamirira kukurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwenguva pfupi uye kurwadziwa kwenzeve.
3. Balance Disorders
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) inowanzoitika apo zviduku zviduku zve calcium munzeve dzomukati zvinobviswa, zvichiita kuti kamwe kamwe, zvikamu zvipfupi zvedzungu.
2. Chirwere cheMénière chirwere chisingaperi chinokanganisa nzeve yemukati, inokonzera vertigo, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, tinnitus (kurira munzeve), uye kunzwa kwekuzara munzeve.
Nose
Mhino haingobatanidzwi mupfungwa yekunhuwa chete asiwo inoita basa rinokosha pakufema nekusefa mweya watinofema.
1. Nasal Congestion
1. Allergic rhinitis, inowanzozivikanwa sehay fever, kusawirirana nezvinhu zvinofambiswa nemhepo zvakaita sepollen, dust mites, kana pet dander. Zvinokonzeresa kuhotsira, kuyerera kwemhino, mhino nemhino, nekukwenya kwemaziso.
2. Non - allergic rhinitis inogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadai sezvinogumbura (semuenzaniso, utsi hwefodya, kunhuwa kwakasimba), kuchinja kwehomoni, kana mamwe mishonga.
2. Nasal Polyps
1. Izvi zvimera zvakapfava, zvisingarwadzi zvinokura pachikamu chemhino kana kuti sinus. Vanogona kuvhara nzira yekufema yemhino, zvichikonzera kutadza kufema, kurasikirwa nekunhuwa, uye mhino inomhanya.
3. Sinusitis
1. Acute sinusitis inowanzokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona kana hutachiona hunotevera kutonhora. Zvinokonzera marwadzo uye kumanikidzwa mumasina, kusangana kwemhino, uye kubuda mumhino kwakakora, kusina ruvara.
2. Chronic sinusitis inogara kweanopfuura mavhiki gumi nemaviri uye inogona kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvinogara zvichiitika, polyps yemumhino, kana kukanganiswa kweanatomical.
Huro
Huro inobatanidzwa mumabasa akadai sokufema, kumedza, uye kutaura.
1. Tonsillitis
1. Iko kuputika kwematoni, kazhinji kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona kana hutachiona. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa nehuro, kunetseka kumedza, kupisa muviri, uye kuzvimba matonsi.
2. Laryngitis
1. Kuzvimba kwedokoriro (bhokisi renzwi) kunogona kuguma nehosha, inzwi risina simba, kana kuti kurasikirwa zvachose. Inogona kukonzerwa nekushandisa zvakanyanya izwi, hutachiona, kana acid reflux.
3. Kurara Apnea
1. Kumbotadza kufema munhu akarara kunoitika apo tsandanyama dziri kumashure kwehuro dzakanyanya kuzorora pakurara, dzichivhara nzira yekufema. Zvinotungamirira kukuvhiringwa kufema, ngonono, uye kurara masikati.
Diagnostic Nzira mu ENT
Kuongorora Muviri
ENT nyanzvi dzinoshandisa maturusi akasiyana siyana ekuongororwa kwemuviri.
1. Otoscope
1. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kuongorora mugero wenzeve uye eardrum. Inobatsira mukuona zvirwere zvenzeve, kuvharika kwe earwax, kana kuputika kweeardrum.
2. Rhinoscope
1. Chipembere, chingave chakaoma kana kuti chinopfakanyika, chinoshandiswa kuona mukati memhino nemasina. Inogona kuona nasal polyps, deviated septum, kana zviratidzo zve sinusitis.
3. Laryngoscope
1. Laryngoscopes anoshandiswa kuona dokoriro nevocal cords. Izvo zvakakosha pakuongorora mamiriro akaita selaryngitis kana mapundu ehuro.
Diagnostic Tests
1. Audiometry
1. Muedzo uyu unoyera kukwanisa kwekunzwa kwemunhu. Inobatsira pakuongorora rudzi uye chiyero chekurasikirwa kwekunzwa.
2. Tympanometry
1. Inoongorora basa renzeve yepakati nekuyera kufamba kweeardrum maererano nekuchinja kwemhepo.
3. Nasal Endoscopy
1. Iyi nzira inopa maonero akadzama emhino nemasina. Inogona kushandiswa kuita biopsy inofungidzira tishu kana kubvisa nasal polyps.
Kurapa Sarudzo muENT
Kurapa Kurapa
1. Mishonga
1. Kune zvirwere zvenzeve, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kurongerwa kune zvirwere zvebhakitiriya. Antihistamines uye nasal corticosteroids inowanzoshandiswa pakurwisa rhinitis uye sinusitis.
2. Madonhwe enzeve anogona kurapa kunze - zvirwere zvenzeve, nepo mishonga yekuderedza dzungu inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa kusagadzikana.
2. Immunotherapy
1. Kune yakanyanya allergic rhinitis, allergen - chaiyo immunotherapy (allergies shots) inogona kuva inoshanda kwenguva refu yekurapa sarudzo.
Kuvhiya Kurapa
1. Kuvhiya Nzeve
1. Tympanoplasty inoitwa kuti igadzirise imwe perforated eardrum. Cochlear implants inoshandiswa kurapa zvakanyanya kunzwa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa.
2. Stapedectomy isarudzo yekuvhiya kune mamwe marudzi ekurasikirwa kwekunzwa.
2. Kuvhiya Mhino
1. Septoplasty inoitwa kugadzirisa septum yakatsauka. Endoscopic sinus kuvhiyiwa kunoshandiswa kurapa chisingaperi sinusitis uye kubvisa nasal polyps.
3. Kuvhiya Huro
1. Tonsillectomy ndiko kuvhiyiwa kubviswa kwematonsi, kazhinji kune recurrent tonsillitis. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) inzira yekurapa yekuvharisa kufema kwehope.
Mhedziso
ENT inyanzvi yekurapa yakasiyana uye yakakosha inobata pane zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kubva pakunzwa nekutaura kusvika pakufema nekunhuwidza. Kunzwisisa mamiriro akajairwa, nzira dzekuongorora, uye nzira dzekurapa mukati memunda weENT zvinogona kubatsira vanhu kubata hutano hwavo uye kutsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Kunyangwe iri nyaya yakapfava yekusawirirana kwemwaka kana mamiriro akaomarara senge chisingaperi sinusitis kana kurasikirwa nekunzwa, nyanzvi dzeENT dzakashongedzerwa neruzivo uye maturusi ekupa kuongororwa uye kurapwa.
