I, Ukuqonda Iziguli Zokuthuthwa Kwama-Stretchers
(a) Incazelo kanye nenjongo
Izinsiza zokuthutha iziguli ziyimishini yezokwelapha ebalulekile eklanyelwe ukuhambisa iziguli ngokuphephile zisuka endaweni ethile ziye kwenye ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sezempilo noma ngesikhathi sokuthutha izimo eziphuthumayo. Inhloso yabo eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuphephile kweziguli ngenkathi kunikeza induduzo nokuzinza. Lezi zihlaka zakhiwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi zifakwe izici zokuphepha ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwesiguli ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Isibonelo, bavame ukuba nezintambo ezilungisekayo kanye nama-side rails ukuze bavikele isiguli. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinhlaka ziklanywe ngamandla okumunca ukushaqeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukungaphatheki kahle kanye nokulimala okungaba khona.
(b) Izinhlobo Zeziguli Ezihlinzekwayo
Iziguli ezilaliswa esibhedlela isikhathi eside, zivame ukuthembela ezinsikeni zokuthutha iziguli ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi zihanjiswe phakathi kweminyango eyahlukene ukuze kuhlolwe izifo noma izinqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziguli zangaphandle, zingasebenzisa izinhlaka lapho zingakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yokulimala noma ukugula. Amacala aphuthumayo, njengezisulu zengozi noma labo abagula ngokuzumayo, nawo aphakathi kwabazuzi abakhulu. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, isivinini nokuphepha kubalulekile, futhi izinhlaka zokuthutha isiguli zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthutheni lezi ziguli ngokushesha nangokuphepha ezindaweni zokwelashwa ezifanele. Ngokweminye imithombo, esibhedlela esimatasa, amakhulu eziguli angase ahanjiswe ngohlaka usuku ngalunye, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwalezi zisetshenziswa ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kahle kwezinsizakalo zezempilo.
II. Izinzuzo Zezilula Zokuthutha Iziguli
(a) Ukuphepha Kwesiguli Okuthuthukisiwe
Izinsiza zokuthutha iziguli zifakwe izici ezihlukahlukene eziqinisekisa ukuphepha kweziguli ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ukuzinza okuhlinzekwa yilezi zinhlayiya kubalulekile, njengoba kunciphisa ingozi yokuwa ngengozi noma ukunyakaza okungadala ukulimala okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, ama-stretcher amaningi anesisekelo esibanzi futhi ukwakhiwa okuqinile ukuvimbela ukuhlehla. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo ezifanele zokuzithiba njengezintambo eziguquguqukayo nezinsimbi eziseceleni zigcina isiguli sisendaweni ephephile. Ngokusho kocwaningo oluthile, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlelo zokuvimbela kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuwa kwesiguli ngesikhathi sokuthutha kuze kufike ku-70%. Lokhu akuvikeli isiguli kuphela kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthwalo wemfanelo wezikhungo zezempilo.
(b) Induduzo Yesiguli Ethuthukisiwe
Ama-stretcher aklanywe ngokunethezeka kwesiguli engqondweni. Zivame ukuba nezindawo ezinamaphedi ezinciphisa amaphuzu okucindezela futhi zinikeze umuzwa onethezeke kakhudlwana. Ezinye izihlakala nazo zinezici ezifana nama-backrest alungisekayo nezisekelo zemilenze, okuvumela iziguli ukuthi zithole indawo enethezeke kakhudlwana ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Lokhu kuncipha kokucindezeleka nokungakhululeki kubalulekile ezigulini, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingase zibe nobuhlungu noma ezibhekene nokukhathazeka. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lokwaneliseka kwesiguli ngezinsiza zokuthutha, ngaphezu kuka-80% weziguli zibike ukuthi zizizwa zikhululeke kakhudlwana kuma-stretch analezi zici zokunethezeka uma kuqhathaniswa nama-gurneys avamile.
(c) Ukusebenza Okuphumelelayo Kokunakekelwa Kwezempilo
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokuthutha isiguli kuqondisa izinqubo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele. Lezi zinsiza zivumela ukuhamba okusheshayo nokulula kweziguli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zesikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ezintweni zokuhamba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni eziphuthumayo lapho isekhondi ngalinye libalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-stretchers angahlanganiswa kalula ekugelezeni komsebenzi wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuvumela abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi bagxile ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kunokuzabalaza nezindlela zokuhamba ezinzima. Isibonelo, emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esimatasa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokuthutha ezisebenza kahle kunganciphisa isikhathi esimaphakathi esichithwa ekudlulisweni kwesiguli kufika ku-30%, okuvumela amaqembu okunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi anakekele iziguli eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane.
III. Izinhlobo Zokuhudula Iziguli Zokuthutha
(a) Ama-Ambulance Stretchers
Ama-ambulensi stretchers aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezingasindi kodwa ezihlala isikhathi eside ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kalula nokulayisha ngokushesha nokuthulula. Lezi zohlaka zivame ukuba namasondo enzelwe ukuhamba kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okwenza abezimo eziphuthumayo bakwazi ukuthutha iziguli ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-ambulensi stretchers yikhono lazo lokuvalelwa endaweni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyakaza ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwesiguli, ikakhulukazi uma i-ambulensi ihamba. Ukwengeza, ama-ambulensi stretchers amaningi anezilungiselelo zokuphakama ezilungisekayo, okuvumela abezimo eziphuthumayo babeke isiguli ezingeni elifanele lokwelashwa nokudluliselwa.
Isibonelo, ngokusho kwedatha yemboni, amaphesenti abalulekile ama-ambulensi afakwe ama-stretch anamandla we-hydraulic angakhushulwa kalula futhi ehliswe. Lezi zinsizakusebenza nazo zivame ukuba nezingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokugcina izinto zokusebenza ezibalulekile kanye nempahla, okuqinisekisa ukuthi konke okudingekayo ukwelashwa ngokushesha kutholakala kalula.
(b) Ama-Stretchers Esibhedlela
Ezilungiselelweni zasesibhedlela, kunezinhlobo eziningana zohlaka ezisetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwesiguli. Olunye uhlobo oluvamile uhlaka lwesitayela se-gurney, oluyisicaba futhi olubanzi, olunikeza indawo ezinzile ezigulini. Lezi zinhlaka zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha iziguli phakathi kweminyango eyahlukene ukuze zihlolwe noma zihlinzwe.
Olunye uhlobo uhlaka olukhethekile, olwakhelwe izidingo ezithile zesiguli. Isibonelo, ama-bariatric stretchers ayatholakala ezigulini ezikhuluphele, ezikwazi ukusekela izisindo eziphakeme futhi zinikeze ububanzi obengeziwe bokududuza. Izihlakala zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziklanyelwe izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezinsana, ezinezici ezifana nokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye neziphedi ezikhethekile.
Izihlakala zasesibhedlela nazo zivame ukuba nezici ezifana nama-backrest alungisekayo nama-side rails wokuphepha nokunethezeka kwesiguli. Ezinye zifakwe izigxobo ze-IV nezibambi zethangi le-oxygen, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ngokwezibalo zesibhedlela, isibalo esikhulu sokudluliselwa kweziguli ngaphakathi kwesibhedlela kwenziwa kusetshenziswa lezi zinhlaka ezikhethekile, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwazo ekuqinisekiseni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungenazihibe.
IV. Izici Zokuphepha Zezinsiza Zokuthutha Iziguli
Izinsiza zokuthutha iziguli zifakwe izici eziningana zokuphepha ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle yeziguli ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Lezi zici zokuphepha zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ubungozi bezingozi kanye nokuhlinzeka indawo ephephile ezigulini.
(a) Ukwakhiwa Okuqinile
Ukwakhiwa okuqinile nokuqinile kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwesiguli. Izihlakala zokuthutha isiguli zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingamelana nobunzima bokusetshenziswa njalo nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuhamba. Uhlaka lwe-stretcher ngokuvamile lwakhiwa ngensimbi noma i-aluminium, enikeza amandla nokuzinza. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo nazo zimelana nokugqwala nokuguga, ziqinisekisa impilo ende.
Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlaka zinezinhlaka eziqinisiwe ezingasekela izisindo ezinzima ngaphandle kokugoba noma ukuphuka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthutheni iziguli ezikhuluphele noma ezinezimo zezempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile futhi kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukugxumela phezulu ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala esigulini nabahlinzeki bezempilo.
(b) Amabhande Okuphepha Nezithiyo
Amabhande okuphepha nezithiyo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinsiza zokuthutha isiguli. Lezi zici zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuwa kweziguli kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwazo ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Amabhande okuphepha ngokuvamile ayalungiseka futhi angaqiniswa ukuze kubambe isiguli endaweni ngokuphephile. Zenzelwe ukuvimbela isiguli ukuthi singasheleli sisuka kuhlaka noma sihambe sihambahamba.
Ngaphezu kwamabhande okuphepha, ama-stretcher amaningi anama-side rails angaphakanyiswa noma ehliswe njengoba kudingeka. Izintambo eziseceleni zinikeza umgoqo owengeziwe wokuvimbela isiguli ekuweni. Ezinye izihlakala nazo zinezithiyo zekhanda nezinyawo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuvikela isiguli.
Ngokwezibalo zokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhande okuphepha kanye nezithiyo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuwa kwesiguli ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Isibonelo, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izintambo ezinezithiyo ezifanele zinganciphisa izehlakalo zokuwa kwesiguli kuze kufike ku-80%. Lokhu akuvikeli isiguli kuphela kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthwalo wemfanelo wezikhungo zezempilo.
V. Isiphetho
Izinsiza zokuthutha iziguli zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kweziguli ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo nangesikhathi sokuthutha izimo eziphuthumayo.
Lezi zihlaka ziklanywe ngokugxila ekuphepheni kwesiguli, zinikeza izici eziqinile zokwakha zokuphepha njengamabhande okuphepha nezithiyo. Izinto eziqinile neziqinile ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwazo zingakwazi ukumelana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa njalo kanye nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuthutha, ziqinisekisa inhlalakahle yeziguli. Amabhande okuphepha nezithiyo kuvimbela ukuwa kwesiguli futhi ahlinzeke ngendawo evikelekile ngesikhathi sokuthutha, enciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kanye nesibopho sezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ngaphezu kokuphepha, izihlakala zokuthutha isiguli nazo zinikeza ukunethezeka kwesiguli okuthuthukisiwe. Ngezindawo ezinamaphedi kanye nezici ezilungisekayo njengama-backrest nezisekelo zemilenze, iziguli zingajabulela uhambo olunethezekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo okungenzeka basezinhlungwini noma abanokukhathazeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-stretch anomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezempilo. Bavumela ukuhamba okusheshayo nokulula kweziguli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba nokwenza abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukugxila ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lapho umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile, ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza zokuthutha isiguli kungaba yindaba yokuphila nokufa.
Sengiphetha, izinhlaka zokuthutha iziguli ziyimishini yezokwelapha ebalulekile enomthelela omkhulu eqophelweni lezinsizakalo zezempilo. Iqhaza labo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthwa kwesiguli okuphephile, okunethezekile, futhi okuphumelelayo akunakugcizelelwa. Njengoba imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo iqhubeka nokuvela, ukubaluleka kwalezi zinsiza kuzokhula kuphela, njengoba zibalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu ezigulini.
