Kodi pampu ya kulowetsedwa ndi chiyani?
Pampu ya kulowetsedwa ndi chipangizo cha zamankhwala chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri muzaumoyo zamakono. Kufanana ndi bokosi la mabokosi ndi chiwonetsero cha digito komanso mabatani angapo owongolera, zitha kuwoneka kuti sizingamveke poyambirira. Komabe, tanthauzo lake silingafanane. Imakhala yodziwika bwino kuti ithe kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala, kuonetsetsa molondola komanso mosasintha. Mu chipatala cha ikuluikulu, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona izi kuyika pa IV Poles, ochulukitsa kwawo mpaka odwala, mwakachetechete koma modekha adagwira ntchito yothandiza moyo.
Mapampu kulowetsedwa ndi ngwazi zosagwirizana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala. Ganizirani wodwala mu unit yolimba (ICU) omwe amafunikira kupezeka kwa mankhwala opulumutsa moyo, monga Vasopiressers kuti asunge magazi. Pampa amatsimikizira kuti dontho lililonse lamtengo wapatali la mankhwalawa limaperekedwa ndendende ndi adotolo, mphindi pakatha mphindi, popanda kulephera. Mu dipatimenti ya Oncology, mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amafunikira dosing moyenera kuti ikhale yogwira mtima pochepetsa zotsatira zoyipa, zimaperekedwanso kudzera kulowetsedwa mapampi. Ngakhale m'makhadi azachipatala, chifukwa odwala omwe amafunikira kuti amadzibwezeretse matenda oyambira kuwonongeka kapena ma elecrolyte kukula, pampuyi zimatsimikizira kuti zokhazikika komanso zoyeza. Mwakutero, lakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri, kulimbikitsa kulondola ndi chitetezo cha mutsetse mtsempha wa mtsempha wa magazi ndikupereka chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe odwala amalandila bwino.
Malangizo a Ntchito ya Kulowetsa Kulowetsa
Pachimake pachimake, pampu kulowetsedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kuphatikiza kwa kupanikizika, kuwongolera kutentha, ndi makina otetezera alamu. Pampm wamba kulowetsedwa imakhala ndi mankhwala a microcompipt, makina ampope, kuwunikira masensa, alarm, ndi kulowetsa kulowererapo. A Microomputer imasunga ngati 'ubongo, ' kukonza deta ndi kutumiza malamulo. Pulogalamu ya pampu, nthawi zambiri pampu yapeweka kapena dongosolo loyendetsedwa ndi pisitoni, limapereka mphamvu yofunikira kusuntha madziwo.
Ma tynerasi opindika amakonda kusewera. Nthawi zonse amayang'anira kukakamizidwa mkati mwa kulowetsedwa kubing. Ngati kupanikizika kumatsika pansipa, mwina chifukwa cha chubu cholumikizira kapena chikwama chopanda kanthu, pampu amatha kudziwa izi ndikuyambitsa alamu. Komanso, ngati kupanikizika, kuwonetsa kutchinga komwe kungachitike, pampu imayankha mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo omwe wodwala amakhala ndi mzere wa IV, sensor imatha kusintha kusintha kwa Millisecont, ndipo pampomyo amawulutsa kulowetsedwa ndikuwonetsa kuvulaza, kupewa mavuto.
Kuyendetsa Choyenda ndi gawo lina. Pampuli molondola amayang'anira liwiro lomwe limatulutsa madzi. Izi zimatheka kudzera muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Posintha liwiro lozungulira la popu, mtengo woyenda umatha kukhala wabwino kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zina mwa wodwala. Mu gawo la chemotherapy, pomwe kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe ndi nthawi yovuta, kuponderezedwa kwa mankhwala a cytotootic kumatsimikizira kwenikweni zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chokhala ndi chiopsezo.
Dongosolo loteteza lalamu ndiye netrite. Imagwirizanitsa ma alamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi batire yotsika, chidebe chamadzimadzi chopanda kanthu, thovu la mpweya mu mzere, ndikupatuka. Alarms awa adapangidwa kuti agwire zovuta zomwe zingachitike. M'chipatala chapita kuchipatala, ma alamu omveka komanso owoneka nthawi yomweyo amayang'ana mofulumira. Mfundo yogwira ntchito imayenderana yogwira ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito yopanga chida chodalirika komanso chodziwika bwino mu mankhwala amakono.
Ntchito Zodziwika za kulowetsedwa mapampu
Kulowetsedwa kwamankhwala
M'malo mwa mankhwala azachipatala, kulowetsedwa mapampu ndi osavomerezeka. Pazomwe zimachitika kudzera mu inratusineous, amapereka gawo lolondola lomwe kusintha kwamanja sikungafanane. Mu chipatala cha General, pamene wodwala akuchira chifukwa chochita opaleshoni kuti azikhala ndi ma hydration ndi electrolyte malo abwino, pampu ina amatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa kusanaku komwe kumafunikira. Izi zimathetsa zoloserazo ndikulakwitsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa madambo.
Kuthandizira kwa zakudya ndi gawo linanso. Panthawi ya odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, iwo omwe achita opaleshoni yayikulu yam'mimba, kapena anthu omwe sangathe kudya chakudya pakamwa, nthawi zambiri ndi zakudya nthawi zambiri. Kulowetsedwa mapampu bwino kumawongolera njira zokwanira zolemera, khalani ndi njira zovuta zokhala ndi mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta, mavitamini, ndi michere. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti wodwalayo amalandira kuchuluka kwa michere popanda kuwononga kapena kuwaza. Pokhala ndi malo osamalira nthawi yayitali, wodwala yemwe amadwala zovuta zosemerera amatha kudalira pampu kulowetsedwa kuti alandire chithandizo chofunikira kuti akhalebe olimba komanso amakhala bwino.
Kulowetsedwa mankhwala mwina ndikomwe kufunikira kwa kulowetsedwa mapampu kumawala. Mankhwala a chemotherapy, monga tanena kale, amafuna kuti dosing dosing. Zomwezi zimapitanso kwa mankhwala ena ambiri amphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa a kulephera kwa mtima, mankhwala monga dobutamine kapena milrinone ayenera kuthiridwa pamlingo wapadera kwambiri kuti athetse mtima ntchito. Kuchepetsa pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo wodwalayo sangayankhe mokwanira; Kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa monga arrhythmias. Kulowetsedwa mapampu kumapangitsa kuti kuyenda mu mzere wabwino uja, kupulumutsa mankhwala opulumutsa moyo ndi kulondola kwa chithunzi.
Zochitika Zapadera
Mu unit oyang'anira chisamaliro (ICU), odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala m'dera lovuta, miyoyo yawo imangidwa ndi ulusi. Apa, kulowetsedwa mapampu ndikofunikira kuti apereke mitundu yambiri yamankhwala nthawi imodzi. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la septic angafunikire Vosopiressers kuti asunge magazi, maantibayotiki kuti athe kulimbana ndi matenda, komanso snyewa kuti azikhala omasuka. Pampu yolowetsedwa imatha kusungira njira zingapo, aliyense wophunzitsidwa bwino kuti apereke mankhwala olondola pa mlingo woyenera ndi muyezo. Kuyambitsidwa ndi infusions angapo ndikofunikira pakukhazikika kwa wodwalayo ndikuwapatsa mwayi wolimbana nawo.
Chisamaliro cha ana chimapereka zovuta zake. Ana, makamaka makanda ndi ana, amakhala ndi madzi ambiri amadzimadzi komanso makina ochulukirapo. Kulowetsedwa mapampi omwe anapangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito a ana amatha kusintha mitengo yotsika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa ndi madzi amathandizidwa mu Minuscule koma ndalama zolondola. Kwa mwana wosakwatiwa mu unit-neonatal distrit (Nicu) omwe akufunika kupezeka kwa mankhwalawa kuti athandizire ziwalo zawo zopanda chiyembekezo, pampuyo ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti iperekedwe tizigawo a milliliter pa ola limodzi, ndikutchinjiriza moyo wosalimba.
Pa opaleshoni, kusunga mulingo wokhazikika wothandizira m'magazi a wodwalayo ndikofunikira. Kulowetsedwa mapampi amalola odzolastesulogists a kuwongolera kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati propeofol. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo asabere komanso mopweteketsa ena onse ochita opaleshoni popanda chiopsezo chadzidzidzi kapena kukhazikika kwakukulu. Kutha kutsanzikana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri kwa wodwala komanso kupita patsogolo kwa opaleshoniyo ndi masewera oyeserera pamasewera amakono.
Ngakhale m'mayikidwe a labotale, kulowetsedwa mapampu amapeza zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Mwa zoyesa za cell, mwachitsanzo, komwe sing'anga yapakatikati kapena yoyeserera ikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku maselo pamlingo wolamulidwa kwakanthawi, mapampu kulowetsedwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimathandizira ofufuza kuti aphunzire machitidwe a maselo atakhala mikhalidwe yotsimikizika komanso yolamulidwa, zimapangitsa kuti zipezeke zolondola zasayansi.
Kupitilira Mankhwala: Kugwiritsa ntchito mosagwirizana ndi kulowetsedwa mapampu
Kutumiza Kwakudya
Kupitilira gawo la chisamaliro chodekha, mapampu kulowetsedwa kwapeza ntchito zabwino kwambiri m'magawo ena. M'dera la zakudya, kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, monga mahekitala aafupi kapena m'mimba, omwe sangathe kuyamwa michere kudzera mu michere yopatsirana. Zakudya za makolo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa osakaniza amino acid mosamala, milomo, chakudya, mavitamini, ndi michere mwachindunji m'magazi, amadalira potumiza pang'onopang'ono komanso osasunthika. Izi zimafanana ndi mayamwidwe achilengedwe omwe amapezeka m'matumbo, kulola thupi kugwiritsa ntchito michereyi popanda kuwononga madera.
Mwa zina mwazinthu zapadera zodyedwa, monga odwala omwe akuchira pachifuwa chachikulu, pomwe zoperewera za thupi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo kugaya mapapu amatha kuwongolera njira zopangira michere. Mayankho awa atha kukhala ndi ma amino acid omwe amathandizira kukonza minofu, ma antioxidants owonjezera kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo ma elekitironi a electrolyte okonda kusungitsa madzimadzi. Kutha kwa kampu kubweretsa zosemphana ndi zinthu zovuta izi pamlingo wolamulidwa ndikofunikira pakulimbikitsa machiritso ndikuletsa zovuta zomwe zimagwirizana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuwononga.
Kuyendetsa Mankhwala Kuyendetsa Malonda
Pansi yasayansi, mapampu kulowetsedwa kwasayansi atuluka ngati zida zofunika. Mu mankhwala synthesis, pamene zochita zimafuna kuwonjezera kwenikweni kwa ma reagents pa nthawi yake, mapampu kulowetsedwa amapereka chitsimikizo chosayerekezeka. Ganizirani za polymerization zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso zowongolera zowonjezera monomer ndizofunikira kuti mukwaniritse kutalika kwa polymer polymer ndi katundu. Pampuyo imatha kupangidwa kuti itulutse monomer pamlingo wa microlliers pamphindi, kusunga bwino kwambiri pazomwe zimachitika. Mulingowu wolondola umachotsa kusinthasintha komwe kumatha kuchitika ndi zowonjezera zamanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsatira zabwino komanso zodalirika.
Mu chemistry chemistry, makamaka maluso monga ma chromatophraphgraphys a chromatororesis, mapikidwe a kulowetsedwa, mapampu kulowetsedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa zitsanzo ndi ma tepu olekanitsa. Pampoyo amachiritsa mtengo wokhazikika, womwe ndi wofunikira pakupatukana ndi kuzindikira mosamala. Munthawi yayitali ya ma chpomatography (HPLC) yocheperako, kusiyanasiyana kochepa mu gawo lam'manja kumatha kuyambitsa mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimasanthula. Kulowetsedwa mapampu ndi kuwongolera kokhazikika kumapewa zolakwa zotere, kulola ofufuza kuti apeze deta yapamwamba ndikupanga mawu omaliza asayansi.
Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mapampu
Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito mapapu kulowetsedwa, zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi otetezeka. Choyamba, kutsatira madongosolo azachipatala kuti osakambirana. Dokotala amalemba mtundu wa madzimadzi, kulowetsedwa, komanso kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa wodwalayo. Anamwino ndi ogwira ntchito zina zamankhwala ayenera kupereka mankhwala kulowetsedwa mu kulowetsedwa moyenerera, kuwunika kowirikiza kawiri kuti ateteze zolakwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu United Cardiac Care, molakwika pang'ono mu kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala a mtima amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwa wodwalayo.
Njira zoyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera ndizofunikira chimodzimodzi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, kuyendera mosamala kwa pampu, mabisi, ndi zolumikizira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kapena zolakwika. Pa kulowetsedwa, macheke okhazikika amayenera kuchitika kuti ayang'anire mtengo woyenda, penyani zizindikiro zilizonse za kutaya, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo atonthoze. M'mayiko a ana, komwe ana angakhale okonda kwambiri, chisamaliro chowonjezera chimayenera kutengedwa kuti ateteze tulo ndikupewa mwangozi.
Kukonza pafupipafupi ndiko njira yotalikirapo yothira mapampu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa kwa nthawi kuti muchepetse nkhuni ndi mabakiteriya, kabungwe kuti mukhalebe olondola, ndipo mabatani a batri kuti apewe zolephera zosayembekezeka. M'chipatala chotanganidwa, magulu odzipereka odzipereka a biomedal amagwira ntchito yokonza kuti mapampu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu.
Pomaliza, kumvetsetsa ndi kuvomera mwachangu kwa ma alame ndikofunikira. Iliyonse, kaya ikuwonetsa batire yotsika, thumba lopanda kanthu, chubu chotchinga, kapena thovu la mpweya mu mzere, limafunikira chidwi. Ogwira ntchito zamankhwala ayenera kukhala odziwa bwino ntchito zomwe zingawasokoneze popanga mawu, onetsetsani kuti kulowetsedwa kumayambiranso bwino komanso motetezeka. Mwa kuona mosamala zokambirana izi, kuthekera kwa mapampu kulowetsedwa kumatha kumangidwa kuti apereke chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri.
Mapeto
Pomaliza, mphesa kulowetsedwa sichosachedwa potengera njira imodzi yomwe imangopereka mankhwala. Kukula kwake kumapitilira bwino, kumafooketsa mbali zosiyanasiyana zazaumoyo ndi kutaya ku Abedi ina yolimbikitsa ya sayansi ndi moyo. Kuchokera pamagulu osamalira odwala omwe amasungunulira mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapulumutsa, ku mabenchi omwe amathandizira kuti mankhwalawa athetseretu, komanso pampu wa odwala akuwonetsa nthawi yosiyanasiyana komanso mobwerezabwereza.
Monga ukadaulo ukupitirirabe, titha kuyembekezera ntchito zotsuka komanso zothandiza. Ndi chiyembekezo chathu kuti kufufuza kokwanira sikungangoganiza zogwira ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapapu pomvetsetsa zida zowonjezera zomwe sizikuyenda bwino. Nthawi ina mukamakumana ndi kupatuka kwa kulowetsedwa, simungaziyamikire ndi kuyamikira kwatsopano kwa zopereka zake.
