I. ISINGENISO KWEMISEBENZI YOKUFUNDA
Ama-ambulensi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusindiseni izimpilo futhi anikeze ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi. Imishini ngaphakathi kwe-ambulensi ibalulekile ekusingatheni izimo eziphuthumayo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha.
Imishini ye-ambulensi ifaka amathuluzi ahlukahlukene namadivayisi aklanyelwe ukubhekana nezimo zokwelashwa ezahlukene. Enye yezingcezu ezibaluleke kakhulu zemishini iyi-wetfler, esetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ngokuphepha iziguli. Abahlubuke bavame ukuhlome ngamabhande okuphepha nezici eziguqukayo ukuqinisekisa induduzo yesiguli nokuqina ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Enye into ebalulekile yi-defibrillator. Le divayisi isetshenziselwa ukuletha ukwethuka kukagesi enhliziyweni yesiguli uma kwenzeka kusongela impilo yempilo. I-Defibrillators ingaba yimpilo esimweni sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, ukukhulisa amathuba okusinda.
Izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ze-oksijini zibaluleke kakhulu kuma-ambulensi. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza umoya-mpilo ezigulini ezingabaphethwe ekucindezelekeni okuphefumulayo noma kwezinye izimo ezidinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Imaski ye-oksijini, ama-cannuulal ama-nasal, namathangi athandekayo oksijini yizo ezinye zezakhi ezijwayelekile zohlelo lokuhlinzeka ngo-oxygen.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-ambulensi ahlome ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha ezinjenge-bandage, gauze, ama-antiseptics, nemithi. Lezi zinto zibalulekile ekwelapheni ukulimala okuncane kanye nokuzinza iziguli ngaphambi kokufika esibhedlela.
Ukubaluleka kwemishini ye-ambulensi akunakweqiwa. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, njalo ukubala kwesibili, futhi ukuba nemishini efanelekile ebhodini kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Amaqembu e-ambulensi aqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa le mishini ngempumelelo nangendlela efanele ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu ezigulini.
II. Imishini ejwayelekile kuma-ambulensi
(a) Amadivayisi wokonga impilo
Ama-Defibrillators amadivaysi asindisa impilo acacile atholakala kuma-ambulensi. Ezimweni zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, i-defibrillator ingahambisa ukushaqeka kukagesi ukuze kubuyiswe isigqi senhliziyo esejwayelekile. Ngokokucwaninga, ukungcola kusenesikhathi kungakhuphula izinga lokusinda kuze kube ngu-70%. I-ventilatorators ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yemishini. Basiza iziguli ezingakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwazo ngokunikeza ukuphefumula okulawulwayo. Abaqaphi, njenge-Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abaqaphi nabaqaphi begazi, ngokuqhubekayo balandelela izimpawu ezibalulekile zesiguli. Lab abaqaphi bahlinzeka ngemininingwane yesikhathi sangempela kwi-Medical Crew, bebenza bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi balungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.
(b) Imishini yokuhamba yeziguli
AbakwaPedlors badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthunitheni iziguli ngokuphepha. Zenzelwe ukuba ziqinile kodwa ezingasindi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi abasebenzi balayishe futhi balayishe iziguli. AbakwaPlants bavame ukuza nokuvinjwa okufana nemichilo namabhande ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli sihlala siphephile ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kuvimbela isiguli ukuthi singawa noma silimele ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okungazelelwe noma ukuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinambuzane zihlome ngezinto ezinjengokuphakama okuguqukayo kanye nama-engeli, avumela induduzo yesineke kangcono kanye nokutholakala kalula kwezinqubo zezokwelapha.
(c) Amathuluzi okuxilonga
Imishini ephathekayo ye-ultrasound iya ngokuya ivame kakhulu kuma-ambulensi. Lawa madivayisi avumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi bahlole ngokushesha ukulimala kwangaphakathi nemibandela. Isibonelo, bangathola ukopha kwangaphakathi, ukuqoqwa koketshezi, kanye nomonakalo wesitho. Amanye amathuluzi wokuxilonga angafaka imishini ephathekayo ye-X-ray kanye nabahlaziyi begesi yegazi. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile engasiza ekutholeni ukwelashwa okufanele nendawo esigulini. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukufinyeleleka kwalawa mathuluzi okuxilonga kungasho umehluko phakathi komphumela ophumelelayo nobuhlungu.
III. Imishini ekhethekile yezimo ezahlukahlukene
(a) Izisetshenziswa zokunakekelwa kwe-Trauma
Ezimweni zokulimala okungathi sína, ama-ambulensi ahlome ngemishini yokunakekelwa kwe-Trauma ekhethekile. AbakwaTournerniquets abalulekile ukulawula ukopha okukhulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okufanele komphohwevivimbi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwegazi futhi kwandise amathuba okusinda. Ama-Splints nawo abaluleke kakhulu ngamathambo aphukile futhi avikele ukulimala okwengeziwe. I-Vacuum Matilance isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa iziguli ngokulimala okuningi, ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kanye nokuvimbela ukunyakaza okungakhulisa usizi. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-trauma kits avame ukuqukethe izinto zokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kwesilonda ezifana nama-hegents ama-heemstatic kanye nokugqoka okukhethekile.
(b) Okokusebenza kweNeonatal Care
Okwezimo eziphuthumayo ezisanda kuzalwa, ama-ambulensi ahlome ngemishini yokunakekela ye-neonatal. I-Icubators inikezela ngendawo elawulwayo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi noma okugula. Bagcina ukushisa okuzinzile nomswakama, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kwalezi zinsabelo ezisengozini. I-Neonatal Rejesciation Equipment, kufaka phakathi amadivaysi e-Bag-valve kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ze-oxygen, zibalulekile ukuze zivuselele izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Abaqaphi abakhethekile be-neonatal bangakwazi ukulandelela izimpawu ezibalulekile ezifana nezinga lezinhliziyo, isilinganiso sokuphefumula, kanye nomoya-mpilo. Ama-isolette ezokuthutha asetshenziselwa ukuthutha ngokuphepha amadlingozi, ukuhlinzeka ukuvikela kanye nendawo ezinzile ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
(c) Imishini yokulawula izifo ezithathelwanayo
Lapho uphatha iziguli ezithathelanayo, ama-ambulensi afakwe imishini yokulawula izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izisetshenziswa Zokuvikelwa Komuntu (i-PPE) ezinjengegilavu, imaski, izigqoko, kanye nezihlangu zobuso zibalulekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Amakamelo okuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi engemihle angasetshenziselwa ukuthutha iziguli ezinezifo ezithathelanayo kakhulu, ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka. Imishini yokubulala amagciwane, kufaka phakathi amalambu e-ultraviolet kanye nezithombo ze-distinfectant, zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa i-ambulensi ngemuva kokuhambisa isiguli esithathelwanayo. Lezi zinyathelo zibalulekile ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelanayo nokuvikela impilo yeziguli kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha.
IV. Ikusasa lemishini ye-ambulensi
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisa phambili ngejubane elisheshayo, ikusasa lemishini ye-ambulensi libukeka lithembisa. Ubuchwepheshe obuqhamukayo kungenzeka buletha ukuthuthuka okukhulu endleleni eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha eziphathwa ngayo.
Indawo eyodwa yentuthuko iku-telemedicine. Ngokutholakala okwandayo kwamanethiwekhi weselula aphezulu, ama-ambulensi angahlolelwa nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezithuthukile ezivumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi babonane nochwepheshe ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kungavumela ukuxilongwa okunembile ngokwengeziwe kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isiguli sifinyelele esibhedlela. Isibonelo, i-paramedic e-ambulensi ingadlulisela ividiyo ebukhoma nedatha yesineke kudokotela ohlinzayo ohlukumezekile, onganikeza umhlahlandlela ngokungenelela ngokushesha.
I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) nayo kulindeleke ukuthi idlale indima enkulu kwimishini ye-ambulensi. Amathuluzi wokuxilonga anikwe amandla e-AI angahlaziya izimpawu zeziguli nezimpawu ezibalulekile ngokushesha okukhulu nangokunembile kunabasebenzi babantu. Lokhu kungaholela ezinqumweni zokwelashwa okusheshayo kanye nemiphumela yeziguli ethuthukisiwe. Ngokwengeziwe, i-AI ingasetshenziselwa ukwandisa izindlela ze-ambulensi ngokususelwa ezimeni zethrafikhi kanye nokutholakala esibhedlela, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuphendula.
Olunye ubuchwepheshe obuqhamukayo ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Ngokuzayo, ama-ambulensi angaphatha amaphrinta we-3D angakhiqiza amadivaysi ezokwelashwa akhona endaweni. Isibonelo, uma isiguli sinokuqhekeka okuyinkimbinkimbi, iphrinta ye-3D ingadala i-splint yangokwezifiso noma i-cast efanela kahle. Lokhu akukwazanga ukuthuthukisa induduzo yesiguli kuphela kodwa futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ukuletha izimpahla zokwelashwa kuma-ambulensi kuyahlolwa futhi. Ama-Drones angahambisa imishanguzo ebalulekile, imikhiqizo yegazi, noma ama-defibrillators endaweni yesehlakalo esiphuthumayo, anciphise izikhathi zokuphendula futhi aqinisekise ukuthi imishini esindisa impilo iyatholakala lapho kudingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ebukhwini bebhethri ingaholela emithonjeni yamandla ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ethembekile yemishini ye-ambulensi. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amadivaysi abucayi ahlala esebenza ngisho nasezintathelweni ezinde noma ukuphuma kwamandla.
Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe obusafufusa buqhubeka nokukhula nokuvuthwa, banamandla okuguqula ukunakekelwa kwe-ambulensi futhi balondoloze izimpilo ezingenakubalwa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zibuchwepheshe kuzodinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, onjiniyela, kanye nabenzi benqubomgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kwabo okuphephile nokusebenzayo.
