I. Imibhede yakuqala yokuhlinza: iziqalo ezithobekile
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zomuthi, imibhede yokuhlinza kwakude nezingcezu eziyinkimbinkimbi nezithuthukile zemishini esiyibona namuhla. Babengamapulatifomu alula noma amatshe. Lezi zinhlaka ezinobudlova zazisebenza ngenjongo eyisisekelo - ukuhlinzeka indawo ezinzile yokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, banikela kancane ngokwemigomo yenduduzo noma izici ezingeziwe.
Imibhede yokuhlinzwa yamapulangwe kungenzeka yakhiwe kusuka ezindebeni eziqinile, kepha zazivame ukuba nzima futhi zingenangqondo. Iziguli zizolala kulezi zingxenyekazi, mhlawumbe zine-mat emnene noma ingubo encane ye-cushioning encane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhede yokuhlinza ngamatshe, yayingathetheleli ngokwengeziwe. Izindawo zabo ezibandayo neziqinile zanikeza impumuzo encane kulabo ababhekene nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa.
Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwabo, le mibhede yokuhlinza kusenesikhathi yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthuka kwemishini esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Bakhombise isidingo sesikhala esizinikezele sokuhlinzwa kanye nendawo ezinzile ukusekela isiguli ngesikhathi senqubo.
Njengoba isikhathi sidlula futhi ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, ukuguqulwa kwezimboni kwaletha ushintsho olukhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha, okubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwemibhede yensimbi. Lemibhede emisha yabeka ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuzinzeni nasekusebenzeni okusebenzayo uma kuqhathaniswa nababanduleli babo bezinkuni nezamatshe.
Imibhede yokuhlinzwa yensimbi yayiqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Babengasekela iziguli ezisindayo futhi bakwazi ukubekezelela ubunzima bezinqubo zokuhlinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwethulwa kwensimbi kuvunyelwe futhi nobunjiniyela obuqondile.
Enye yentuthuko ebalulekile emibhede kagesi yokuhlinza kwakuwukungezwa kwamadivayisi wokulungiswa okulula. Lesi kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile phambili njengoba kuvunyelwe odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi balungise umbhede kokuphakama kokusebenza okunethezekile. Odokotela abahlinzayo manje bangakwazi ukufinyelela kangcono umzimba wesiguli ngaphandle kokuthi banciphise noma bacindezele, bathuthukise ama-ergonomics abo futhi behlisa ubungozi bokukhathala nokulimala.
Ngamandla okuguqula ukuphakama, ukuhlinzwa kwaba ngempumelelo futhi kuphephe kakhulu. Odokotela abahlinzayo bangakwazi ukubona kangcono ukubona isiza sokuhlinzwa nokwenza izinqubo ngokunemba okukhulu. Le ndlela yokuqala yokuguqulwa isetha isigaba sokuvela okuqhubekayo kwemibhede ehlinzayo ekusebenzeni okuthe xaxa nokuvumelana nezimo.
II. Imibhede yensimbi yokuhlinzwa ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwezimboni
1. Ukuqhamuka nokubaluleka
Ukuvuselelwa kwezimboni kwaletha ukuguqulwa okukhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha, kwathi enye yezincazelo zayo eziphawuleka yayibonakala imibhede yensimbi. Lokhu kwaphawula igxathu elibalulekile phambili ekuziphendukeleni kwemishini yokuhlinza.
Ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezimboni, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwemibhede yokuhlinzwa yensimbi. Qhathanisa nabanduleli babo, ababevame ukwenziwa ngokhuni noma ngamatshe, imibhede yokuhlinzwa yensimbi yanikeza ukuqina okukhulu. Lokhu bekubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzwa njengoba kunikeze isisekelo esiqinile sesiguli futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokuhamba noma ukungakwazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukubaluleka kwemibhede yensimbi yensimbi akugcini ngokuqina kwazo kuphela kepha nokuqina kwawo. I-Metal iqinile kunokhuni noma ngamatshe, ekwazi ukusekela iziguli ezisindayo nokubekezelela ukuqina kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kwavumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi benze ukuhlinzwa okubanzi okuningana nokufuna ukuzethemba okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethulwa kwensimbi ekwakhiweni kombhede okuhlinza kwanika amandla ubunjiniyela obucacile nokwakheka. Abakhiqizi bangadala imibhede enezici ezengeziwe kanye nokusebenza, ukusetha isigaba ukuze kube ngcono ukuthuthuka ngokuzayo.
2. Ukuthuthuka kokuqala
Okunye kokuthuthuka kokuqala okusemqoka kwemibhede yensimbi kwakungezelelwa kwamadivayisi wokulungiswa okulula. Lokhu okusha kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemibhede yokuhlinza.
Amandla okuguqula ukuphakama kombhede okuhlinzayo avumele odokotela abahlinzayo ukuba babeke kangcono iziguli izinqubo. Odokotela abahlinzayo manje bangenza ngokwezifiso ukuphakama kombhede kuya ezingeni lokudla okunethezekile, benciphisa isidingo sokuthi bakhohlise noma bacindezele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lokhu akuzange kuthuthukiswe kuphela ama-ergonomics kodwa futhi kunciphise ingozi yokukhathala nokulimala kweqembu lokuhlinzwa.
Ngokulungiswa kokuphakama, ukuhlinzwa kwaqala ukusebenza kahle futhi kuphephile. Odokotela abahlinzayo bakwazi ukufinyelela kangcono isayithi lokuhlinza, ukuthuthukisa ukubona ngeso lengqondo nokunemba. Le ndlela yokuqala yokuguqulwa yabeka isisekelo sokuvela okuqhubekayo kwemibhede ehlinzayo ekusebenzeni okuthe xaxa nokuvumelana nezimo.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili, kwenziwa ezinye intuthuko emibhedeni yokuhlinza insimbi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucolisiswa ekwakhiweni, ukuqina okukhulayo, kanye nokungezwa kwezici ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Ukuvela kwemibhede yensimbi phakathi nangemva kokuvuselelwa kwezimboni kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemishini yanamuhla yokuhlinza.
III. Imibhede yanamuhla yokuhlinzwa ehlakaniphile neyimisebenzi
1. Izici kanye Nentuthuko
Imibhede yanamuhla ehlinza ngempela ngezinto zayo nasentuthukweni yabo. Zihlomele izilawuli zikagesi, ezinikeza kalula ukusebenza. Odokotela abahlinzayo nabasebenzi bezokwelapha bangakwazi ukulungisa amandla okulala nezilungiselelo ngokuzikhandla ngokucindezela kwenkinobho noma ithuba lokudayela. Lokhu akugcini nje okwesindisa isikhathi kodwa futhi kunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba kubahlinzeki.
Amandla okushintshwa ngokunembile ezikhundleni eziningi ngesinye isici esingukhiye. Le mibhede ingahle i-angled, yathuthumela, futhi yaphakanyiswa noma yehliswe ukuhlinzeka ngenduduzo enkulu nokufinyelela kokuhlinzwa. Noma ngabe kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ye-neurosurgery noma inqubo ejwayelekile, umbhede wokuhlinza ungashintshwa ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zesiguli neqembu lokuhlinzwa.
Isibonelo, ekuhlinzweni komgogodla, umbhede ungashintshwa ukuze unikeze ukwesekwa okuphezulu emhlane wesiguli ngenkathi uvumela odokotela abahlinza kalula indawo yokuhlala. Ekuhlinzwe kwe-laparoscopic, umbhede ungashukunyiswa ukuhlinzeka ngombono ongcono wezitho zangaphakathi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo ekukhuliseni kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yokuhlinzwa kanye nokuphepha kwesiguli.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa nemishini yezokwelapha
Imibhede yanamuhla yokuhlinza ingahlanganiswa namadivayisi ahlukahlukene wezokwelapha, okuqhubeka nokuqondisa izinqubo zokuhlinzwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, bangaxhunywa kwimishini ye-anesthesia, amadivayisi okuqapha, nezinsimbi zokuhlinza. Lokhu okuhlanganisiwe kuvumela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo phakathi kwezingcezu ezahlukene zemishini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zisebenza ngokuvumelana.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemibhede yokuhlinza emishini yezokwelapha nakho kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwesiguli. Isibonelo, uma izimpawu ezibalulekile zesiguli ziguquka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, amadivaysi okuqapha axhunywe embhedeni wokuhlinza angakwazisa ngokushesha iqembu lokuhlinzwa. Umbhede ungalungiswa ngokufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesiguli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwemibhede yokuhlinza enemishini yokucabanga efana nemishini ye-x-ray kanye nezikena ze-CT kuya ngokuya kuvame kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi bathole izithombe zesikhathi sangempela zezitho zangaphakathi zesiguli ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, zibanikeze imininingwane ebalulekile yokwenza izinqumo ezinembile.
Ekuphetheni, imibhede yanamuhla yokuhlinzwa ehlakaniphile neyindilingayo iguqule insimu yokuhlinzwa. Ngokulawulwa kwabo kukagesi, ukulungiswa kwezikhundla eziningi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nemishini yezokwelapha, banikela ngezinga lokunemba nokusebenza kahle okwakucatshangwa phambilini. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisela phambili, singalindela lezi zimbhede zokuhlinza ukuze zibe yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, zithuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yezempilo.
IV. Ukugcina
Ukuvela kwemibhede yokuhlinza kusuka ekuqaleni kwabo ngokuthobeka kumamodeli athuthuke kakhulu futhi ahlakaniphile anamuhla kuwukuvuselela inqubekela phambili ephakeme yobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Uma sibheka emuva ohambweni, singabona ukuthi sikude kangakanani futhi silindele lokho okuseza.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala, imibhede yokuhlinza yayingamapulatifomu alula noma amatshe anikezela ukusekelwa okuyisisekelo kokuhlinzwa okuyisisekelo. Njengoba isikhathi sidlula futhi inguquko yezimboni iletha izinguquko ezibalulekile, kwavela imibhede yensimbi yokuhlinzwa. Lemibhede yanikeza ukuqina okukhulu nokuqina, futhi ukwengeza amadivaysi alula okulungiswa okumake izinyathelo ezinkulu phambili ekusebenzeni.
Namuhla, imibhede yanamuhla yokuhlinza iyamangalisa ngempela. Ifakwe izilawuli zikagesi, zingashintshwa kalula ezikhundleni eziningi, zinikeza induduzo efanelekile kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlanganiswa nemishini eyehlukene yezokwelapha kuqhubekela phambili izinqubo zokuhlinza futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kweziguli.
Njengoba siqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili, imibhede yokuhlinza cishe izoba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, singalindela ukubona izici ezithuthukile ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kokucabanga okuthuthukile, okuthuthukile kwe-ergonomics kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha, nezinhlelo eziqondile zokulawula.
Lezi zithuthuka ngeke zithuthukise ikhwalithi yezinqubo zokuhlinzwa kuphela kodwa futhi zinomthelela ekunakekelweni kweziguli okungcono kanye nemiphumela. Imibhede yokuhlinzwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekusindiseni izimpilo, futhi ukuvela kwabo okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekufezeni izimfuno ezikhulayo zomuthi wanamuhla.
Ekuphetheni, umlando wemibhede yokuhlinza yindaba yokuqamba kanye nenqubekela phambili. Kusuka emapulatifomu kamapulangwe anobuchude nesatshe aqondayo kumamodeli ahlakaniphile futhi ahlukahlukene anamuhla, imibhede yokuhlinza ifike kude. Njengoba sibheka ikusasa, singaqiniseka ukuthi imibhede yokuhlinza izoqhubeka nokuvela futhi idlale indima ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe emkhakheni wezokwelapha.
