Izinto eziluncedo kwii-Endoscopes eziguquguqukayo kunye ne-Endoscopes eRigid

Ii-Endoscopes zizixhobo zonyango ezibalulekileyo ezivumela oogqirha ukuba bajonge ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngeenjongo zokuxilonga kunye nonyango. Zihlelwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo kunye nee-endoscopes eziqinileyo. Uhlobo ngalunye luneseti yalo ekhethekileyo yeenzuzo, ezibalulekileyo ukuba iingcali zonyango ziqonde ukuze zenze olona khetho lufanelekileyo lokhathalelo lwesigulane.

I. Intshayelelo kwi-Rigid Endoscopes

I-endoscope eqinileyo yityhubhu ethe tye, engaguqukiyo enomthombo wokukhanya kunye nenkqubo ye-lens ekugqibeleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngentsimbi okanye iplastiki eqinile. Inkqubo yelensi ithatha imifanekiso ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kwaye umthombo wokukhanya ukhanyisela indawo ebonwayo. I-tube ifakwe nge-incision encinci okanye ukuvula umzimba wendalo. Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo ziza kwiidamitha ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Zenzelwe ukunika umbono ocacileyo kunye othe ngqo wezakhiwo zangaphakathi.

II. Intshayelelo kwi-Flexible Endoscopes

Ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zenziwe ngetyhubhu ende, encinci, eguquguqukayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulathe inyanda yeentsinga ezibonakalayo ezihambisa ukukhanya kunye nemifanekiso. Kwincam ye-endoscope, kukho ulawulo lokugoba kunye nokuqondisa umda. Oku kuyivumela ukuba ihambe ngeendlela ezigoso nezimxinwa zomzimba. Ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zihlala zixhotyiswe ngemijelo eyongezelelweyo yokufaka izixhobo ze-biopsy okanye unyango.

III . Intshayelelo kwi-Rigid Endoscopes

I-endoscope eqinileyo yityhubhu ethe tye, engaguqukiyo enomthombo wokukhanya kunye nenkqubo ye-lens ekugqibeleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngentsimbi okanye iplastiki eqinile. Inkqubo yelensi ithatha imifanekiso ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kwaye umthombo wokukhanya ukhanyisela indawo ebonwayo. I-tube ifakwe nge-incision encinci okanye ukuvula umzimba wendalo. Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo ziza kwiidamitha ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Zenzelwe ukunika umbono ocacileyo kunye othe ngqo wezakhiwo zangaphakathi.

A. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi

Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo xa kuthelekiswa ne-endoscopes eguquguqukayo. Zingasetyenziselwa ukujonga onke amalungu omzimba womntu. Oku kuguquguquka kubenza babe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-orthopedic surgeries, i-endoscopes eqinile isetyenziselwa ukujonga izakhiwo zangaphakathi zamalungu, ukuvumela oogqirha ukuba benze imisebenzi echanekileyo efana nokususa imizimba evulekileyo, ukulungisa iigaments eziqhekekileyo, okanye ukulungisa umonakalo we-cartilage.

B. Unyango-Ijolise

Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zijolise ngakumbi kunyango. Banikezela ngombono ozinzileyo kunye othe ngqo, olungele ukwenza iinkqubo zotyando. Kwi-neurosurgery, ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zisetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwingqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla. Oogqirha banokuzisebenzisa ukususa amathumba, ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo kwi-hydrocephalus, okanye ukunyanga i-aneurysms. Ubunzima bobubanzi buvumela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zotyando ezichanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa unyango oluchanekileyo kunye nolusebenzayo.

C. Utyando olungephi

Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zihlala zinxulunyaniswa notyando olungephi. Nangona i-incision encinci okanye umngxuma kufuneka wenziwe emzimbeni ukufaka i-endoscope, ixesha lokubuyisela lifutshane ngenxa yokulimala okuncinci okubangelwayo. Ngokomzekelo, utyando lwe-laparoscopic, ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zisetyenziselwa ukujonga umgodi wesisu. Oogqirha bangenza iinkqubo ezifana ne-appendectomies, i-cholecystectomies, okanye ukulungiswa kwe-hernia kunye nezithintelo ezincinci, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka kunye nokukhawuleza ukubuyiswa kwesigulane.

Mna V. ​Intshayelelo kwi-Flexible Endoscopes

Ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zenziwe ngetyhubhu ende, encinci, eguquguqukayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulathe inyanda yeentsinga ezibonakalayo ezihambisa ukukhanya kunye nemifanekiso. Kwincam ye-endoscope, kukho ulawulo lokugoba kunye nokuqondisa umda. Oku kuyivumela ukuba ihambe ngeendlela ezigoso nezimxinwa zomzimba. Ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zihlala zixhotyiswe ngamajelo ongezelelweyo okufaka izixhobo ze-biopsy okanye unyango.

A. Ukunciphisa Ukwenzakala

Ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zibonelela ngenzuzo ebalulekileyo yokubangela umonakalo omncinci kumzimba womntu. Ziyilelwe ukuba zikwazi ukuhamba kwimingxuma yendalo yomzimba, enjengombhobho wokwetyisa, iimpumlo, nomqala. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kubavumela ukuba bahambelane ne-contours yomzimba, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala. Kwi-gastroenterology, ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezifana nekholonoscopies kunye ne-esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs). Ezi nkqubo zinokubona iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza, izilonda, okanye ezinye iziphazamiso zesisu ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu kwisigulane.

B. Ukusebenziseka lula

Ukuba bhetyebhetye kwezi endoscopes kwakhona kuzenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa. Ziyakwazi ukugoba kwaye zijije, zivumela ukufikelela kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo. Kwi-bronchoscopy, umzekelo, i-endoscopes eguquguqukayo inokuqhutywa ngeetyhubhu ze-bronchial ukuhlola imiphunga ngeempawu zesifo, ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga, isifo sephepha, okanye isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary (COPD). Ukukhululeka kokukhwabanisa kuvumela uviwo olucokisekileyo.

C. Ugxininiso lokuxilonga

Ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zijolise ikakhulu ekuxilongweni. Zizixhobo ezibalaseleyo zokujonga izakhiwo zangaphakathi kunye nokufumanisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Kwi-ENT (indlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala) iyeza, ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola umngxuma weempumlo, izono kunye nomqala. Bangakwazi ukuchonga i-polyps, usulelo, okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kwesakhiwo, ukubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo lokuxilongwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwonyango.

V. ​Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, zombini ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo neziguquguqukayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lwanamhlanje. Ii-endoscopes eziqinileyo zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwaye zifaneleke ngakumbi kunyango lotyando, ngelixa ii-endoscopes eziguquguqukayo zingangeneleli kwaye zifaneleke ngcono iinjongo zokuxilonga. Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yonyango, indawo yomzimba oza kuvavanywa okanye uphathwe ngayo, kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo kunye nobuchule beqela lezonyango. Njengoko iteknoloji yezonyango iqhubela phambili, zombini iindidi ze-endoscopes zinokuthi zibone uphuculo olongezelelweyo, ukwandisa amandla abo kunye nokwandisa izicelo zabo kukhathalelo lwezigulane.