Ukuqwashisa Ngesifo Sikashukela Nokuvimbela

Njalo ngonyaka ngoNovemba 14, abantu emhlabeni wonke bagxila endabeni yezempilo ebalulekile—isifo sikashukela. Lolu suku luqokwe njengeWorld Diabetes Day yiNhlangano Yezizwe kanye ne-International Diabetes Federation, okuhloswe ngayo ukuqwashisa umhlaba wonke kanye nokuqwashisa ngesifo sikashukela. Kulo nyaka kugujwa usuku lwe-17 Lomhlaba Lwesifo Sikashukela, olunendikimba ethi 'Wonke Umuntu Ufanelwe Ukuphathwa Kwesifo Sikashukela' kanye nesiqubulo esithi 'Yazi Ingozi, Yazi Impendulo.' Lesi sihloko sidingida isizinda sesifo sikashukela, inani labantu abasengozini enkulu, izindlela zokuvimbela, nokunye, sinikeza abafundi ukuqonda okuphelele.

I. Yini I-Prediabetes?

I-Prediabetes ibhekisela esimweni lapho amazinga kashukela egazi lomuntu engaphezulu kunokuvamile kodwa angakafinyeleli ezimisweni zokuxilonga zesifo sikashukela. Imele isigaba sokuqala sokukhula kwesifo sikashukela, lapho impendulo yomzimba ku-insulin iqala ukuba buthaka, futhi ukulawula ushukela wegazi kungasebenzi njengasesimweni esijwayelekile.

Izimo eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-prediabetes zihlanganisa:

◆ I-Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG): Izinga likashukela wegazi lokuzila liphakeme kodwa alihlangabezani nenqubo yesifo sikashukela. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubhekisela ekuzileni kwamazinga kashukela egazini phakathi kuka-100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) no-125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L).

◆ Ukubekezelela I-Glucose Ekhubazekile (IGT): Amazinga kashukela egazini amahora amabili ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose ngomlomo (OGTT) aphakeme kunokuvamile kodwa awafinyeleli ezingeni lesifo sikashukela. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubhekisela kumazinga kashukela egazini amahora amabili phakathi kuka-140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) kanye no-199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L).

Ukuba khona kwe-prediabetes kukhombisa ubungozi obukhulu bokuba nesifo sikashukela kodwa futhi kunikeza ithuba lokuvimbela. Ngokuphila ngendlela enempilo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba okusesilinganisweni, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babambezeleke noma bavimbele ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila esebenzayo kanye nokuqapha njalo kubalulekile kubantu abatholakala bene-prediabetes. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokushesha kungasiza ukwehlisa ijubane noma ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela.

II. Obani Abantu Abasengozini Ephezulu Yesifo Sikashukela (Abadala> Abaneminyaka eyi-18)?

Kubantu abadala, imiphakathi esengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sikashukela ihlanganisa abantu abanesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo ezisengozini. Lezi zici zingase zandise amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela. Izinto eziyingozi kakhulu kubantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela yilezi:

1. Ubudala ≥iminyaka engama-40: Ingozi yesifo sikashukela ikhula kancane kancane ngokuya ngeminyaka.

2. Umlando we-prediabetes (IGT, IFG, noma kokubili): Ngaphambilini kwatholakala ukuthi une-prediabetes, okungukuthi, ukukhubazeka kokuzila ushukela wegazi noma ukubekezelela ushukela.

3. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (BMI ≥24 kg/m²) noma ukukhuluphala (BMI ≥28 kg/m²) kanye/noma ukukhuluphala okumaphakathi: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala kuyizici ezibalulekile eziyingozi zesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ukukhuluphala okumaphakathi, okubonakala ngokunqwabelana kwamafutha esiswini.

4. Indlela yokuphila yokungawuvivinyi umzimba: Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba nokunganyakazi isikhathi eside kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela.

5. Umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 phakathi kwezihlobo ze-degree yokuqala: Amalungu omndeni aqondile (abazali, izingane zakini) ezinomlando wohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.

6. Umlando wesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane: Ngaphambilini kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

7. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Umfutho wegazi we-Systolic ≥140 mmHg kanye/noma umfutho wegazi we-diastolic ≥90 mmHg noma uthola ukwelashwa kwe-antihypertensive.

8. I-lipids yegazi engavamile: I-High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤0.91 mmol/L kanye/noma i-triglycerides (TG) ≥2.22 mmol/L noma ithola ukwelashwa kokwehlisa i-lipid.

9. Iziguli ze-Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD): Abantu asebevele behlushwa izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

10. Umlando wesifo sikashukela se-steroid edlulayo: Iziqephu zesikhashana ezidlule zoshukela ophezulu wegazi.

11. Iziguli ze-Polycystic ovary (PCOS) noma izimo zomtholampilo ezihlobene nokumelana ne-insulin: Njenge-hirsutism.

12. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-antipsychotic kanye/noma i-antidepressant nama-statins: Imithi ethile ingase ihlotshaniswe nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.

Ukuba khona kwalezi zici eziyingozi kungenza abantu babe sengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolelwa isifo sikashukela kanye nokuphathwa kwezempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasengozini enkulu.

III. Yiziphi Izimpawu Zesifo Sikashukela?

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingahluka kuye ngohlobo nesikhathi sesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, nazi izimpawu ezivamile ezingase zibe khona isifo sikashukela:

I-Polyuria (ukuchama njalo): Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukuzwa ukoma ngoba ushukela ophakeme egazini unyusa umthamo wamanzi emzimbeni, okuholela ekuchameni njalo.

1. I-Polydipsia (ukoma ngokweqile): Ngenxa yokuchama njalo, iziguli zingase zibe nokoma okungavamile njengokusabela komzimba ekulahlekelweni koketshezi.

2. Ukuncipha kwesisindo: Naphezu kokukhula kwesifiso sokudla, ukungakwazi kwamangqamuzana ukusebenzisa i-glucose ngokuphumelelayo kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwemisipha namafutha ukuze kube namandla, okuholela ekwehleni kwesisindo.

3. Ukukhathala: Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingase zizizwe zikhathele noma zibuthakathaka, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa ushukela osegazini njengomthombo wamandla.

4. Ukungaboni kahle: Izinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini lingase libangele uketshezi emehlweni, okuholela ekungaboni kahle. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana, futhi izimpawu zingase zehle ngokulawulwa kwamazinga kashukela egazini.

5. Ukuphola kwenxeba kancane: Isifo sikashukela sithinta ikhono lomzimba lokupholisa amanxeba nokulimala, okungase kuholele ekwelapheni kwesilonda isikhathi eside.

6. Ukungenwa izifo kaningi: Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingenwa kalula izifo, ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni, emgudwini womchamo, nasezimisweni zokuphefumula.

7. Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukunkenketha emaphethelweni (isifo sikashukela): Ushukela wegazi ophezulu wesikhathi eside ungalimaza isimiso sezinzwa, ubangele ukuba ndikindiki, ukuluma, noma ubuhlungu ezithweni.

8. Izilonda emilenzeni: Ukungalawuleki kahle kwesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside kungase kubangele ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi nesimiso sezinzwa, kwandise amathuba okuba nezilonda ezithweni zangaphansi.

9. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi: Isifo sikashukela singase siholele ezinkingeni zokusebenza kocansi, kuthinte inkanuko nokusebenza kwayo.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zingabonwa yisona sonke isiguli esinesifo sikashukela futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingaba mnene. Ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela, izimpawu zingase zibe zicashile uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi kubalulekile kubantu abasengozini enkulu nalabo abanezimpawu. Uma kunezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela noma izici eziyingozi, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa kunconywa.

IV. Yiziphi Izimpawu Zezinkinga Zesifo Sikashukela ?

Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zivela emonakalweni wesikhathi eside obangelwa ushukela ophakeme ezithweni nasezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Lezi zinkinga zingakhula ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa ngokwanele noma singalashwa ngokushesha. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile zesifo sikashukela kanye nezimpawu zazo ezingaba khona:

1. Isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukwenyuka kukashukela egazini kungase kubangele ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi, kwandise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala, njll.

2. I-peripheral neuropathy: Ushukela wegazi ophezulu isikhathi eside ungaholela ekulimaleni kwesimiso sezinzwa, kubangele ukuba ndikindiki, ukuluma, ubuhlungu, noma ukuzwa okungavamile emaphethelweni.

3. Isifo sezinso sikashukela: Ushukela ophezulu ungalimaza izinso, ekugcineni ubangele isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganisa izinguquko emchameni (ukwanda noma ukunciphisa), ukuvuvukala, umfutho wegazi ophezulu.

4. I-Retinopathy yesifo sikashukela: I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ingenye yezinkinga zamehlo ezivame kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, okuholela ekungaboni kahle, ukulahlekelwa indawo yokubona, noma ubumpumputhe.

5. Izinkinga ezinyaweni: Ushukela ophezulu wesikhathi eside ungase ubangele ukulimala kwemizwa yonyawo nemithambo yegazi, okwandisa ingozi yezilonda ezinyaweni kanye nezifo.

6. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Isifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kuvame ukuxhunyaniswa futhi kuthintene. I-Hypertension ingaba yisici esizimele sengozi yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.

7. I-cholesterol ephezulu: Ushukela ophezulu ungase ubangele ukungezwani kwe-lipid, okwandisa ingozi yokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

8. I-Diabetic neuropathy: Ngaphezu kwe-peripheral neuropathy, ingase futhi iholele ekulimaleni kwesimiso sezinzwa ezizimele, okubangela izinkinga zamathumbu, ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi, njll.

9. Unyawo Lwesifo Sikashukela: Ushukela ophezulu wesikhathi eside ungase uholele ekunciphiseni ukuzwa ezinyaweni, kuzenze zithambekele ekulimaleni, ekugcineni zikhule zibe izilonda kanye nezifo.

10. Ukwanda kwengozi yokuphuka: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingozi yokuphuka ingase ikhule ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuqala kwalezi zinkinga kungase kwenzeke kancane kancane, ngezinye izikhathi kube khona ezigulini ngaphambi kokuba ziqaphele. Ngakho-ke, ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga likashukela kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nezinyathelo zokwelashwa ezifanele kungabambezela ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kwezinkinga.

V. Ungabhekana Kanjani Nalezi Zimo Ezingenhla?

Uma ushukela wakho osegazini ujwayelekile futhi usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba okusesilinganisweni, nokuqapha njalo izinkomba ze-metabolic ezifana nomfutho wegazi, ushukela wegazi, i-lipids yegazi, nesisindo.

Uma usesigabeni sokuqala sesifo sikashukela, ukuqinisa indlela yakho yokuphila kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunciphisa usawoti notshwala, ukwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukulawula ukudla okunekhalori, kanye nokuzibandakanya ekuzilolongeni okunamandla kakhulu imizuzu engaphezu kwe-150 ngesonto. Uma izinhloso zokungenelela ezilindelekile zingafinyelelwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukungenelela kwezidakamizwa, njenge-metformin noma i-acarbose, kungase kucatshangelwe.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ngokobuchwepheshe bamanje bezokwelapha, isifo sikashukela asisixaki njengoba sibonakala. Ngokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi, isifo sikashukela singahlehliswa ngokuphumelelayo, sifinyelele ukukhululwa emtholampilo futhi sikukhulule emithini yokwehlisa i-glucose. Imaphi amaqembu abantu okungenzeka afinyelele ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela?

1. Iziguli ezisanda kuzalwa ezinesifo sikashukela: Ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila esebenzayo ezigulini ezisanda kuzalwa ezinesifo sikashukela, okuhlanganisa ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukulawula isisindo, nokuzivocavoca umzimba okwandisiwe, kungasiza ukuguqula isifo sikashukela ngokwezinga elithile.

2. Iziguli ezisanda kutholwa ezinesifo sikashukela: Ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi, okuhlanganisa indlela yokuphila kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokudla, ezigulini ezisanda kutholwa ezinesifo sikashukela kungase kube nomthelela ekubuyiseleni ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo sikashukela.

3. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezikhuluphele noma ezikhuluphele: Isisindo sihlobene eduze nesifo sikashukela. Ngokulawula isisindo, ukudla okunamafutha aphansi, kanye nokuzivocavoca okwandayo, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezikhuluphele noma ezikhuluphele zingathola ukuguqulwa.

4. Iziguli ezinempendulo enhle ekushintsheni kwendlela yokuphila: Ezinye iziguli zisemathubeni amaningi okushintsha indlela yazo yokuphila, okuhlanganisa imikhuba yokudla neyokuzivocavoca. Kulezi ziguli, ukubambelela endleleni yokuphila enempilo kungase kwandise kakhulu amathuba okuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela.

5. Iziguli ezisencane ezinesifo sikashukela: Iziguli ezisencane ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukuba nokuguquguquka okungcono kwe-metabolic. Ngokushintsha indlela yabo yokuphila, bangase bakuthole kulula ukufeza ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi imiphumela ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Umehluko ngamunye esimweni somzimba, ubunzima besifo sikashukela, kanye nendlela yokuphila kuzothinta amathuba okuguqulwa. Ngakho-ke, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlehlisa isifo sikashukela kufanele lwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela futhi luvumelane nezimo zomuntu ngamunye. Odokotela bangahlola impilo yonke yeziguli, banikeze izeluleko ezifanele, futhi bakhe izinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe.