M'malo azaumoyo, oyenera kutaziyika bwino. Madokodi azachipatala amapanga zinyalala zambiri zomwe zimatha kupanga zoopsa zazikulu za thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe ngati sichingayende bwino. Uku ndi komwe akunja azachipatala amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri.
Ojambula zamankhwala ndi zida zapadera zopangidwa bwinobwino komanso kutaya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala zachipatala. Zinyalala izi zimaphatikizapo ma syringe, singano, mavesi opanga zopangira zopangira zopangira zopangira, zomangira, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingadetsedwe ndi matenda opatsirana, mankhwala, kapena zida zothandizira. Popanda njira zotayidwa, mafoshowa amatha kukhala malo osungira matenda ndikuwopseza anthu ammudzi.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimafunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala ndizofunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zipatala ndi kuthekera kwawo kuwononga matenda opatsirana. Zida zambiri zamankhwala zimadetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, komanso tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matenda akulu. Ojambula zamankhwala amagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kumayambira kuyambira 850 mpaka 1200 digiri Celsius. Kutentha kwambiri kumeneku ndikokwanira kuwononga ogwiritsa ntchito matenda opatsirana, kuonetsetsa kuti sawononga thanzi la anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, masingano ndi singano amathanso kudwala magazi monga hepatitis B, hepatitis c, ndi HIV. Ngati zinthuzi sizikukhumudwitsidwa, zimatha mwangozi ogwira nawo ntchito kapena atatengedwa ndi scavenger, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kufalikira kwa matendawa. Okonda zamankhwala akuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zopatsirapo zomwe zitha kuwonongedwa kwathunthu, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kufala.
Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri yamalonda azachipatala ndiyo kuthekera kwawo kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Maudindo azaumoyo amapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala, iliyonse yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera ndi zotengera. Ojambula zamankhwala adapangidwa kuti azigwira izi zosiyanasiyanazi, kuphatikizapo ma inshuological, avepps, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi masinthidwe a mankhwala.
Mapulogalamu athanzi, monga minyewa ya anthu ndi ziwalo za anthu, zimafunikira ntchito yapadera chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kunyamula matenda opatsirana. Olankhula zamankhwala amatha kuwononga zinyalala izi mosavuta, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kufalikira. Sharps, monga singano ndi zikwangwani, ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kupangitsa kuti zisanduke ndalama mwangozi. Olankhula zamankhwala amatha kutaya izi mosamala kwambiri, kupewa kuvulala komanso kufalikira kwa matenda.
Mankhwala opangira mankhwala, kuphatikiza mankhwala omaliza kapena osagwiritsidwa ntchito, amathanso kuyika chiopsezo cha chilengedwe ngati sichikukutane bwino. Ojambula zamankhwala amatha kuwononga zinyalala izi, kuziletsa kulowa madzi kapena nthaka. Mankhwala a mankhwala, monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kuyeretsa, amathanso kukhala otayidwa mosamala kugwiritsa ntchito ojambula.
Tsopano, tiyeni tiwone mwachidule mfundo yogwira ntchito yazachipatala. Ogwira ntchito zamankhwala amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuti agwetse ndikuwononga zinyalala. Zinyalala zimakwezedwa m'chipinda cholumikizira, komwe kumawonekera kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa zinyalala kuti ziwongolere phulusa, mpweya, ndi zina zophatikizika.
Mipweya yomwe imapangidwa nthawi yoyaka imadutsa pazosefera zingapo ndi machitidwe othandizira kuchotsa zoopsa. Makinawa angaphatikizepo kuphatikizira otembenuka, otembenuza, komanso magetsi oyendetsa magetsi. Ming'alu yochitidwayo imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, kuonetsetsa kuti akukwaniritsa miyezo yachilengedwe.
Phulusa lomwe likutsalira pambuyo pa njira yolumikizira nthawi zambiri imatayidwa m'malo ena kapena malo ena oyenera. Phulusalo limakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha chilengedwe poyerekeza ndi zinyalala zoyambirira zachipatala.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwononga othandizira opatsirana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi osiyanasiyana, othandizira azachipatala amapindulanso ndi zachilengedwe. Makampani azachipatala atawotchedwa m'malo olamulidwa, kutuluka kumayang'aniridwa mosamala ndikuthandizidwa kuchepetsa zomwe zingakuthandizeni. Ochita zamakono azachipatala amakhala ndi makina okwezeka omwe amachotsa zodetsa zovulaza monga dioxins ndi furans.
Kuphatikiza apo, othandizira azachipatala amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu zamankhwala, ndikupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuwongolera ndi kunyamula. Izi zitha kuthandiza malo azaumoyo opulumutsa pamagetsi otayidwa ndikuchepetsa phazi lawo.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akuthupi azachipatala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusungidwa bwino kuonetsetsa kuti awononge bwino. Malo azaumoyo ayenera kutsatira malangizo okhwimitsa komanso malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa koyenera kwa ogwira ntchito, kukonza zida, ndi kuwunikira za mpweya.
Pomaliza, othandizira azachipatala ndikofunikira kuti azipatala akamapereka njira yotetezeka komanso yabwino yochotsera zinyalala zachipatala. Powononga matenda opatsirana, amagwiritsa ntchito ma cunters osiyanasiyana, ndi kupereka chilengedwe, othandiza azachipatala amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri poteteza thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Monga makampani ogulitsa azaumoyo akupitilizabe, kufunikira kwa zinyalala zoyenera zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito ojambula zamankhwala sikungafanane.
