Yini umshini we-AED? Umhlahlandlela ophelele
Ama-Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) angamathuluzi abalulekile okusindisa impilo aklanyelwe ukwelapha ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe (SCA), isimo lapho inhliziyo iyeka khona ukushaya kungazelelwe. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubheka okujulile ukuthi iyini imishini ye-AED, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukubaluleka kwayo ekunakekelweni okuphuthumayo, kanye nendima yayo ekusindiseni izimpilo.
1. Isingeniso sama-AED
Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni wonke. Kwenzeka lapho isimiso sikagesi senhliziyo singasebenzi kahle, okubangela ukuba ishaye ngendlela engavamile (i-arrhythmia) noma ime ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha kwe-AED kungasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa.
I-Automated External Defibrillator (AED) iyisisetshenziswa se-elekthronikhi esiphathwayo esixilonga ngokuzenzakalelayo i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo esongela ukuphila futhi ilethe ukushaqeka enhliziyweni ukuze ibuyisele isigqi esivamile. Ama-AED aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa umphakathi jikelele kanye nabantu abaqeqeshiwe ngokufanayo, okuwenza afinyeleleke kuzilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene kusukela ezindaweni zomphakathi kuya emakhaya.
2. Asebenza kanjani ama-AED
Ama-AED angamadivayisi asebenziseka kalula anikeza imiyalelo yezwi ecacile, yesinyathelo nesinyathelo ukuze iqondise umhlengi kule nqubo. Nansi indlela asebenza ngayo:
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Ukutholwa nokuhlaziya:
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o Uma i-AED ivuliwe futhi amaphedi ebekwa esifubeni sesiguli, ihlola isigqi senhliziyo.
o Lolu cingo luhlaziya ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo ukuze kutholwe ukuthi kuyadingeka yini i-defibrillation (ukwethuka).
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Ukushaja kanye Nokulethwa Okushaqisayo:
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o Uma kutholwa isigqi esishaqisayo, i-AED izoshaja ama-capacitor ayo futhi yazise umhlengi ukuthi alethe ukushaqeka.
o Umhlengi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi akekho othinta isiguli ngaphambi kokucindezela inkinobho yokushaqeka.
o I-AED ibe isiletha ukushaqeka kukagesi okulawulwayo enhliziyweni, okungamisa isigqi esingavamile futhi kuvumele isigqi esivamile ukuthi siqale kabusha.
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Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokwethuka:
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o Ngemva kokuletha ukushaqeka, i-AED izohlaziya kabusha isigqi senhliziyo.
o Uma kunesidingo, kuzokhuthaza umhlengi ukuthi anikeze ukushaqeka okwengeziwe noma enze i-CPR.
3. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-AED
Ukuqonda izingxenye ze-AED kusiza ekubambeni ukuthi isebenza kanjani:
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Amaphedi e-Electrode:
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o Lawa amaphedi okunamathela abekwe esifubeni sesiguli. Babona isigqi senhliziyo futhi balethe ukushaqeka.
o Ukubekwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kube ne-defibrillation ephumelelayo.
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Iphaneli yokulawula:
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o Iphaneli ihlanganisa inkinobho yokuvula/ukuvala, inkinobho yokushaqisa, kanye nezinkomba ngokuvamile ezengeziwe noma izinkinobho zezici ezithuthuke kakhulu.
o Iphinde igcine isipikha ukuze uthole imiyalelo yezwi.
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Ibhethri:
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o Ama-AED anikwa amandla amabhethri empilo ende, abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi idivayisi isilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
o Ukuhlolwa njalo nokushintshwa kwamabhethri ngesikhathi kubalulekile ekunakekeleni.
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I-Electronics ne-Software:
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o Izingxenye zangaphakathi zihlaziya isigqi senhliziyo futhi zilawule ukulethwa kokushaqeka.
o Amamodeli athuthukile angase abe nezici ezifana nokugcinwa kwedatha kanye nokudluliswa kokuhlaziywa kwangemuva komcimbi.
4. Izinhlobo zama-AED
Ama-AED eza ngamamodeli ahlukahlukene aklanyelwe ukufanela izindawo nabasebenzisi abahlukahlukene:
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I-Public Access AEDs:
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o Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zomphakathi njengezikhumulo zezindiza, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nasezikoleni.
o Aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa abantu abavamile abanokuqeqeshwa okuncane, okuqukethe imiyalelo elula nezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo.
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Ama-AED ochwepheshe:
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o Esetshenziswa ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nabaphenduli besimo esiphuthumayo, lawa mamodeli angase anikeze izici ezithuthuke kakhulu ezifana nokubhala ngaphezulu mathupha kanye namazinga aphezulu okushaqeka kwamandla.
o Zivame ukuba yingxenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-ambulensi nasezibhedlela.
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Ama-AED asekhaya:
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o Amanye ama-AED aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, enikeza ukuthula kwengqondo emindenini esengozini yokuboshwa kungazelelwe kwenhliziyo.
o Lawa mamodeli ahlangene futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa, alungele izilungiselelo ezingezona ezomsebenzi.
5. Ukubaluleka kwama-AED Ezimeni Eziphuthumayo
Ukuba khona kanye nokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwe-AED kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe:
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Ukuzwela Isikhathi:
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o Amathuba okusinda ehla cishe ngo-10% ngomzuzu ngamunye ukuwohloka kwe-fibrillation kuyabambezeleka ngemva kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
o Ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha kwe-AED kungaphinda kabili noma kathathu amathuba okusinda uma kuqhathaniswa nokulinda izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ukuze zifike.
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Ukufinyeleleka:
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o Izinhlelo ze-AED zokufinyelela emphakathini zihlose ukubeka lezi zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinethrafikhi ephezulu futhi ziqeqeshe abantu abaphansi ukuthi bazisebenzise.
o Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-AED atholakala kalula futhi abantu ngabanye bayazi ngendawo yabo nokusebenzisa kungasindisa ukuphila.
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Izindaba zempumelelo:
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o Kunezimo eziningi lapho ukungenelela okusheshayo kwe-AED kuvuselele ngempumelelo abantu ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.
o Imizamo yokuqwashisa umphakathi nokuqeqesha iholele ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-AED kanye namazinga okusinda emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele.
6. Isetshenziswa kanjani i-AED
Ukusebenzisa i-AED kuhilela inqubo eqondile, ngokuvamile esekelwa yizwi elivela kudivayisi:
1. Hlola Ukusabela: Qinisekisa ukuthi umuntu uqulekile futhi akaphefumuli noma uyahefuzela kuphela.
2. Shayela Usizo: Izaziso zezimo eziphuthumayo (911) futhi uthole i-AED.
3. Vula i-AED: Landela imiyalo yezwi.
4. Namathisela ama-Pads: Beka ama-adhesive pads esifubeni esingenalutho sesiguli njengoba kubonisiwe (ngokuvamile esifubeni esiphezulu kwesokudla kanye nohlangothi olungezansi kwesokunxele).
5. Hlaziya Isigqi: Vumela i-AED ukuthi ihlaziye isigqi senhliziyo.
6. Deliver Shock: Uma uyalwa, qiniseka ukuthi akekho othinta isiguli bese ucindezela inkinobho yokushaqeka.
7. Qhubeka Nokunakekela: Landela eminye imiyalelo evela ku-AED, engahlanganisa ukwenza i-CPR.
7. Isondlo Nokuqeqeshwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-AED isilungele ukusetshenziswa kubandakanya ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo:
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Ukuhlola Okuvamile:
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o Hlola izinkomba zesimo sedivayisi njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-AED iyasebenza.
o Shintsha amabhethri namaphedi njengoba kudingeka, ngokujwayelekile ngokwezincomo zomkhiqizi.
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Ukuqeqesha:
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o Nakuba ama-AED enzelwe ukuthi asebenziseke kalula, ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kungakhuphula ukuzethemba nokusebenza kahle ekusebenziseni kwawo.
o Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izifundo zokuqeqesha ze-CPR kanye ne-AED, ezihlinzeka ngamakhono abalulekile kwabangahle bahlenge.
8. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezomthetho Nokuziphatha
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-AED kusekelwa imithetho yamaSamariya Omuhle ezifundeni eziningi, ivikela labo abasiza ezimeni eziphuthumayo:
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Imithetho Emihle YamaSamariya:
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o Le mithetho ikhuthaza ababukele ukuthi basize ngaphandle kokwesaba imiphumela engokomthetho, inqobo nje uma benza ngendlela enengqondo futhi ngaphakathi kokuqeqeshwa kwabo.
o Ukuqonda izivikelo ezingokomthetho zendawo kunganika abantu abaningi amandla okusebenzisa ama-AED uma kudingeka.
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Ukubeka kanye nokuzibophezela:
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o Izinhlangano ezifaka ama-AED ezindaweni zomphakathi kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi ayafinyeleleka futhi ayanakekelwa.
o Izimpawu ezicacile kanye nezinhlelo zokuqwashisa umphakathi zibalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe i-AED ngempumelelo.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ama-AED angamathuluzi abalulekile ekulweni nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe. Ikhono labo lokubuyisela ngokushesha isigqi senhliziyo esivamile lingasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Ngokwandisa ukufinyelela komphakathi kuma-AED kanye nokukhuthaza imfundo ngokusetshenziswa kwawo, imiphakathi ingathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono ayo okuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo futhi isindise izimpilo eziningi.
