Imishini yokuqapha kuma-ambulensi: Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kweziguli ngesikhathi sokuhamba
Ama-ambulensi ama-lifelines ephathekayo ahlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okubucayi ezigulini ngesikhathi sokuhambisa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha. I-Integraal kulokhu kwekhono yimibhalo yokuqapha ebhodini, okuvumela abezimo eziphuthumayo ukuthi bahlole ngokuqhubekayo nokuphatha izimo zeziguli. Le ndatshana idlulela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemishini yokuqapha esetshenziswa ngama-ambulensi nokubaluleka kwayo ekunakekelweni kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela.
1. Isingeniso semishini yokuqapha ye-ambulensi
Imishini yokuqapha kuma-ambulensi idlala indima ebalulekile ekutholweni kokuqala nokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Lawa madivaysi ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ezimpawu ezibalulekile nakwamanye amapharamitha omzimba, enika amandla abahlinzeki bezempilo ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi balethe ukunakekelwa okufanele ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
2. Izimpawu ezibalulekile ziqapha
Izimpawu ezibalulekile Zobuqatha amathuluzi ayisisekelo kunoma yiliphi i-ambulensi, enikeza ukulandelwa okuqhubekayo kwamapharamitha asemqoka ngokomzimba:
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Abaqaphi be-Electrocardiogram (ECG):
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o Umsebenzi: Ama-ECG Monitor alandelela umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo, ukuhlinzeka ngokuqonda esilinganisweni senhliziyo nesigqi.
O Ukubaluleka: Kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwezimo zenhliziyo ezifana ne-Arrhythmias, iMoocardial infarction (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo) nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo ezihlobene nenhliziyo.
o Izici: Abaqaphi besimanje be-ECG kuma-ambulensi bavame ukuza namakhono aholayo abangu-12, anikezela ngemininingwane enemininingwane ngomsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukile kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukile kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukile kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukile kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukene.
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Abaqaphi Bokucindezela Kwegazi:
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o Umsebenzi: Lawa madivayisi akala umfutho wegazi we-systolic ne-diastolic, kungaba ngokungahlaseli usebenzisa ama-cuffs noma ngokungahlaseli ezimweni zokunakekelwa ezibucayi.
O Ukubaluleka: Ukuqapha Umfutho Wegazi Okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekuphatheni iziguli nge-hypertension, hypotension, nokushaqeka.
Izinhlobo ze- O : Ama-cuffs azenzakalelayo asetshenziselwa kalula futhi ijubane, kanti ama-Shhygmometers asetshenziswayo ahlinzeka ngesipele ukuze afundeke kakhudlwana.
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I-Pulse oximeter:
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o Umsebenzi: Ama-pulse oximeters alinganisa ukugcwala komoya-mpilo kwegazi kanye nenani lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
O Ukubaluleka: Ukuqapha amazinga we-oksijini kusiza ukubona i-hypoxia kusenesikhathi, okubalulekile ezigulini ezinezimo zokuphefumula, usizi, noma izingqinamba zenhliziyo.
O Ubuchwepheshe: Basebenzisa isibani se-infrared ukuhlola amazinga we-oksijini futhi ngokuvamile sibekwe ngomunwe wesiguli, e-Earlobe, noma ebunzini.
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Izinga lokuphefumula isilinganiso:
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o Umsebenzi: Lezi ziqapha zibala inani lomoya ngomzuzu.
O Ukubaluleka: Izinga lokuphefumula liwuphawu olubalulekile olubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinosizi oluphefumula noma olungenamikhawulo.
O Ukuhlanganiswa: Kuvame ukuhlanganiswa namanye amasistimu wokuqapha, okuvumela ukubonwa okuphelele kwesimo sokuphefumula kwesiguli.
3. Ukuqapha kwenhliziyo okuthuthukile
Ukuqapha kwenhliziyo okuthuthukile kubalulekile ekuphatheni iziguli ezinezimo ezinzima zenhliziyo noma ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo:
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I-Cardiac Monitor / Defibrillators:
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o Umsebenzi: Lezi zinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ziqapha izigqi zenhliziyo futhi zingaletha ukushaqeka kwe-defibrillation ukubuyisela isigqi esijwayelekile lapho kuvela khona i-fibrillar ye-ventricular noma i-velcular tachycardia.
O Ukubaluleka: Kubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ukungenelela okusindisa impilo okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo ze-cardiac.
o Amakhono: Ama-Defibrillator anamuhla avame ukufaka izici ezinjenge-Pranscutaneous PACCING kanye nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-CPR.
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I-Capnography:
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o Umsebenzi: I-capnography ilinganisa ukugcwala kwekhabhoni i-dioxide (CO2) emoyeni ophelile, ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yesikhathi sangempela emoyeni.
O Ukubaluleka: Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuqapheleni ukusebenza komoya omncane kweziguli ezihlotshisiwe nangesikhathi se-CPR.
Izinhlobo ze -O : I-WaveForm capnography inikeza ukumelwa kwesithombe kwamazinga e-CO2 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane esimweni sokuphefumula.
4. Izinhlelo eziphelele zokuqapha iziguli
Izinhlelo eziphelele zokuqapha zihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi kudivayisi eyodwa, ukuhlinzeka ngesixazululo sonke sokuhlola ngesineke:
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Ama-Multi-Parameter Monitors:
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o Umsebenzi: Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa i-ECG, umfutho wegazi, i-pulse oximetry, isilinganiso sokuphefumula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kuyunithi eyodwa.
O Ukubaluleka: Banikeza umbono ophelele wesimo sesiguli, evumela ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo nezisebenzayo.
o Izinzuzo: Ngokuhlanganisa amapharamitha amaningi, banciphisa isidingo samadivayisi ahlukene amaningi futhi bakwenza lula inqubo yokuqapha.
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Izinhlelo zeTelemetry:
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o Umsebenzi: Izinhlelo zeTelemetry zidlulisela idatha kusuka esigulini kuya ezikhungweni zokubheka kude, okuvumela ukubonwa okuqhubekayo noma ngabe i-ambulensi isendleleni.
O Ukubaluleka: Babalulekile ngokugcina ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa, ikakhulukazi iziguli ezigula kakhulu ezidinga ukubhekwa njalo.
o Ukusetshenziswa: okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho iziguli ezinobungozi obukhulu zidinga ukuthuthwa amabanga amade noma lapho kubhekwe ukwengamela isimo sezokwelapha esibhedlela esibhedlela.
5. Imishini ekhethekile yokuqapha
Ngaphezu kwama-Monitor ajwayelekile, ama-ambulensi angaphatha imishini ekhethekile ehambelana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezithile zezokwelapha:
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Amadivayisi aphathekayo we-ultrasound:
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o Umsebenzi: Ama-ultrasound aphathekayo ahlinzeka ngemifanekiso yangempela, ewusizo ekuhloleni ukulimala kwangaphakathi, ukuqondisa ukubekwa kwenaliti, kanye nokuhlola umsebenzi wenhliziyo.
O Ukubaluleka: Banikela ngokuqonda okusheshayo, okungahlaseli okungahlaseli okungaba nobucayi emacaleni abuhlungu noma lapho kutholakala imigomo efana ne-tamponade noma ukopha esiswini.
o Ukuhanjiswa: Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni ezisezibhedlela zangaphambi kwesibhedlela ngenxa yosayizi wazo weCompact kanye nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngolwazi lokuxilonga olusheshayo.
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Abaphambuli be-Glucose:
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o Umsebenzi: Lawa madivayisi alinganisa amazinga kashukela wegazi, ebalulekile ekuphatheni izimo eziphuthumayo zikashukela.
O Ukubaluleka: Ukuhlola okusheshayo ushukela kubalulekile ekwelapheni i-hypo- noma hyperglycemia ngempumelelo.
o Ukusetshenziswa: Ukuhlolwa okulula kweminwe - izivikeli zeminwe kunikeza imiphumela esheshayo, ukuqondisa ukungenelela okuthe xaxa.
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Ukuqashwa Kwezinga lokushisa:
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o Umsebenzi: Thermometers, kufaka phakathi amadivaysi wesikhashana noma we-tymppanic, alinganise izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
O Ukubaluleka: Izinga lokushisa lokuqapha libalulekile ekuboneni nasekuphatheni izimo ezibucayi, i-hypothermia, noma i-hyperthermia.
Ukuhlanganiswa : Amanye ama-PALAMeter ahlukahlukene afaka izilinganiso zokushisa zokuhlola okuqhubekayo lokushisa.
6. Ukuxhumana kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha
Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisebenzayo nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwedatha zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemishini yokuqapha kuma-ambulensi:
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Izinhlelo Zokuxhumana:
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o Umsebenzi: Lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuthintana okuqhubekayo neziphuculu zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, izibhedlela, kanye nabanye abasebenzi bezokwelapha.
O Ukubaluleka: Ukuxhumana ngesikhathi kusiza ukunakekelwa okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo ekushintsheni kwezimo zeziguli.
Izinhlobo : Izinhlelo zomsakazo, izingcingo eziphathwayo, nokuxhumana kwe-satellite kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude.
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Ukubikwa kokunakekelwa kweziguli nge-elekthronikhi (EPCR):
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O Umsebenzi: Izinhlelo ze-EPCR zibhala imininingwane yesiguli, izibonakaliso ezibalulekile, kanye nokunakekelwa okunikezwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
O Ukubaluleka: Baqondisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha, bathuthukise ukunemba, futhi baqinisekise ukudluliswa kwemininingwane engenamlilo ukuthola izikhungo zezokwelapha.
o Izinzuzo: Izinhlelo ze-EPCR zithuthukisa ukuqhubeka kweziguli nokusekelwa kwezidingo zomthetho kanye nezokuphatha ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo (EMS).
7. Ukuqinisekisa ukulungela kwemishini
Ukugcina ukusebenza nokulungela kwemishini yokuqapha kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo kwe-ambulensi:
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Ukulondolozwa njalo kanye nokulinganisa:
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o Ukuhlola okujwayelekile: Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokulinganisa kwamadivayisi kuqinisekisa ukunemba nokwethembeka.
o Ukulondolozwa kokuvimbela: Ukulungiswa okuhleliwe kuvimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini ngesikhathi sezikhathi ezibucayi.
o Protocoli: Izinhlangano ze-EMS zilandela izimiso eziqinile ukugcina yonke imishini yokuqapha isesimweni esifanele.
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Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nekhono:
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o Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi: Imfundo eqhubekayo nokuqeqeshwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi be-ambulensi bakwazi ukusebenzisa yonke imishini yokuqapha.
o Ukushayela sekulingisa: ukushayela okujwayelekile nezimo eziwusizo kusiza ukuqinisa amakhono futhi kulungiselele amaqembu eziphuthumayo zempilo yangempela.
o Isitifiketi: Abahlinzeki abaningi be-EMS badinga izitifiketi ekusekelweni kwempilo ethuthukile (ALS) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile.
Ukugcina
Ekuphetheni, Ukuqapha Imishini kuma-ambulensi kuyinto ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okuphezulu esibhedlela. Kusuka kwizimpawu eziyisisekelo ezibalulekile kuqapha ukuthuthuka kwe-cardiac kanye namathuluzi akhethekile wokuxilonga, la madivayisi anika amandla ama-Aporoya ukuletha ukuhambisa okusheshayo, okusebenzayo, kanye nokukhokhiswa empilweni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ambulensi afakwe ubuchwepheshe bamuva futhi ukuthi abasebenzi baqeqesheke kahle imiphumela yeziguli futhi isekela ukuthunyelwa kwezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ukonga izimpilo futhi kudambise ukuhlupheka.
