Mna, ndiqonda ukoyisa izigulana
(A) Inkcazo kunye nenjongo
Iziguli zokuhambisa izigulana ziyizixhobo zezonyango ezibalulekileyo ezenzelwe ukuhambisa izigulana ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo okanye ngexesha lothutho olungxamisekileyo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezigulana ngelixa kubonelela ngokuthuthuzelwa kunye nokuzinza. Ezi bobubini zakhiwe ngezixhobo ezomeleleyo kwaye zixhotyiswe ngeempawu zokhuseleko ukuthintela intshukumo yesigulana ngexesha lothutho. Umzekelo, bahlala benemitya eguqukayo kunye neendlela zecala lokukhusela isigulana. Ukongeza, abanye bodwa zenzelwe ngezakhono zokufunxa zokunciphisa ukunciphisa ukungahambi kakuhle kunye nokulimala okunokubakho.
(B) iintlobo zezigulana ezikhoyo
Izibonelelo, ezivunyiweyo esibhedlele ixesha elide, zixhomekeke rhoqo kwizolo zothutho lwezigulana ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Banokufuna ukususwa phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo kwiimvavanyo okanye iinkqubo. Elinye icala, kwelinye icala, linokusebenzisa ukolwa xa bengakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yokulimala okanye ukugula. Iimeko zongxamiseko, ezinje ngexhoba lengozi okanye ezo zinengxaki yeziqukuva, ziphakathi kwabaxhamli abaphambili. Kwiimeko zikaxakeka, isantya kunye nokhuseleko kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye izigulana ezothuthayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokukhawuleza nangokuhambisa ngokukhuselekileyo ezi zigulana kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zonyango. Ngokutsho kwemithombo ethile, kwisibhedlele esixakekileyo, amakhulu ezigulana anokuthuthwa ngoLutsha kwimihla ngemihla, ebalaselisa ukubaluleka kwezi zixhobo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kweenkonzo zempilo.
II. IINGXAKI ZOKUGQIBELA ZOKUGQIBELA
(A) UKHUSELEKO OLUFUNDILEYO
Izithuthi zothutho zixhotyiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulana ngexesha lokuhamba. Uzinzo olunikezwe ngaba bolikisi lubalulekile, njengoko luxhomekeke emngciphekweni wokuwa ngengozi okanye ukuntywila okunokubangela ukwenzakala okungaphezulu. Umzekelo, uninzi lolwalutsha lunendawo ebanzi kwaye iqinile ukwakhiwa okuphezulu. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela njengokuthi njengemitya eguqukayo kunye neendlela ezisecaleni zigcina isigulana ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngokutsho kwezinye izifundo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo zokuthintela ukunciphisa kakhulu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wesigulana kuwa ngexesha lezothutho ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-70. Oku kungakhuseleki kuphela isiguli kodwa kunciphisa uxanduva lwamaziko ezempilo.
(B) Ukuphuculwa kwesigulana
Iiwoli zenzelwe ukuthuthuzela isigulana engqondweni. Bahlala benendawo egcweleyo enciphisa amanqaku oxinzelelo kwaye banike amava okhule ngakumbi. Abanye bodwa bakwanazo iimpawu ezifana nokubuyiswa kwakhona kunye nokuxhasa umlenze, ukuvumela abaguli ukuba bafumane indawo entle ngexesha lokuhamba. Olu kuncitshiswa koxinzelelo kunye nokungonwabi kubalulekile kwizigulana, ngakumbi abo basentlungwini okanye bafumana ixhala. Umzekelo, kufundisiso lokwaneliseka kwesigulana kunye noStractchers, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yezigulana ezixeliweyo ziziva zikhululekile kwiimvakalelo ezinazo ezi zinto zithengiswayo.
(C) Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezempilo
Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zothutho lwezigulana kujolisa phantsi iinkqubo zempilo kwaye kuphunyiswe ukusebenza kakuhle. Aba basoluli bavumela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulula kwezigulana phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ukunciphisa ixesha elichithwe kwizothutho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo apho zibaliwe khona. Ngapha koko, abolwayo banokuhlanganiswa ngokulula kwi-Health yenkqubo yezempilo, ukuvumela ababoneleli bezempilo ukuba bagxile ekunikezeleni ngononophelo kunokuba basokola ngeendlela zokuhambisa iimpahla. Umzekelo, kwisebe elixakekileyo lesibhedlele, ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezisebenzayo kunokunciphisa ixesha eliqhelekileyo elichithwe kudluliselo lwesigulana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%, ukuvumela amaqela okhathalelo lwempilo ukuba abekho kwizigulana ezifutshane ngexesha elifutshane.
III. Iindidi zezolo zothutho lwesigulana
(A) Bolwa nge-ambulensi
Ii-ambulensi zolulazi zenzelwe ukufezekisa iimfuno ezithile zeenkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo zenziwe ngezixhobo ezilula kodwa ezomeleleyo zokuqinisekisa ukuphatha ngokulula kunye nokulayisha ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungalayishwa. Aba basobi bahlala benamavili abenzelwe intshukumo egudileyo ngaphezulu kweetarayina ezahlukeneyo, benza ukuba abe ne-paramede ukuba bathutha abaguli ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze-ambulensirs zoyikwa kukukwazi kwabo ukubanjiswa endaweni yokuthintela intshukumo ngexesha lothutho. Oku kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwesigulana, ngakumbi xa i-ambulensi ihamba. Ukongeza, uninzi lwee-ambulensi luxhotywe ngoSeto oluHlengahlengiso, ukuvumela ii-paramedics ukubeka isigulana kwindawo efanelekileyo yonyango kunye nokudluliselwa.
Umzekelo, ngokweenkcukacha zeshishini, ipesenti ebalulekileyo yee-ambulensi ezixhotyiswe ngamandla amdaka anokuphakanyiswa ngokulula kwaye athotyiwe. Aba basobi bahlala bekhe bakha iilori-kwiindawo zokugcina ezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwezonyango, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into efunekayo kunyango kwangoko.
(B) I-Collars yesibhedlele
Kwiseto esibhedlele, zininzi iintlobo zolwazo ezisetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwesigulana. Uhlobo olunye oluqhelekileyo ngumsindo onesitayile seGurney, othe tyaba kwaye ubanzi, ubonelela ngomphezulu onesidili kwizigulana. Ezi bobutyholo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha izingana phakathi kwamasebe ovavanyo okanye iinkqubo.
Olunye uhlobo yiyolula eyodwa, yenzelwe ukufumana iimfuno ezithile zesigulana. Umzekelo, ukonza i-bariatric boys kwizigulana ezityebileyo, kuyakwazi ukuxhasa iintsimbi eziphezulu kunye nokubonelela ububanzi obongezelelweyo kwintuthuzelo. I-Neonatal Solchers yenzelwe abantwana baphambi kwexesha kunye neentsana, ezineempawu ezinje ngolawulo lobushushu kunye nepadding ekhethekileyo.
Izibhengezo zesibhedlele zihlala zineempawu ezifana nokubuyiselwa kwakhona kunye neendlela zecala lokhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo. Abanye baxhotyiswe ngezibonda ze-IV kunye ne-OXKONA NECKINGER, eyenza lula ukulawula unyango ngexesha lothutho. Ngokutsho kwezibalo zesibhedlele, inani elikhulu lodluliselo lwesigulana esibhedlele liqhutywa kusetyenziswa le misebenzi ikhethekileyo, ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kwabo ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi yokhathalelo lwempilo engenamthungo.
Iv. Iimpawu zokhuseleko zoRhwebo kwezothutho
Izithuthi ezizothutho zixhotyiswe ngeempawu ezininzi zokhuseleko ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni intlalo yezigulana ngexesha lokuhamba. Ezi mpawu zokhuseleko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokubonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo yezigulana.
(A) ukwakhiwa okuqinileyo
Ulwakhiwo olunamandla nolingane lubalulekile ukuze uphephe. Izithuthi ezizothutho zenziwa kwizinto eziphezulu eziphezulu ezinokumelana neemeko ezithile zokusebenzisa kunye neemeko zothutho ezahlukeneyo. Isakhelo somculo siqhele ukwakhiwa kwintsimbi okanye kwi-aluminium, enikezela amandla kunye nokuzinza. Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyamelana nokungakhathali nokunxiba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elide lexesha elide.
Umzekelo, abanye bodwa baye bomeleza izakhephe ezinokuxhasa ubunzima obunzima ngaphandle kokugoba okanye ukophula. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhambiseni abaguli bokutyeba okanye abo banemiqathango yezonyango. Ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lunceda ukukhusela ukungqubana ngexesha lokuhamba, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kubaboneleli bobuguli bezempilo.
(B) iibhanti zokhuseleko kunye nezithintelo
I-BELTS zoKhuseleko kunye nokuthintelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhambisa izigulana. Ezi mpawu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni isigulana ziwa kwaye ziqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabo ngexesha lokuhamba. Iibhanti zokhuseleko zihlala zilungiswa kwaye zinokuqina ukuba zibambe izigulana endaweni. Ziyilelwe ukuthintela isigulana ukuba singahambi kakuhle
Ukongeza kwiibhanti zokhuseleko, uninzi lozoluthwe nazo zinamacala ecala enokuphakanyiswa okanye zithotyelwe njengoko kufuneka. I-Rall Rooils ibonelela ngesithintelo esongeziweyo ukuthintela isigulana ukuba singawitali. Abanye boo bondle baneentloko kunye neenyawo eziziinyawo zokukhusela isigulana.
Ngokutsho kwezibalo zezokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa kweebhanti zokhuseleko kunye nokuthintelwa kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wesigulana kuwa ngexesha lokuhamba. Umzekelo, izifundo zibonakalise ukuba boosyrs ezinolwahlulelo olufanelekileyo zinokunciphisa imeko yesigulana iwela ukuya kwi-80%. Oku kungakhuseleki kuphela isiguli kodwa kunciphisa uxanduva lwamaziko ezempilo.
V. ukuqhutywa
Izithuthi zothutho zidlala indima engenakuphikiswa kwimpilo yezempilo. Babalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa kwezigulana okukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwezigulana ngaphakathi kwamaziko ezempilo kunye nothutho olungxamisekileyo.
Ezi ziko ziyilelwe kugxilwe kukhuseleko lwezigulana, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezomeleleyo zokwakha kunye nezokhuseleko ezinje ngeebhanti zokhuseleko kunye nokuthintela. Izinto ezomeleleyo nezihlala ezomeleleyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwazo zinokumelana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye neemeko zothutho ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa intlalo-ntle yezigulana. Iibhanti zokhuseleko kunye nokuthintelwa ukuthintela isiguli ziwela kwaye zibonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo ngexesha lokuhamba, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kunye noxanduva lwamaziko ezempilo.
Ukongeza kukhuseleko, izigulana ezothutha zibonelela ngokuthuthuzelwa kwesigulana. Ngommandla odityanisiweyo kunye neempawu eziguqukayo ezinjengeendawo zokugcina kunye nenkxaso yomlenze, izigulana zinokufumana uhambo oluhle kakhulu. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwabo banokuba sentlungwini okanye bafumana ixhala.
Ngapha koko, aba bobubi banegalelo kwimisebenzi efanelekileyo yezempilo. Bavumela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza nokulula kwezigulana phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba kunye nokuvumela ababoneleli bezempilo ukuba bagxile ekuboneleleni ngononophelo. Kwiimeko zikaxakeka, apho zibalwa okwesibini, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutyisa izigulana kunokuba yinto yobomi nokufa.
Ukuqukumbela, izigulana ezothutha zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwezonyango ezichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho weenkonzo zempilo. Indima yabo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, ukhululekile, kwaye nendlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba konesigulo ayinakuphela. Njengoko ishishini lezempilo liyaqhubeka ukuvela, ukubaluleka kwaba bakwaliweyo kuya kukhula kuphela, njengoko kubalulekile ukubonelela ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kwizigulana.
