Amaphampu wokumnika wokumpontshelwa igazi: Yazi i-DOS ne-HOTS

I. Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha wanamuhla, ukumnika kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha, futhi ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusindisa izimpilo ezimweni ezithile ezibucayi. Amaphampu we-infusion, njengamadivaysi abalulekile ezokwelapha, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuletheni uketshezi ngokunembile ezidumbulweni zeziguli. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokumpompela igazi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphampu wokumnika futhi lolu hlelo lokusebenza oluthile luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lo mbhalo uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe ukuthi wonke amaphampu wokungena angasetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ezithintekayo.

II. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zamaphampu wokungena kanye nezinhlelo zawo ezijwayelekile zokumnika

Amaphampu wokumnika asebenza ngokususelwa ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene. Abanye basebenzisa isenzo se-peristaltic esiqhutshwa ngemoto, kanti abanye bathembela kwamanye izindlela zomeyili noma ze-elekthronikhi. Injongo eyisisekelo ukulawula kahle isilinganiso sokumnika kanye nevolumu yotshwala. Isibonelo, endabeni yokufakwa kwezidakamizwa okujwayelekile kwezidakamizwa, njengokuphathwa kwe-saline noma izixazululo ze-glucose, impompo yokumfaka iqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ulethwa egazini lesiguli ngesilinganiso esisethiwe, kuvame ukukala ama-milliliters ngehora. Lokhu kulawulwa okuqondile kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukugxilwa kwezidakamizwa ezizinzile egazini, ngakhulisa umphumela wokwelapha futhi unciphise imiphumela emibi engaba khona. I-infusion pump iqapha ivolumu esele yoketshezi olusetshenzisiwe futhi ingakwazisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha lapho i-reservoir icishe ingenalutho noma lapho kukhona ukwehla kwe-catheter okuvinjelwe noma ukuphambuka okugqamile noma isilinganiso esibalulekile esilinganisweni sokufakwa okuvinjelwe.

III. Izidingo ezikhethekile nezinselelo zokumpontshelwa igazi

Igazi liwuketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemvelo oluhlanganiswe ngezakhi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, amaplayithi kanye ne-plasma. Ingxenye ngayinye inezimpawu nemisebenzi yayo eyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, amaseli abomvu egazi abuthakathaka futhi aphethe umoya-mpilo, kanti i-plasma inokubona okuthile futhi iqukethe amaprotheni ahlukahlukene nezinto ezivalekile. Ngesikhathi sokumpompela igazi, lezi zici zibeka izinselelo ezithile. Enye yezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu yi-Air embolism. Ngisho ne-bubble encane yomoya engena egazini kungaba nemiphumela emibi, njengokuvimba imithambo yegazi nokudala ukulimala kwezitho noma ukufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impikiswano yegazi Reflux idinga ukubhekelwa ngokucophelela. Uma igazi ligeleza libuyele eshubhu le-infusion, lingaholela ekungcoleni kweshubhu, ukugcwala okungaba khona, kanye nomonakalo ohlelweni lwe-vascular lwesiguli. Ngakho-ke, ukumpontshelwa igazi kudinga izindlela zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezinto ezikhethekile zemishini eziqhathaniswa nokufakwa okujwayelekile.

IV. Isisekelo Nezici Zamanye Amaphampu woku-invibion ​​wokumpontshelwa igazi

Amanye amaphampu wokumnika ayakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lawa maphampu ngokuvamile anekhono lokuphuma eliphakeme lokuphuma. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukunqoba i-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu yemikhiqizo yegazi. Isibonelo, lapho kudluliswa ukumiswa kweselula okubomvu kwegazi, inani elithile lengcindezi liyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okubushelelezi nokuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mapompo wokumnika angahlonyiswa ngezici eziyisisekelo zokuphepha zokumpompela igazi. Yize kungenjalo njengenkimbinkimbi njengaleyo kumadivayisi wokudluliselwa ngegazi ozinikele, anganikeza ngezinga elithile lokuvikelwa. Isibonelo, bangahle babe nohlelo olulula lokuthola umoya lokuthola umoya olungathola ama-bubble alondanda amakhulu bese uxwayisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Bangaba nendlela eyisisekelo yokulwa ne-Reflux yokunciphisa amathuba egazi ageleza abuyele emuva kushubhu, yize ukusebenza kungahluka.

V. Ukulinganiselwa kwamaphampu wokumnika akwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunamaphampu amaningi wokungena angafanele ukumpontshelwa igazi. Omunye wemikhawulo esemqoka ayinangqondo. Lapho ubhekene nokubonakala kwemikhiqizo yegazi, la maphampu kungenzeka angakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo okushayela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ijubane lokumpompela igazi lingase lingazinzile noma lingahle liyeke ngokuphelele, ukuvimba isiguli ukuthi singatholi izakhi zegazi ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi zithinta umphumela wezokwelapha. Okunye ukubuyela okubalulekile ukuntuleka kwezici ezikhethekile zokuphepha. Ngaphandle kwamandla okutholwa komoya okuqondile, ubungozi be-air embolism bukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwemiklamo ephumelelayo ye-anti-reflux kungaholela ekungcoleni kwegazi kweshubhu lokungena kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kohlelo lweziguli lwe-vascular, olungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yesiguli.

VI. Ukusebenza okulungile kanye nokuphepha lapho usebenzisa amaphampu wokumnika ngokumpontshelwa igazi

Abasebenzi bezokwelapha kumele baqaphe ngokuqapha ngokweqile lapho besebenzisa amaphampu wokumnika ukumpontshelwa igazi. Okokuqala, badinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela imodeli nemisebenzi ye-infusion pump ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impompo inamakhono ayisisekelo adingekayo ukumpontshelwa igazi, njengobubanzi bengcindezi efanelekile nemisebenzi ye-alamu yokuphepha ethembekile. Okwesibili, ngesikhathi senqubo yokumpompela igazi, kufanele kulandelwe inqubo esebenzayo yokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuxhumanisa kahle idivaysi yokumpompela igazi kwi-infusion pump, ukusetha inani elifanele lokumpompela ngokususelwa esimweni sesiguli kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo wegazi odluliswayo. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha kufanele futhi babheke eduze ukusabela kwesiguli kanye nesimo sokusebenza sepompo yokumnika. Uma kwenzeka noma yimaphi ama-alamu angajwayelekile, kufanele athathwe izinyathelo ezisheshayo nezingalungile kufanele zithathwe ukubhekana nalesi simo futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwesiguli.

VII. Ukugcina

Ekuphetheni, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu wokumnika ekumpontshelweni kwegazi kuyisihloko esidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Akuwona wonke amaphampu wokungena akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokumpompela igazi ngempumelelo nangokuphepha. Ukukhethwa kwensiza efanelekile nokubambelela okuqinile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo nokuphepha kwegazi. Ngokuqonda amakhono kanye nemikhawulo yamaphampu wokumnika mayelana nalokhu, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokwengeziwe futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kweziguli. Kunethezekile futhi ukuthi le ndatshana ingakhulisa ukuqaphela komphakathi mayelana nobunzima nokubaluleka kwemishini yezokwelapha ekunakekeleni kwezempilo kwanamuhla.