Iyini i-Infusion Pump?
Iphampu yokumnika iyisisetshenziswa sezokwelapha esiyinkimbinkimbi esidlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwesimanje. Ifana nebhokisi elihlangene elinombukiso wedijithali noxhaxha lwezinkinobho zokulawula, kungase kubonakale kungenasici ekuqaleni. Nokho, ukubaluleka kwayo akunakweqiwa. Iklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze ilawule ngokunembile izinga lokugeleza kanye nevolumu yoketshezi olunikezwa iziguli, iqinisekisa ukulethwa okunembayo nokungaguquguquki. Ewodini lasesibhedlela eliphithizelayo, ngokuvamile uzobona lawa madivayisi afakwe ezigxotsheni ze-IV, amashubhu awo ehlehlela ezigulini, enza umsebenzi wawo wokusekela impilo ngokuthula kodwa ngokwethembeka.
Amaphampu okumnika amaqhawe angaqanjwanga ezimeni ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Cabangela isiguli egunjini labagula kakhulu (ICU) esidinga ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kwemithi esindisa ukuphila, njengama-vasopressors ukuze silondoloze umfutho wegazi. Iphampu iqinisekisa ukuthi ukwehla ngakunye okuyigugu kwesidakamizwa kulethwa ngenani eliqondile elinqunywe udokotela, umzuzu nomzuzu, ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Emnyangweni we-oncology, imishanguzo ye-chemotherapy, evame ukuba namandla kakhulu futhi edinga ukudoswa okunembile ukuze isebenze ngenkathi inciphisa imiphumela engemihle, iphinde inikezwe ngamaphampu wokumnika. Ngisho nasemawodini ezokwelapha ajwayelekile, ezigulini ezidinga uketshezi ukuze zilulame ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni noma ekungalinganini kwe-electrolyte, iphampu iqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile nokukalwayo. Empeleni, isiyithuluzi elibalulekile, elithuthukisa ukunemba nokuphepha kokwelashwa ngokufakwa emthanjeni futhi linikeze abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuzethemba kokuthi iziguli zithola ukwelashwa okufanele.
Umgomo Osebenzayo Wephampu Yokufakwa
Emgogodleni wayo, iphampu yokufaka isebenza ngokususelwe kwinhlanganisela yenzwa yokucindezela, ukulawula ukugeleza, namasistimu okuvikela i-alamu. Iphampu yokufaka evamile iqukethe isistimu yekhompiyutha encane, indlela yepompo, izinzwa zokuqapha, iyunithi ye-alamu, nezindawo zokufaka/zokukhiphayo. I-microcomputer isebenza 'njengobuchopho,' ukucubungula idatha kanye nokukhipha imiyalo. Indlela yepompo, ngokuvamile eyipompo ye-peristaltic noma isistimu eshayelwa i-piston, ikhiqiza amandla adingekayo ukuze uhambise uketshezi.
Izinzwa zokucindezela zidlala indima ebalulekile. Bahlala beqapha ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweshubhu lokumnika. Uma ukucindezela kwehla ngaphansi kwezinga elimisiwe, mhlawumbe ngenxa ye-tube kinked noma isikhwama samanzi esingenalutho, iphampu ingakwazi ukubona lokhu futhi iqalise i-alamu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-spikes ye-pressure, ekhombisa ukuvinjelwa okungenzeka, iphampu iphendula ngokushesha. Isibonelo, esimeni lapho isiguli sigoba umugqa we-IV ngephutha, inzwa yokucindezela ithola ushintsho phakathi kwama-millisecond, futhi iphampu imisa ukumnika futhi izwakale isexwayiso, ivimbele noma yikuphi ukulimala okungaba khona.
Ukulawula ukugeleza kungenye into ebalulekile. Iphampu ilawula ngokunembile isivinini uketshezi okulethwa ngaso. Lokhu kufezwa ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokulawula izimoto. Ngokulungisa isivinini sokujikeleza kwenjini yepompo, izinga lokugeleza lingalungiswa kahle ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokwelashwa kwesiguli. Eseshini yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, lapho umthamo kanye nesikhathi sokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa kubaluleke kakhulu, iphampu yokufaka iqinisekisa ukuthi imithi eyi-cytotoxic ifakwa ngenani eliqondile elinqunywe udokotela we-oncologist, okunciphisa ubungozi bomthamo ongaphansi noma oweqile.
Uhlelo lokuvikela i-alamu inetha lokuphepha. Ihlanganisa ama-alamu ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa lawo ebhethri eliphansi, isiqukathi esingenalutho samanzi, amabhamuza omoya kulayini, nokungasebenzi kahle kwepompo. Lawa ma-alamu aklanyelwe ukubamba noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi. Ewodini lasesibhedlela elimatasa, ama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo adonsela ukunaka kwabasebenzi abahlengikazi, okubavumela ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngokushesha. Lesi simiso sokusebenza esinezici eziningi sihlanganisa ukwenza iphampu yokufaka ibe ithuluzi elithembeke kakhulu nelinembayo kwezokwelapha zesimanje.
Izicelo Ezivamile Zamaphampu Wokufakwa
Ukumnika komtholampilo
Emkhakheni wemithi yokwelapha, amaphampu okumnika atholakala yonke indawo. Ngokufakwa kwe-intravenous okujwayelekile, kunikeza izinga lokunemba lokho ukulungiswa okwenziwa ngesandla okungeke kufane. Ewodini yezokwelapha evamile, lapho isiguli silulama kusukela ekuhlinzweni futhi sidinga ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo koketshezi ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi ye-hydration ne-electrolyte, iphampu yokufaka iqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo onqunyiwe we-saline noma ezinye izixazululo zilethwa ngenani eliqondile elidingekayo. Lokhu kuqeda ukuqagela kanye namaphutha angaba khona ahlobene nokulungisa mathupha izinga lokuconsa.
Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco kungenye indawo ebalulekile. Ezimeni zeziguli ezingondleki kakhulu, lezo eziye zahlinzwa kakhulu emathunjini, noma abantu abangakwazi ukudla ngomlomo, ukudla okungenamsoco noma okunomsoco ngokuvamile kuwukuphila. Amaphampu okufakwayo alawula ngokunembile ukugeleza kwezixazululo ezinomsoco, kungaba amafomula ayinkimbinkimbi aqukethe amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amavithamini, namaminerali. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli sithola inani elifanele lezakhamzimba ngaphandle kokuzilayisha ngokweqile noma ukuzondla kancane. Esikhungweni sokunakekela isikhathi eside, isiguli esikhulile esinenkinga yokugwinya singathembela empompini yokufaka ukuze sithole ukwesekwa okunomsoco okudingekile ukuze sigcine amandla abo kanye nokuphila kahle.
Ukufakwa kwezidakamizwa mhlawumbe yilapho ukubaluleka kwamaphampu okufakwayo kukhanya ngempela. Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, idinga umthamo oqondile. Okufanayo kuya kweminye imithi eminingi enamandla. Isibonelo, ekwelapheni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-dobutamine noma i-milrinone zidinga ukufakwa ngenani elikhethekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu, futhi isiguli singase singaphenduli ngokwanele; ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kungaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi efana ne-arrhythmias. Amaphampu okumnika akwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhamba lo mugqa omuhle, ukuletha imithi esindisa impilo ngokunemba okuqondile.
Izimo Ezikhethekile
Egunjini labagula kakhulu (ICU), iziguli zivame ukuba sesimweni esibucayi, ukuphila kwazo kulenga ngocu. Lapha, amaphampu okumnika abalulekile ekunikezeni inqwaba yemithi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isiguli esine-septic shock singase sidinge ama-vasopressor ukuze silondoloze umfutho wegazi, ama-antibiotics ukuze alwe nezifo, namaphilisi okulalisa ukuze sihlale sinethezekile. Iphampu yokufaka ingaphatha amashaneli amaningi, ngalinye lilinganiselwe ngokunembile ukuze lilethe umuthi ofanele ngethamo elifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokujova okuningi kubalulekile ekuqiniseni isimo sesiguli futhi kusinike ithuba lokulwa nokululama.
Ukunakekelwa kwezingane kuletha izinselelo zakho siqu. Izingane, ikakhulukazi izinsana kanye nezinsana, zinevolumu encane kakhulu yoketshezi kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba ezibucayi kakhulu. Amaphampu okufakwayo aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezingane angajwayelana nezinga lokugeleza eliphansi kakhulu, aqinisekise ukuthi imithi noketshezi kunikezwa ngamanani amancane kodwa anembile. Enganeni ezelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi esegunjini labagula kakhulu (i-NICU) edinga ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo komuthi othile ukuze isekele izitho zayo ezingakathuthuki, iphampu ingasethwa ukuthi ilethe izingxenyana zemililitha ngehora, ivikele impilo ebuthakathaka.
Phakathi ne-anesthesia, ukugcina izinga elizinzile lama-anesthetics egazini lesiguli kubalulekile. Amaphampu okumnika avumela odokotela ababulala izinzwa ukuthi balawule ngokunembile ukumnika kwezidakamizwa ezifana ne-propofol noma i-fentanyl. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli sihlala siqulekile futhi singenabuhlungu kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwengozi yokuqwashisa ngokuzumayo noma ukudakwa ngokweqile. Ikhono lokushuna kahle ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kuzimpawu ezibalulekile zesiguli kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokuhlinzwa kuyinguquko yegeyimu kumkhuba wesimanje wokulalisa izinzwa.
Ngisho nasezilungiselelweni zaselabhorethri, amaphampu okumnika athola ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Ezivivinyweni zokuziphatha kwamaseli, isibonelo, lapho indawo ethile yezakhi zomzimba noma inhlanganisela yokuhlola idinga ukwengezwa kumaseli ngenani elilawulwayo phakathi nesikhathi esinwetshiwe, amaphampu okufakwayo angalingisa izimo zomzimba. Lokhu kwenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukucwaninga ukuziphatha kwamangqamuzana ngaphansi kwezimo ezingokoqobo nezilawulwayo, okuholela ekutholweni kwesayensi okunembe kakhudlwana.
Ngaphandle Kwemithi: Ukusetshenziswa Okungajwayelekile Kwamaphampu Okufakwayo
Ukulethwa Komsoco
Ngaphandle kwendawo yokunakekelwa kwesiguli okuqondile, amaphampu okufakwayo athole ukusetshenziswa okumangalisayo kweminye imikhakha. Emkhakheni wokudla okunomsoco, kulezo ziguli ezinezinkinga ezinzima zesisu, njengesifo samathumbu amafushane noma ukuhlanza okungalawuleki kanye nesifo sohudo, ezingakwazi ukumunca imisoco ngomgudu wokugaya ukudla ovamile, amaphampu okumnika abe yindlela ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka ngokudla. Ukondleka kwabazali, okuhlanganisa ukuthela ingxube ehlelwe ngokucophelela yama-amino acid, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini, namaminerali ngokuqondile egazini, kuncike kumaphampu okufakwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa kancane futhi okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kulingisa inqubo yemvelo yokumunca eyenzeka emathunjini, okuvumela umzimba ukuba usebenzise lezi zakhi ezibalulekile ngaphandle kokucindezela isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.
Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile zokwesekwa komsoco, njengasezigulini ezilulama ngenxa yokusha okukhulu, lapho izimfuno zomzimba zomzimba ziphakeme kakhulu futhi isimiso sokugaya singase sibe sengozini okwesikhashana, amaphampu okumnika anganikeza izixazululo zomsoco eziklanywe ngokwezifiso. Lezi zixazululo zingaqukatha ama-amino acid athile ukusiza ekulungiseni izicubu, ama-antioxidants engeziwe ukulwa nengcindezi ye-oxidative, namanani alinganiswe ngokunembile ama-electrolyte ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yoketshezi. Ikhono lephampu lokuletha lezi zingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenani elilawulwayo libalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuphulukiswa nasekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezihlobene nokudla ngokweqile noma ukuncelisa kancane.
I-Chemical Reagent Transport in Laboratories
Elabhorethri yesayensi, amaphampu okufakwayo avele njengamathuluzi abalulekile. Ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali, lapho ukusabela kudinga ukungezwa okunembayo kwama-reagents phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, amaphampu okufakwayo anikeza ukunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa. Cabangela ukusabela kwe-polymerization lapho ukungezwa okuhamba kancane nokulawulwayo kwe-monomer kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ubude nezakhiwo zeketango le-polymer oyifunayo. Iphampu ingahlelwa ukuthi ikhiphe i-monomer ngenani lama-microliter ngomzuzu, igcine ibhalansi ethambile yama-reactants kuyo yonke inqubo yokusabela. Leli zinga lokunemba liqeda ukuhlukahluka okungenzeka ngokungezwa ngesandla, okuholela emiphumeleni ephindaphindekayo nethembekile.
Kukhemistri yokuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi kumasu afana ne-liquid chromatography kanye ne-capillary electrophoresis, amaphampu okufakwayo asetshenziselwa ukwethula amasampula nezigaba zamaselula kumakholomu okuhlukanisa. Iphampu iqinisekisa izinga lokugeleza njalo, elibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni okunembile nokutholwa kwabahlaziyi. Ekusethweni kwe-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ukuhluka okuncane kwezinga lokugeleza kwesigaba seselula kungaholela ekubunjweni okuphezulu okuhlanekezelwe kanye nomthamo ongalungile wamakhomponi ahlaziywayo. Amaphampu okufakwayo anokulawula kwawo okuqinile kokugeleza avimbela amaphutha anjalo, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi bathole idatha yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi benze iziphetho zesayensi ezinolwazi.
Okucatshangelwayo Okubalulekile Ngokusebenzisa Amaphampu Okufakwayo
Uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni amaphampu okufakwayo, izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zikhunjulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle. Okokuqala, ukubambelela ngokuqinile emiyalweni yezokwelapha akunakuxoxiswana. Udokotela ubeka uhlobo oluthile loketshezi, izinga lokumuselwa, kanye nenani eliphelele ngokusekelwe esimweni sesiguli. Abahlengikazi nabanye abasebenzi bezokwelapha kufanele bahlele ngokucophelela iphampu yokumnika ngokufanele, bahlole kabili zonke izilungiselelo ukuze bagweme amaphutha. Isibonelo, endaweni yokunakekelwa kwenhliziyo, ukubalwa kabi kancane kwesilinganiso sokumnika umuthi wenhliziyo kungaba nemiphumela emibi esigulini.
Izinqubo zokusebenza ezifanele zibalulekile ngokufanayo. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwepompo, amashubhu, nezixhumi kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe noma yimuphi umonakalo noma amaphutha. Phakathi nenqubo yokumnika, kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuze kuqashwe izinga lokugeleza, ubuke noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuza, futhi uqinisekise ukunethezeka kwesiguli. Ezilungiselelweni zezingane, lapho izingane zingase ziphazamiseke kakhulu, ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuvikelwe ishubhu futhi kuvinjwe ukuchithwa ngengozi.
Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kuyisihluthulelo sokwelula isikhathi sokuphila samaphampu okumnika. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza okujwayelekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana kokungcola namagciwane, ukulinganisa ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba, nokuhlolwa kwebhethri ukugwema ukwehluleka kwamandla okungalindelekile. Esibhedlela esimatasa, amaqembu azinikele onjiniyela bezokwelashwa ngokuvamile enza ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe ukuze agcine amaphampu esesimweni esikahle.
Okokugcina, ukuqonda nokuphendula ngokushesha kuma-alamu kubalulekile. I-alamu ngayinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibonisa ibhethri eliphansi, isikhwama samanzi esingenalutho, ishubhu elivinjiwe, noma amabhamuza omoya kulayini, idinga ukunakwa ngokushesha. Izisebenzi zezokwelapha kufanele zazi kahle izinyathelo zokuxazulula izinkinga okufanele zizithathe lapho kukhala i-alamu, ziqinisekise ukuthi ukumnika kungaqalisa kabusha ngokushelela nangokuphepha. Ngokubhekisisa lokhu kucatshangelwa, amandla aphelele amaphampu okumnika angasetshenziswa ukuze alethe ukunakekelwa kwesiguli okungcono kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, iphampu yokufaka isekude ekubeni ihhashi elilodwa eliletha izixazululo zokwelapha kuphela. Amandla ayo adlulela ngalé kwalokho okusobala, angena ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi adlulele nakwezinye izinkundla zesayensi nezisekela ukuphila. Kusukela ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa okubucayi lapho ixuba khona imithi eminingi esindisa impilo yabagula kakhulu, kuya emabhentshini aselabhorethri lapho ivumela khona ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okunembile, futhi ngisho nangaseceleni kombhede weziguli ezithembele kuyo ukuze zithole ukudla okunomsoco, iphampu yokufaka ifakazela ukuguquguquka kwayo njalo.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, singalindela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezicwengisiswe kakhulu kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Sethemba ukuthi lokhu kuhlola okuphelele akuqedanga nje kuphela ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwamaphampu kodwa kuye kwavusa inhlansi yesithakazelo ekuqondeni okwengeziwe izinto ezimangalisayo ezisekela inqubekelaphambili yesimanje yezokwelapha nesayensi. Ngokuzayo lapho uhlangabezana nephampu yokumnika, mhlawumbe uzoyibuka ngokwazisa okusha ngobubanzi beminikelo yayo.
