Amaphampu Okufakwa Ngegazi: Yazi Okufanele Ukwenze Nokungamelwe Ukwenze

I. Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha zesimanje, ukumnika kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha, futhi ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusindisa ukuphila ezimweni ezithile ezibucayi. Amaphampu okumnika, njengamathuluzi ezokwelapha abalulekile, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuletheni uketshezi ngokunembile emizimbeni yeziguli. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokumpontshelwa igazi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphampu wokumnika kanye nalolu hlelo lokusebenza oluthile bunzima kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kokuthi wonke amaphampu okufakelwa angasetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nezici ezibalulekile ezihilelekile.

II. Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zamaphampu Okufakwayo kanye Nezicelo Zazo Ezivamile Zokujova

Amaphampu okumnika asebenza ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene. Abanye basebenzisa isenzo se-peristaltic esiqhutshwa yi-motor, kuyilapho abanye bethembele kwezinye izindlela zemishini noma zikagesi. Inhloso esemqoka ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokumnika kanye nevolumu yoketshezi. Isibonelo, esimweni sokungeniswa kwesidakamizwa esivamile emthanjeni, njengokufakwa kwe-saline noma i-glucose solution, iphampu yokufaka iqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ulethwa egazini lesiguli ngenani elimisiwe, elivame ukukalwa ngamamililitha ngehora. Lokhu kulawula okunembile kubalulekile ekugcineni ukugxila kwezidakamizwa okuzinzile egazini, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe umphumela wokwelapha nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Iphampu yokufaka iqapha ivolumu esele yoketshezi olufakiwe futhi ingaxwayisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha uma indawo yokugcina amanzi icishe ingenalutho noma uma kukhona okungahambi kahle enqubweni yokumnika, njenge-catheter evinjiwe noma ukuchezuka okuphawulekayo esilinganisweni sokumnika esimisiwe.

III. Izidingo Ezikhethekile Nezinselele Zokumpontshelwa Igazi

Igazi liwuketshezi lwebhayoloji oluyinkimbinkimbi olwakhiwe izingxenye ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, ama-platelet, ne-plasma. Ingxenye ngayinye inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele nemisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi antekenteke futhi athwala umoya-mpilo, kuyilapho i-plasma ine-viscosity ethile futhi inamaprotheni ahlukahlukene nezici ezijiyisa. Phakathi nokumpontshelwa igazi, lezi zici zibangela izinselele ezithile. Enye yezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu i-air embolism. Ngisho nebhamuza lomoya elincane elingena emgudwini wegazi lingaba nemiphumela engathi sína, njengokuvimbela imithambo yegazi futhi libangele ukulimala kwezitho noma ngisho nokufa. Ukwengeza, indaba ye-blood reflux idinga ukubhekwa ngokucophelela. Uma igazi ligeleza libuyela eshubhuni lokumnika, lingaholela ekungcoleni kweshubhu, ukujiya okungase kube khona, kanye nokulimala kwesimiso semithambo yesiguli. Ngakho-ke, ukumpontshelwa igazi kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile nezici zemishini ekhethekile uma kuqhathaniswa nokumnika okuvamile.

IV. Isisekelo kanye Nezimpawu Zamanye Amaphampu Okufakwa Kugazi

Amanye amaphampu okufakelwa ayakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lawa maphampu ngokuvamile anamandla okukhipha ingcindezi ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze unqobe i-viscosity ephakeme kakhulu yemikhiqizo yegazi. Isibonelo, lapho umpompela ukumiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, kudingeka isilinganiso esithile sokucindezela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okushelelayo nokuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa maphampu okumnika angase afakwe izici eziyisisekelo zokuphepha zokumpontshelwa igazi. Nakuba zingezona eziyinkimbinkimbi njengalezo ezisemishinini ezinikele yokumpompela igazi, zinganikeza izinga elithile lesivikelo. Isibonelo, bangase babe nesistimu ye-alamu elula yokuthola umoya ekwazi ukubona amabhamuza amakhulu futhi ixwayise abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Bangase futhi babe nendlela eyisisekelo yokulwa ne-reflux yokunciphisa amathuba okuthi igazi ligeleze libuyele kushubhu, nakuba ukusebenza kungahluka.

V. Imikhawulo Yamaphampu Okufakelwa Angeke Asetshenziselwe Ukumpontshelwa Igazi

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunamaphampu amaningi okufakelwa angafanelekile ukumpontshelwa igazi. Omunye wemikhawulo eyinhloko ukucindezela okunganele. Lapho ubhekene ne-viscosity yemikhiqizo yegazi, lawa maphampu angase angakwazi ukunikeza amandla okushayela adingekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ijubane lokumpontshelwa igazi lingase lingazinzi noma lingaze liyeke ngokuphelele, livimbele isiguli ekutholeni izingxenye zegazi ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kuthinte umphumela wokwelapha. Okunye okusibuyisela emuva okubalulekile ukuntuleka kwezici zokuphepha ezikhethekile. Ngaphandle kwamakhono okuthola umoya anembile, ingozi ye-air embolism iyanda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwemiklamo ephumelelayo yokulwa ne-reflux kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwegazi kweshubhu lokumnika kanye nokujiya okungase kube khona ohlelweni lwemithambo yesiguli, okungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yesiguli.

VI. Ukusebenza Okulungile Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha Lapho Usebenzisa Amaphampu Okufakwa Ukumpontshelwa Igazi

Izisebenzi zezokwelapha kufanele ziqaphe kakhulu lapho zisebenzisa amaphampu okumpompela igazi. Okokuqala, badinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela imodeli nemisebenzi yepompo yokufaka ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphampu inamakhono ayisisekelo adingekayo ukuze kufakwe igazi, njengebanga elifanele lokucindezela kanye nemisebenzi ethembekile ye-alamu yokuphepha. Okwesibili, phakathi nenqubo yokumpontshelwa igazi, kufanele kulandelwe izinqubo eziqinile zokuhlinza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxhuma ngendlela efanele idivayisi yokumpompela igazi empompini yokumpontshelwa, ukubeka izinga elifanele lokumpontshelwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sesiguli kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo wegazi elimpontshelwa. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha kufanele futhi baqaphe ngokucophelela ukusabela kwesiguli kanye nesimo sokusebenza kwephampu yokumnika. Uma kwenzeka noma yimaphi ama-alamu angavamile, izinyathelo ezisheshayo nezilungile kufanele zithathwe ukubhekana nesimo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwesiguli.

VII. Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu okufakwa egazini kuyisihloko esidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Akuwona wonke amaphampu okufaka igazi akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokumpontshelwa igazi ngempumelelo nangokuphepha. Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi elifanele nokunamathela ngokuqinile ezinqubweni zokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo nokuphepha kokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngokuqonda amandla kanye nemikhawulo yamaphampu okumnika mayelana nalokhu, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwesiguli. Kwethenjwa futhi ukuthi le ndatshana ingaqwashisa umphakathi ngobunkimbinkimbi nokubaluleka kwemishini yezokwelapha ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwanamuhla.