Emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukulahlwa okufanele kwemfucuza yezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu. Izikhungo zezokwelapha zikhiqiza imfucuza eningi engaba yingozi enkulu empilweni yomphakathi kanye nemvelo uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele. Kulapho izishisi zezokwelapha zidlala khona indima ebalulekile.
Izishisi zezokwelapha zingamathuluzi akhethekile aklanyelwe ukulahla ngokuphepha nangempumelelo izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza yezokwelapha. Lezi mfucumfucu zihlanganisa imijovo esetshenzisiwe, izinaliti, amagilavu okuhlinzwa, amabhandeshi, nezinye izinto ezingase zingcoliswe amagciwane, amakhemikhali, noma izinto ezikhipha imisebe. Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezifanele zokulahla, le mfucumfucu ingaba yindawo yokuzalanisa izifo futhi ibe usongo olukhulu emphakathini.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani izishisi zezokwelapha zibalulekile ezikhungweni zezempilo amandla azo okucekela phansi amagciwane. Imfucuza eminingi yezokwelapha ingcoliswe amagciwane, amagciwane, namanye amagciwane angabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu. Izishisi zezokwelapha zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngokuvamile asukela ku-850 kuya ku-1200 degrees Celsius. Lokhu kushisa okuphezulu kwanele ukubhubhisa ama-agent amaningi athathelwanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abenzi ingozi empilweni yomphakathi.
Ngokwesibonelo, imijovo nezinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe zingaba umthombo wezifo ezitholakala egazini njengesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C, ne-HIV. Uma lezi zimpahla zingalahlwa ngendlela efanele, zingahlaba ngephutha abasebenzi bezempilo noma zicoshwe ama-scavenger, okuholela ekubhebhethekeni kwalezi zifo. Izishisi zezokwelapha ziqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinto okungenzeka zitheleleke zibhujiswa ngokuphelele, zinciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa.
Esinye isici esibalulekile semishini yokushiswa kwemishini yezokwelapha yikhono lazo lokuphatha imfucuza yezokwelapha ehlukahlukene. Izikhungo zezempilo zikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile kanye nezidingo zokulahla. Izishisi zezokwelapha zenzelwe ukuphatha le mfucumfucu ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imfucuza yezifo, izinto ezibukhali, imithi, kanye nemfucuza yamakhemikhali.
Imfucuza ye-pathological, njengezicubu nezitho zomuntu, idinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile ngenxa yamandla azo okuthwala amagciwane. Izishisi zezokwelapha zingacekela phansi lezi mfucumfucu ngokuphepha, zinciphise ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo. Ama-Sharps, njengezinaliti nama-scalpels, nawo ayinkinga enkulu njengoba engabangela ukubhoboza ngengozi. Izishisi zezokwelapha zingalahla ngokuphephile lezi zinto ezibukhali, zivikele ukulimala kanye nokusabalala kwezifo.
Imfucumfucu yemithi, okuhlanganisa nemithi ephelelwe yisikhathi noma engasetshenziswanga, ingaba yingozi emvelweni uma ingalahlwanga ngendlela efanele. Izishisi zezokwelapha zingabhubhisa lezi mfucumfucu, zivimbele ukuthi zingangeni emanzini noma emhlabathini. Imfucumfucu yamakhemikhali, njengezibulala-magciwane nezinto zokuhlanza, nayo ingalahlwa ngokuphepha kusetshenziswa izishisi zezokwelapha.
Manje, ake sibhekisise isimiso sokusebenza somshini wokushisela umlilo. Izishisi zezokwelapha zisebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla okushisa aphezulu ukuze zibhidlize futhi zicekele phansi imfucuza yezokwelapha. Imfucuza ilayishwa egunjini lokushisisa, lapho ichayeka khona ekushiseni okukhulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu libangela ukuba imfucuza ibole ibe umlotha, amagesi, nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo.
Amagesi akhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokushiswa abe esedluliswa ochungechungeni lwezihlungi kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okuyingozi. Lawa masistimu okwelapha angase ahlanganise ama-scrubber, ama-catalytic converters, nama-electrostatic precipitators. Amagesi alashwayo abe esededelwa emkhathini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayahlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo.
Umlotha osele ngemva kwenqubo yokushiswa ngokuvamile ulahlwa endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma kwenye indawo yokulahla efanele. Umlotha awusebenzi futhi ubeka engcupheni encane endaweni ezungezile uma uqhathaniswa nodoti wokuqala wezokwelapha.
Ngaphezu kokucekela phansi izinto ezithathelwanayo nokuphatha imfucuza ehlukahlukene, izishisi zezokwelapha nazo zinikeza izinzuzo zemvelo. Lapho imfucumfucu yezokwelapha ishiswa endaweni elawulwayo, ukukhishwa kwegesi kubhekwa ngokucophelela futhi kulashwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni. Izishisi zesimanje zezokwelapha zifakelwe izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlunga ezisusa izinto ezingcolisayo ezinjengama-dioxin nama-furan.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izishisi zezokwelapha zinganciphisa umthamo wemfucuza yezokwelapha, zenze kube lula ukuphatha nokuthutha. Lokhu kungasiza izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi zonge ezindlekweni zokulahla futhi zinciphise indawo yazo ezungezile.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izishisi zezokwelapha kufanele zisetshenziswe futhi zigcinwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwazo. Izikhungo zezempilo kufanele zilandele imihlahlandlela eqinile nemithethonqubo yokusebenza kwezishishi zezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi, ukugcinwa njalo kwemishini, nokuqapha ukukhishwa kwegesi.
Sengiphetha, izishisi zezokwelapha zibalulekile ezikhungweni zezempilo njengoba zinikeza indlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokulahla imfucuza yezokwelapha. Ngokucekela phansi izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuphatha imfucuza ehlukahlukene, nokuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo zemvelo, izindawo zokushiswa kwempahla zezokwelapha zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo. Njengoba imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo iqhubeka nokukhula, ukubaluleka kokulahlwa kwemfucuza yezokwelapha ngendlela efanele kusetshenziswa izishisi zezokwelapha akunakugcizelelwa.
