Ukuqwashisa ngesifo sikashukela nokuvimbela

Njalo ngonyaka ngoNovemba 14, abantu emhlabeni wonke bagxila kakhulu endabeni yezempilo ebalulekile - isifo sikashukela. Lolu suku luqokwe njengoSuku lukaDiabe Weary lwe-United Nations kanye ne-International Diabetes Federation, okuhlose ukukhulisa ukuqwashisa komhlaba kanye nokwazi ngesifo sikashukela. Lo nyaka uphawula usuku lwe-17th World Diabetes Day, ngengqikithi 'Wonke umuntu ufanelekabisi lokuphathwa kwezifo sikashukela

I. Yini isifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela?

Isifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela sisho isimo lapho amazinga kashukela egazi womuntu aphakeme kunokwejwayelekile kepha awafinyelelanga khona izindlela zokuxilonga zesifo sikashukela. Imelela isigaba sokuqala ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela, lapho ukusabela komzimba ku-insulin kuqala ukwenza buthaka, futhi ukulawula ushukela wegazi akuphumelelanga njengasesimweni esijwayelekile.

Izimo eziyinhloko ezihambisana nesifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela zifaka:

◆ Ukuzila ukudla kwe-glucose (IFG) Imvamisa, lokhu kubhekisa kumazinga kashukela wegazi phakathi kwe-100 mg / dl (5.6 mmol / l) no-125 mg / dl (6.9 mmol / ll (6.9 mmol / l).

◆ Ukubekezelelana ne-Glucose Ukubekezelelana (Igt) Imvamisa, lokhu kusho amazinga kashukela wegazi amabili phakathi kuka-140 mg / dl (7.8 mmol / l) no-19 mg / dl (11.0 mmol / l).

Ukuba khona kwesifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela kukhombisa ubungozi obuphakeme bokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela kodwa futhi unikeza ithuba lokuvimbela. Ngendlela yokuphila enempilo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo, abantu abanesifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela bangabambezela noma bavimbele ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ukungenelela kokuphila okusebenzayo nokuqapha okujwayelekile kubalulekile kubantu abatholakala abanesifo sikadokotela sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokushesha kungasiza ukwehlisa ijubane noma ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.

II. Obani ababeka engcupheni enkulu yesifo sikashukela (abadala> iminyaka eyi-18)?

Kubantu abadala, abantu basengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela bafaka phakathi abantu abanengozi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lezi zinto zingakhulisa ubungozi bokuba nesifo sikashukela. Izici eziyingozi zobungozi bezingozi ezinobungozi obukhulu kubanesifo sikashukela yilezi:

1. Iminyaka eyi-1 yobudala ≥40: Ubungozi besifo sikashukela bukhuphuka kancane kancane ngeminyaka.

2. Umlando wesifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela (i-IGT, i-IFG, noma sobabili): Phambilini kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela, okungukuthi, ukubekezelela i-glucose.

I-3. I-Overweight (BMI ≥24 kg / m²) noma ukukhuluphala (BMI ≥28 kg / M⊃2;

I-4. Ukuphila kokuhlanza: Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nokuziphatha okuhlala isikhathi eside kwandisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela.

I-5. Umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 phakathi kwezihlobo zokuqala: Amalungu omndeni aqondile (abazali, izingane zakubo) ngomlando wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

I-6. Umlando wesifo sikashukela sokuthinta kwabesifazane: Phambilini otholakala unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

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10. Umlando wesifo sikashukela seSteroid: Iziqephu ezinolwazi olunoshukela olwalunolwazi lwegazi eliphakeme.

11. I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) iziguli noma izimo zomtholampilo ezihambisana nokumelana ne-insulin: njenge-hirsutism.

12. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi ye-antipsychotic kanye / noma ye-antidepressant kanye / ama-statins: Imithi ethile ingahle ihlotshaniswe nentuthuko yesifo sikashukela.

Ukuba khona kwalezi zinto zobungozi kungenza abantu bathambekele kushukela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwenziwa kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokuphathwa kwezempilo kuba nzima kakhulu kubantu abanobungozi obukhulu.

III. Yini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo nobude besikhathi sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile isifo sikashukela zingenza:

I-Polyuria (Ukuchama okuvame)

1. I-Polydipsia (ngokweqile): Ngenxa yokuchama kaningi, iziguli zingathola ukoma okungajwayelekile njengempendulo yomzimba ekulahlekelweni koketshezi.

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3. Ukukhathala: Iziguli zesifo sikashukela zingazizwa zikhathele noma zibuthakathaka, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa ushukela wegazi njengomthombo wamandla.

4. Umbono ofiphele: Amazinga kashukela wegazi aphakanyisiwe angadala ukulahleka kwamanzi avela emehlweni, okuholela embonweni ofiphele. Lokhu kuvame okwesikhashana, futhi izimpawu zingancipha ngamazinga kashukela egazi elawulwayo.

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I-6. Izifo ezivame kakhulu: Iziguli zesifo sikashukela zithambekele kakhulu ekuthelelekeni, ikakhulukazi esikhunjeni, ipheshana lomchamo, kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula.

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9. Ukungasebenzi kahle ngokobulili

Lezi zimpawu kungenzeka zingatholakali ngaso sonke isiguli sikashukela futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingaba mnene. Ikakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala sikashukela, izimpawu zingase zibe zingezinhle. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi kubalulekile kubantu ababeka engcupheni ephezulu nalabo ababhekene nezimpawu. Uma kunezimpawu ezihlobene noshukela noma izici ezingozini, kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa.

IV. Yiziphi izinkomba zezinkinga ezinzima zesifo sikashukela ?

Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zivela emmowazweni wesikhathi eside odalwe ushukela wegazi ophakeme ezithweni nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Lezi zinkinga zingakhula ezigulini zesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi lapho isifo sikashukela asilawulwa ngokwanele noma siphathwe ngokushesha. Nayi ezinye izingqinamba ezivamile zesifo sikashukela nezimpawu zazo ezingaba khona:

1. Isifo senhliziyo: Ushukela wegazi ophakanyisiwe ungadala ukulimala kwemivimbo, ukwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Izimpawu zingafaka izinhlungu zesifuba, ama-palpitations, ukufushane komoya, ukukhathala, njll.

2. I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Ushukela wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside ungahle uholele kumonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, okubangela ukubandakanyeka, ukudonsa, ubuhlungu, noma imizwa engajwayelekile emikhawulweni.

3. Isifo sezinso sikashukela: Ushukela wegazi ophakeme ungalimaza izinso, ekugcineni uholele ezifweni zezinso ezingapheli. Izimpawu zingafaka izinguquko kumchamo (zikhuphuke noma zehlisiwe), ukuvuvukala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

I-4. Isifo sikashukela

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I-6. I-Hypertension: Isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme uvame ukuxhunyaniswa futhi kuthintane. I-Hypertension ingaba yisici esizimele esisengozini yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.

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I-8 Neuropathy yesifo sikashukela

9. Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela

10. Ubungozi obukhulayo bokuqhekeka: Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi ubungozi bokuqhekeka bungakhuphuka kweziguli zesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuqala kwalezi zinkinga kungahle kube kancane, kwesinye isikhathi okukhona ezigulini ngaphambi kokuba bazi. Ngakho-ke, kwiziguli zesifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okujwayelekile kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga loshukela wegazi kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izinkinga. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nezindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele zinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kwezinkinga.

V. Ungabhekana kanjani nezimo ezingenhla?

Uma ushukela wegazi lakho ujwayelekile futhi usengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuze ulondoloze indlela yokuphila enempilo, uhlanganyele ngokuzivocavoca umzimba ngokulinganayo, futhi ubheke njalo izinkomba ze-metabolic ezinjengomfutho wegazi, ushukela wegazi, izinsimbi zegazi.

Uma usezigabeni zokuqala sikashukela, ukuqinisa indlela yakho yokuphila kubalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhawulela usawoti kanye nokuphuza utshwala, ukwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukulawula ukudla okulinganiselayo, nokuzibandakanya emsebenzini wokuqina okuphezulu kwemizuzu engama-150 ngesonto. Uma izinhloso ezilindelwe ukungenelela zingatholakali ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ukungenelela kwezidakamizwa, njenge-metformin noma i-acarbose, kungahle kubhekwe.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ngokwezobuchwepheshe zezokwelapha zamanje, isifo sikashukela asishubile njengoba kubonakala. Ngokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi, isifo sikashukela singabuyiselwa emuva ngempumelelo, ukufeza ukukhishwa kwemali emtholampilo futhi kukukhulule kusuka emithini eyehlisa ama-glucose. Yimaphi amaqembu abantu okungenzeka afinyelele kushukela abuyele emuva?

1. Iziguli zesifo sikashukela zakuqala: Ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila okusebenzayo kweziguli zesifo sikashukela, kufaka phakathi ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukulawula isisindo, nokuvivinya umzimba ngokwengeziwe, kungasiza ukubuyisa isifo sikashukela ngezinga elithile.

2. Iziguli ezisanda kutholwa isifo sikashukela: Ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi, okubandakanya indlela yokuphila nokuthuthuka kokudla, ngoba iziguli zesifo sikashukela esisanda kutholwa zingaba nomthelela ekubuyiselweni ekuqhubekeni kwesifo sikashukela.

I-3. Iziguli ezikhuluphele ngokweqile noma ezikhuluphele kakhulu: isisindo sihlobene kakhulu nesifo sikashukela. Ngokulawula isisindo, ukudla okunamafutha amancane, kanye nokuzivocavoca okwengeziwe, iziguli ezikhuluphele ngokweqile noma ezikhuluphele kungafinyelela ukubuyela emuva.

4. Iziguli ezinokusabela okuhle ekuguqukeni kwendlela yokuphila: Ezinye iziguli kungenzeka zishintshe indlela yabo yokuphila, kubandakanya nemikhuba yokudla nokuzivocavoca. Ngalezi ziguli, ukubambelela empilweni enempilo kungakhulisa kakhulu amathuba okubuyiselwa koshukela.

I-5. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela Ngokushintsha indlela yabo yokuphila, bangakuthola kulula ukufeza ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikashukela akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi imiphumela ingahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Ukwehluka komuntu ngamunye esimweni somzimba, ubunzima besifo sikashukela, kanye nendlela yokuphila kuzothinta amathuba okubuyela emuva. Ngakho-ke, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokubuyisa isifo sikashukela kufanele lwenziwe ngaphansi kokuholwa ngudokotela futhi luqondiswe ezimweni ngazinye. Odokotela bangahlola impilo yonke yeziguli, bahlinzeke ngezeluleko ezifanele, futhi bathuthukise izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezenzelwe wena.