Izicupho zezokwelapha zingamathuluzi abalulekile ekuhlolweni nasekuphatheni izimo zokuphefumula. Le mishini isetshenziselwa ukukala umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngokuhlola ivolumu yomoya umuntu angakhipha futhi akhiphe, kanye nokuthi bangakwenza ngokushesha kangakanani. I-Sporometry ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwezifo ezinjenge-asthma, isifo esingama-pulmonary esingama-pulmonary (COPD), kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Uhlelo lokusebenza nokubaluleka kwemishini ye-Spirometer, nokho, kwandiswa kuwo wonke amaqembu ahlukahlukene wobudala, ngalinye linezidingo nezinselelo ezihlukile nezinselelo. Ukusuka ezinganeni asebekhulile, u-Sporometry udlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yokuphefumula.

Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ukuthi imishini yezokwelapha isetshenziswa kanjani futhi ukubaluleka kwawo kumaqembu ahlukene weminyaka: izingane, abantu abadala kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Ngokuqonda lokhu kuhlukahlukana okuhlobene nobudala, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangasebenzisa kangcono i-SporoMetry ukuqapha, ukuthola, nokwelapha izimo zokuphefumula.

1. Ukuqonda i-Sporometry: Kusebenza kanjani?

Ngaphambi kokungena kwizinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondene nobudala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-spormetry isebenza kanjani. I-Spirometer ilinganisa amavolumu asemqoka, kufaka phakathi:

Ivolumu ye-Tidal (TV) : Inani lomoya eliphefumulelwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okujwayelekile.

· Forced umthamo we-vital (FVC) : Inani eliphelele lomoya likhishwe ngamandla ngemuva kokuphuza umoya ojulile.

Ivolumu ephelelwe yisikhathi ephelelwe yisikhathi esingu-1 (Fev1) : Inani lomoya oliveziwe phakathi nomzuzwana wokuqala we-exAle ophoqelelwe.

· Peeak Explay Flow (PEF) : Ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu lokuphelelwa yisikhathi okutholakele ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okuphoqelelwe.

Lezi zilinganiso zihlinzeka ngokuqonda empilweni yamaphaphu nokuba khona kwezifo ezingamaphaphu ezivimbayo noma ezivinjelwe.

2. Iqhaza le-sporometry ekunakekelweni kwezingane

SporoMETRITS, ikakhulukazi lezo ezine-asthma noma i-cystic fibrosis, iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga. Ngenkathi izingane zingase zingakwazi ukwenza izivivinyo ze-shorometry zendabuko ngokunemba njengabantu abadala, kukhona abakhiqizi bezingane abaklanyelwe ukunakekela izidingo zabo.

Izicelo ze-Pediatric of Spirometry :

Ukuxilonga i-asthma : Isifuba somoya singenye yezimo ezivame kakhulu zokuphefumula ezinganeni. I-Sporometry isiza ukuthi ichaze ubukhulu besifutho somoya ngokulinganisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zesifo. Ezinganeni ezine-asthma, i-spirometry ingasetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukunqunyelwa kwe-airflow futhi ihlole ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelapha.

· Cystic Fibrosing Monitoring : Izingane ezine-cystic fibrosis zinama-mucus angavimba imigwaqo yomoya futhi enze ukuphefumula kube nzima. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-Spirometry kusiza ukulandelela umsebenzi wamaphaphu kulezi ziguli futhi kuhlolwe ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

· Ukuvimbela nokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi : I-Sporometry ingathola izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga zokuphefumula ezinganeni, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kubonakale izimpawu. Ezinganeni ezingaba sengozini yokuthola izifo ezingamaphaphu ezihlala isikhathi eside, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukungenelela kusenesikhathi.

IZINSELELE ZE-Pediatric Sporometry :

· Ukubambisana Nenqubo : Enye yezinselelo ze-sporometry ezinganeni yikhono lokulandela imiyalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingane zibe nobunzima ekunikezeni umzamo ongaguquguquki futhi onembile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka ukuphefumula okuphoqelekile.

Imishini yobudala efanelekile : Ama-Pediatric Spirometers aklanyelwe ukubandakanyeka kakhulu ezinganeni, ezinokubonisa okumibalabala ngisho nokutholwa kokubasiza baqonde inqubo.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, u-Spirometry uhlala ekhona ngamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu okuhlola impilo yamaphaphu ezinganeni, enika amandla okuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kwezimo ezifana ne-asthma ne-cystic fibrosis.

3. I-Spirometry yabantu abadala: Ukuqapha kanye nokuxilonga izimo zokuphefumula

Kubantu abadala, i-Spirometry isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhloleni izifo ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi isifo sokuvilapha ama-pulmonary (i-asthma), i-asthma, i-bronchitis, nezifo zamaphaphu zamaphaphu. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokuqapha izimo ezingamahlalakhona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izicelo ekunakekelweni kwabantu abadala :

Ukuxilongwa Copd : I-Copd iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuxineka nokufa kwabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi labo ababhemayo. I-Sporometry ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD ngokulinganisa i-FEV1 kanye nesilinganiso se-FVC. Kuyasiza ukwehlukanisa izifo ezivinjelwe zamaphaphu ezivimbayo nezivinjelwe, okunika amandla ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe.

Ukuphatha i-asthma : Kubantu abadala abane-asthma, i-spirometry isetshenziswa njalo ukuqapha umsebenzi wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuxaka. Kuyasiza ukunquma ukusebenza kahle kwemithi efana ne-bronchodilators kanye nama-corticosteroids ane-inhalicoud.

kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi Ukuhlolwa Lokhu kusiza ama-anterisiologists kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo banquma ubungozi obandakanyeka kule nqubo.

· Ezempilo Yomsebenzi : Ezempilo emsebenzini, i-Spirometry ingasiza ekuhloleni abasebenzi ukuthi bavezwe izimo eziyingozi, njengalabo abasebenza namakhemikhali noma ezindaweni ezinempilo engemihle yomoya, ukuqapha izimpawu zokuqala zomonakalo wamaphaphu.

IZINSELELE ZOKWAMUKELA KWABADALA :

Izifo ezingamahlalakhona : I-Sporometry ingaba inselelo ezigulini ezinezimo eziningi ezingapheli ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, noma isifo senhliziyo, njengoba lokhu kungaxaka ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela ye-spirometry.

Umlando wokubhema : Kubantu ngabanye abanomlando wokubhema, ukutolika kwemiphumela ye-spirometry kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Ukulimala kwamaphaphu okuhlobene nokubhema kungadala ushintsho olungenakuphikiswa emsebenzini wamaphaphu, okwenza kubalulekile ukuqapha umsebenzi wamaphaphu njalo.

Kubantu abadala, u-Spirometry kuyingxenye yokuphatha izifo zokuphefumula okungamahlalakhona, ukuthola izimo zesigaba sokuqala, futhi kulandelwa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelapha.

I-4. Ukubaluleka kwe-sporometry ekunakekelweni kwe-great

Njengabantu ubudala, ukuqina kwamaphaphu kuyancipha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuphefumula ngokwemvelo kuyancipha. Abantu abadala asebekhulile kungenzeka babe sengozini ephezulu yokuthi izimo ezinjenge-pneumonia, i-COPD, nezinye izifo ezihlobene nobudala. Kule qembu le-Age, i-Spirometry iba yithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthola izindaba zokuphefumula kanye nokubheka ukuthuthuka kwazo.

Izicelo ekunakekelweni kwakudala :

Ukuhlonza izifo ezihlobene nobudala obuhlobene nobudala : ezifweni zamaphaphu, amaphaphu ezinjenge-Copd, i-fibrosis ye-pulmonary, futhi ama-emphysee ajwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-Spirometry kubalulekile ekuboneni izigaba zokuqala zalezi zifo nokuhlola umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kwabadala : iziguli ezikhulile ezizohlinzwa, ikakhulukazi labo abanomlando wezingqinamba zokuphefumula, kungadingeka ukuthi babhekane ne-SporoMETry. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqonda okungcono kobungozi obuhambisana ne-anesthesia nokuhlinzwa.

: Izimo Zokungapheli Ezingamahlalakhona Kwabantu asebekhulile abanezimo zamaphaphu ezikhona, izicupho zibalulekile ekuqapheleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Kuyasiza ukulungisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi irejimemu yemithi, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.

IZINSELELE ZOKWAMUKELA EZIJWAYELEKILE EKUGCINA :

Ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba : Iziguli ezindala zingaba nokulinganiselwa ngokomzimba, njengobunzima kulandela imiyalo noma kuthola amandla anele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungathinta ukunemba kwemiphumela.

Ukwehla kwengqondo : Kwabadala asebekhulile abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukuqonda inqubo kungaba inselele, futhi izivivinyo eziphindaphindwayo kungadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa okunembile.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, u-Spirometry uhlala eyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga ekunakekelweni kwe-geriatric. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezifo ezingamaphaphu kwabadala kungaholela emiphumeleni engcono nokuphathwa okusebenzayo.

I-5. Izinzuzo ze-SporoMETRY kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka

Noma ngabe izingane, abantu abadala, noma asebekhulile, i-Sporometry inikeza izinzuzo eziningi:

· Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi : I-Spirometry ejwayelekile ingathola izingqinamba zokuphefumula ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibe zimbi, zivumela ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuphathwa okuqinisekisiwe : I-Spirometry ivumela abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi baqaphe umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bathuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezimo zokuphefumula okungamahlalakhona.

· Ukwelashwa okwenziwe ngezifiso : Imininingwane evela ekuhlolweni kwe-Spirometry isiza odokotela ukuthi basebenzise izindlela zokwelapha kanye nezincomo zendlela yokuphila ezigulini ngazinye, zithuthukisa impilo yabo.

6. Isiphetho: Indima ye-SporoMetry empilweni yokuphefumula kuyo yonke impilo yesikhathi sokuphila

Imishini yezokwelapha ineqhaza elibalulekile ongalidlala kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka. Ukusuka ekunakekelweni kwezifo ze-asthma kanye ne-cystic fibrosis ekuxilongeni nasekuphathweni kwama-COPD kwabadala kanye nokuqapha izifo zamaphaphu ezihlobene nobudala kubantu asebekhulile, i-SporoMetry iyithuluzi elibalulekile emthini wokuphefumula. Naphezu kwezinselelo ezihlobene nokuhlolwa okucacisiwe iminyaka yobudala, i-Spirometry ihlala ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuqapha, ekuxilonga, kanye nokuphatha impilo yokuphefumula.

Njengoba sikhula, ukubaluleka kwempilo yamaphaphu kubangelwa ngokwengeziwe, futhi i-Sporrometry ingaqinisekisa ukuthi izingqinamba zokuphefumula zibanjwa ekuseni kakhulu, zilawulwa ngempumelelo, futhi ziphathwe ngendlela efanele. Noma ngabe emtholampilo wezingane, ngesikhathi sokuhlola okujwayelekile kubantu abadala, noma njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwe-Geriatric, i-SporoMetry ibalulekile ukuze ilondoloze nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yamaphaphu ezigulini zeminyaka yonke.