Chiyambi
Njira zamakono zamakono, kutalika - pafupipafupi - pafupipafupi elekisiriculargical. Ntchito zake zimakhala ndi minda yambiri yopangira opaleshoni, kuchokera ku Generge Generani kuti azikhala ndi microsies yapadera. Popanga mafunde okwera - pafupipafupi magetsi, amatha kudula moyenera kudzera mu minofu, amasunga zombo za m'magazi kuti zisule magazi, ngakhalenso kuchita njira zobisika. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yochita opaleshoni komanso imasinthanso kulondola kwa opareshoni, kubweretsa chiyembekezo chowonjezera cha odwala.
Komabe, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, vuto la kuwotcha loyambitsidwa ndi mayunitsi apamwamba - pafupipafupi ma elekisirigical. Kuwotcha kumeneku kumatha kuwonongeka kuchokera ku zowawa zotsika kwambiri zomwe zingayambitse - zovuta zomwe zimapezeka kwa odwala, monga matenda, kuperewera, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo. Kupezeka kwa kuwotcha kumene kumangokulitsa ululu wa wodwala komanso kutalika kwachipatala komanso kumapangitsa kuti opaleshoniyo ikhale yopambana.
Chifukwa chake, ndizofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zomwe zimafalikira powotchera mukamagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi apamwamba - pafupipafupi elecrosgical mayunitsi ndi njira zofanana komanso njira zodzitetezera. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kumvetsetsa bwino za nkhaniyi kwa ogwira ntchito azachipatala, zida zopangira zida zopangira opaleshoni, ndipo iwo omwe akufuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni, kuti achepetse chitetezo cha opaleshoni.
Kugwira Khalidwe Lokwera Kwambiri - Frequency Edictic Unit
Mkuluyo - pafupipafupi election elecrosargical imagwira ntchito kutengera kutembenuka kwamagetsi kutembenuka mu mphamvu yamafuta. Makina oyambira amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri - pafupipafupi (nthawi zambiri pamasamba 300 khz), zomwe zimakhala ndi minofu ya minofu yomwe imakhala yopanda 1000. Kuchuluka kwake - mawonekedwe a pafupipafupi kumatsimikizira kuti magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma elekitiroric omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi minyewa popanda kuyambitsa minyewa kapena mitsempha yofala ndi mafunde otsika.
Pamene okwera - pafupipafupi elekisiriculargical unit amayambitsidwa, madera amagetsi amakhazikitsidwa. Jenereta mu gawo la ma elecrourumgical unit amatulutsa zamagetsi wamba - zamagetsi pafupipafupi. Izi zikupezeka pano zimayenda mu chingwe chogwirizira chogwira, chomwe ndi gawo la chida chochita opaleshoni omwe amalumikizana ndi minofu. Ma electrode ogwira amapangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera zosowa zapa opaleshoni, monga tsamba - ma elekitirodi odulira kapena mpira - ma elekitirode opangidwa kuti agwirizane.
Makono atafika pamagawo ogwirizanitsa, amakumana ndi minofu. Matenda amunthu amakhala ndi zidengale. Malinga ndi lamulo la Joule (, kodi matenthedwe omwe amapangidwa ndi ndani, ndiye kuti akutsutsa, ndipo nthawi yayitali bwanji, kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumadutsa mphamvu yamafuta. Kutentha kolumikizana pakati pa electrode yogwira ndipo minyewa imakwera mwachangu.
Pa ntchito yodulira, kutentha - kutentha komwe kopangidwa ndi ma elekitirode ogwirizira (nthawi zambiri kumangofika kutentha pafupifupi 300 - 1000 ° C) Valarizitsani maselo a minofu munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Madzi mkati mwa maselo amasandulika kukhala nthunzi, ndikupangitsa maselo kuti aphulile ndikusiyana wina ndi mnzake, motero akukwaniritsa mphamvu ya kudula kwa minofu. Njirayi ikulongosoka kwambiri ndipo imatha kulamulidwa ndikusintha mphamvu ndi pafupipafupi gawo la malemekisi, komanso kuthamanga kwa electrode.
Ponena za hemostasis ntchito, yotsika - kukhazikitsa kwamphamvu nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi njira yodulira. Ma electrode atagwira zombo zamagazi, kutentha kopangidwa kumakhudza mapuloteni m'magazi ndi minofu yozungulira. Kuphatikizika kumeneku kumapanga chovala chomwe chimalepheretsa mtsempha wamagazi, kuyimitsa magazi. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino imagwirizananso ndi kuthekera kwa minofu yotha kutentha. Minyewa yosiyanasiyana ili ndi kukana kwamagetsi osiyanasiyana komanso kutentha - mayamwidwe, omwe akufunika kuganiziridwa pa nthawi yochita hemostasis yolimba kwambiri ndi minofu yozungulira.
Mwachidule, mawonekedwe apamwamba - pafupipafupi electrosgical Unit amagwiritsa ntchito matenthedwe omwe amapangidwa ndi minofu ya magetsi - pafupipafupi kudzera mu minofu yodula minofu ndi hemostasis, yomwe ndi tekinoloje yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pa opaleshoni yamakono.
Zofala zofala
Mbale - burns yokhudzana
Plate - Burns yokhudzana ndi mitundu wamba yamawonda yoyambitsidwa ndi mayunitsi apamwamba - pafupipafupi elekisirigical. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kutentha kwamtunduwu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kwa malo a mbale. Malinga ndi malamulo otetezeka, kachulukidwe kameneka pambale iyenera kukhala yocheperako. Mukamawerengera potengera mphamvu yayikulu ndikugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wovota, malo ocheperako ali, omwe ali otsika mtengo kwambiri wa malo a mbale. Ngati malo enieni omwe ali pakati pa mbale ndi wodwala amakhala wocheperako, chiopsezo cha kuwotcha mbale chidzachitika.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuchepetsedwa mu malo olumikizirana pakati pa mbale ndi wodwala. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa zinthu zamagetsi. Mbale zamagetsi zamagetsi ndizovuta ndipo zimatsatira kwambiri. Pa opareshoni, amadalira thupi lonse la wodwalayo kuti azikanikiza. Wodwala akasuntha, ndizovuta kutsimikizira kuti mbale yolumikizirana yolumikizirana, ndipo burns ikutha kuchitika. Mapulogalamu a gel osakaniza amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe azomwe amachititsa. Pamene chiwonetsero cha gel osautsa chimawuma kapena kuyikidwa pamalo onyowa khungu, amathanso kutentha wodwalayo. Ngakhale kuti zomata zomata - mbale zokutidwa ndi ma elekitirode zimagwirizana bwino komanso zomatira kwambiri, zomwe zingaonetsetse kuti malo olumikizirana, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika monga kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kumatha kubweretsa mavuto. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kumatha kuyambitsa mbale kuti ikhale yodetsedwa, yokhazikika, tsitsi, ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenda bwino. Mapulasitiki otha amatha kukhala ochepetsa zomatira komanso zochititsa chidwi, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha burns.
Kuphatikiza apo, komwe kuli mbaleyo kumakhudzanso malowa. Ngati mbaleyo ikayika gawo la thupi lokhala ndi tsitsi lochulukirapo, tsitsili limatha kukhala ngati wopatsa mphamvu, kukulitsa chombukiro ndi kachulukidwe kamene kalikonse kukwirira, kulepheretsa chipongwe chaposachedwa, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwa mafuta. Kuyika mbale kutchuka, kulumikizana, kuphatikizika, kapena malo ena omwe zimakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti dera lalikulu ndi lolumikizana lingathenso kuyambitsa mavuto. Kutchuka kwa Bony ndikovuta kuti zitsimikizire bwino kulumikizana ndikukhuza kufanana. Kupanikizika kwa otchuka otchuka kumakhala kotalikirana, ndipo kachulukidwe kameneka kakudutsa ndi kwakukulu, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha burns.
Zosakhala - mbale - zokhudzana
Zokwera kwambiri - radiation pafupipafupi
Kutentha kwambiri - kuwotcha pafupipafupi kumachitika pomwe wodwala amakhala kapena miyendo yawo imalumikizana ndi zinthu zachitsulo pakugwira ntchito. Magawo apamwamba - pafupipafupi ma elekisiricgical mayunitsi amphamvu amapanga minda yolimba kwambiri - pafupipafupi election electromaagnetic. Pamene chitsulo chimapezeka mu gawo la electromaagnetic, mawonekedwe a electromaagnetic amachitika. Malinga ndi lamulo la Faraday la elekitromacatromagnetic (, komwe kuli mphamvu yamagetsi, ndiye kuchuluka kwa coil, ndipo kodi kuchuluka kwa magnetic flux), komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chitsulo. Izi zitha kuthira moto wam'derali ndi minofu yozungulira.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala avala mkato wachitsulo kapena chigamba cha opaleshoni, kapena ngati chida cha zitsulo mwangozi chimagwira thupi la wodwala, wotsekedwa - Gawo lotsekedwa - mdera la wodwalayo. Wokwera kwambiri - mafala omwe alipo mu zamagetsi mu gawo ili, ndipo chifukwa cha mtanda waung'ono - malo am'mimba okhudzana pakati pa chitsulo ndi minofu, kuchuluka kwa minofu mpaka pano kuli kwakukulu. Malinga ndi lamulo la Joule (), kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa munthawi yochepa, komwe kungayambitse kuwotcha kwambiri kwa wodwala.
Madera achidule - magesiit
Mabwalo achidule - mabwalo amathanso kuwotcha panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri - pafupipafupi election elecsurgical. Musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizocho, ngati wothandizirayo walephera kuwona ngati mzere uliwonse ndiwovuta, mavuto amatha. Mwachitsanzo, zokhotakhota zakunja kwa chingwe zitha kuwonongeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito - chosungira chosayenera, kapena mphamvu zakunja, ndikuwonetsa mawaya. Mawaya owonekera atakumananso ndi wina ndi mnzake kapena ndi zinthu zina, zazifupi - zigawo zimachitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbale yolimba, ngati zapamwamba sizichotsedwa munthawi yake, zimatha kusokoneza mawonekedwe amagetsi ndi kungokhala kwa magwiridwe antchito. Popita nthawi, izi zitha kubweretsa mawonekedwe a njira yodziwika pakati pa mbale ndi madera ena a dera, ndikupangitsa kuti madera azikhala ofupikirapo. Kusamalira pafupipafupi ndi munthu wodzipereka ndikofunikira. Popanda kuyang'ana komanso kukonza, kuthana ndi madera sangathe kupembedzera, monga kumasuka, ndi zina zambiri.
Pakafupifupi - madera opezeka, omwe ali m'derali adzachulukana mwadzidzidzi. Malinga ndi lamulo la ohm (, kuli kuti komweko, ndiye voliyumu, ndipo ndi kukana), pomwe kukana pafupi - gawo la madera litachepa kwambiri. Kuchulukana mwadzidzidzi komwe kumatha kuyambitsa mawaya ndi zigawo za mderali, ndipo ngati kutentha sikungasungunuke kwakanthawi, kudzasamukira kumalekezero a wodwalayo, chifukwa chowotchera.
Otsika - pafupipafupi
Kutsika kwambiri - kuwopa pafupipafupi kumachitika chifukwa cha zochitika ziwiri wamba. Imodzi ndi pamene mpeni - chingwe chamutu chimasweka. Wokwera kwambiri - pafupipafupi omwe alipo mu gawo la malekirourorgical amayenera kuyenda pang'onopang'ono chingwe chotsimikizika kwa mpeniwo kwa mpeniwo - mutu. Komabe, chingwecho chimasweka, njira yapano imasokonekera. Kumapeto kwa chingwecho, amayesera kuti apeze njira yatsopano, yomwe imatsogolera ku mapangidwe a spark. Izi zimapanga mpukutali - mafunde pafupipafupi.
Zinthu zina ndi pamene gawo la masilekirourgication limagwiridwa pafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dokotalayo akuyamba ndikusiya gawo la malembedwe mwachangu, monga kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza batani kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo de - kuyambitsa kungayambitse kuchepa pang'ono. Ngakhale spark iliyonse ingaoneke yaying'ono, ikadzaza pakapita nthawi, zimatha kutsika pang'ono - kuwotcha pafupipafupi.
Kuvulaza kotsika - ma frequency spark ndiofunika. Yosiyana ndi kutalika kwapamwamba - mafayilo omwe amakhalapo owotcha omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba, otsika - pafupipafupi - pafupipafupi - kuyala Buy kumatha kukhala owopsa monga momwe angakhudzire ziwalo zamkati. Mwachitsanzo, otsika - pafupipafupi - pafupipafupi - ndalama zomwe zilipo zimalowa m'thupi kudzera mu chingwe chosweka kapena chogwirira ntchito pafupipafupi - chingapangitse mtima, zimakhudza mwachindunji mtima. Mtima umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiritso zamagetsi, komanso zotsika kwambiri - mafunde pafupipafupi amatha kusokoneza madongosolo am'magetsi a mtima, ndipo zimayambitsa arrhythmias, komanso oopsa, kumangidwa kwamtima.
Kulumikizana ndi zakumwa zoyaka
M'malo ogwirira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amamwa zakumwa zina zoyaka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa misala, monga ayodini tincycture ndi mowa. Magawo apamwamba - pafupipafupi ma elekisiricgical mayunitsi opanga ma spark pakugwira ntchito. Izi zikakumana ndi zakumwa zoyaka, zomwe zingachitike.
Mowa, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi malo ocheperako. Kumwa - kunyozedwa disin distiction kumasiyidwa ndi mowa wambiri, ndipo kumachepetsa cholekana kwambiri m'malo ogwirira ntchito, ndipo pali mowa wambiri mu malo ogwirira ntchito, ndipo masitima azomwe ali ndi zoletsedwa kwambiri mu malo opaka, mpweya woledzera mlengalenga umatha kutsegulidwa. Kamodzi, moto umatha kufalikira mwachangu, osati kungowotcha khungu la wodwala komanso kuwononga chitetezo cha chipinda chonse chogwiririra. Njira yoyatsira yoyaka imatha kufotokozedwa ndi mankhwala a mankhwala a mtundu wa zakumwa zoledzeretsa:. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwakukulu kumatulutsidwa, komwe kungayambitse kuwotcha kwambiri kwa minofu yozungulira ndipo kungawononge zida zopangira opaleshoni ndi malo ogwirira ntchito zogulitsira.
Njira Zopewera
Wodwala - mogwirizana
Wodwala asanalowe m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito, chowonjezera chokwanira chisanachitike - kuwunika kwa ntchito kuyenera kuchitika. Choyamba, zinthu zonse zachitsulo, monga miyala yamtengo wapatali (m'khosi, mphete, mphete), magalasi anyezi - ndi zitsulo zilizonse - zokhala ndi zowonjezera, ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Zinthu zachitsulo izi zimatha kukhala ngati zomwe zimachitika mmwamba kwambiri - pafupipafupi zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi gawo la malekitala, zomwe zimatsogolera m'badwo wa chipata chokhazikika ndi kuwotcha gawo la radiation - ma radiation a radiation pafupipafupi.
Pa opareshoni, ndikofunikira kutsimikiza kuti thupi la wodwalayo silimalumikizana ndi zitsulo zilizonse za patebulo kapena zitsulo zina - zida zochokera. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mbiri ya zitsulo, monga zowongoka, mbale zachitsulo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe, kapena zizindikilo mano, gulu la opaleshoni liyenera kudziwa malo awo. Zikatero, kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha masiketi a Bipolar m'malo mwa chosakhazikika chimodzi chitha kuganiziridwa. Magawo a Bipolar Elecrourgical Units ali ndi zocheperako zomwe zilipo, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zomwe zimadumphira kudzera pazitsulo zotsekemera ndikuwotcha. Mwachitsanzo, ku Orthopdic maopaleshoni pomwe pali zitsulo zomwe zilipo m'thupi la wodwalayo, kugwiritsa ntchito mabulomale a Bipolar kumatha kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angayambitse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake - pafupipafupi kucheza ndi chitsulo.
Mafuta a Electrode - Njira Zogwirizana
Kusankha mbale yoyenera ya electrode ndi gawo loyamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale ya electrode imakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo. Kwa akulu akulu, munthu wamkulu - mbale yodziwika bwino iyenera kusankhidwa, pomwe kwa ana ndi makanda, makanda ogwirizana - omwe akugwirizana ndi omwe amawakonda amafunikira. Kukula kwa mbale ya electrode kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti kachulukidwe kalikonse ku Plate malo otetezeka (ochepera). Zosangalatsa zomata - mbale zokutidwa ndi ma electrode zimakondedwa chifukwa cha kutsatira kwawo bwino komanso kutsatira kwambiri. Komabe, musanayambe kuwunika kukhulupirika kwa mawonekedwe a gelisi pa mbale, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe ming'alu, yowuma - kapena zosayera. Mapulogalamu a electrode otha ayenera kuletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito, monga zomwe akuchititsa komanso zomatira mwina zitha kudalira.
Kuyika koyenera kwa mbale ya electrode ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mbaleyo iyenera kuyikidwa paminofu - olemera ndi tsitsi - malo aulere, monga ntchafu, matako, kapena mkono wapamwamba. Ndikofunikira kupewa kutchuka kwambiri, mafupa, zipsera, kapena madera okhala ndi tsitsi lochulukirapo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbaleyo aikidwa pa zotchuka ngati chilengedwe ngati chiwongola dzanja kapena bondo, malo olumikizirana angakhale osagwirizana, ndipo kukakamizidwa pakadali pano kuli kokulirapo. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka kachulukidwe kameneka (, kodi kachulukidwe kalikonse kakuti, Kodi zilipodi, ndipo malo ang'onoang'ono), malo olumikizana ang'onoang'ono adzatsogolera ku kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha burns. Kuphatikiza apo, mbaleyo iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi malo opangira opaleshoni kuti muchepetse kutalika kwa njira ya wodwalayo mkati mwa wodwalayo, koma nthawi yomweyo, iyenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm sturption kuti isasokoneze opaleshoni.
Zida ndi Ntchito - Njira Zogwirizana
Kuyendera kwa zida
Asanapatsidwe opareshoni, kuyendera mwatsatanetsatane kwa okwera - pafupipafupi elekisiricle unit ndipo mizere yake yolumikizana iyenera kuchitika. Chongani chakunja chakunja cha chingwe chokwanira chilichonse chowonongeka, monga ming'alu, kudula, kapena abrasions. Ngati makutu osanjikiza awonongeka, mawaya amkati angawululidwe, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha zazifupi - mabwalo afupikitsa ndi kuwotcha. Mwachitsanzo, chingwe chomwe chakhala cholunjika pafupipafupi kapena chafinya ndi zinthu zolemera zitha kukhala ndi chisumbu chowonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, yesani magwiridwe antchito a elecrosgical unit poyendetsa nokha - kuyesa ntchito ngati alipo. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo mu jenereta, yowongolera, ndi zina zophatikizira.
Pa opareshoni, nthawi ndi nthawi yang'anani zida za mawu achinyengo, kugwedezeka, kapena mbadwo wamatenthedwe. Zizindikiro zonyansa zitha kuwonetsa zovuta mu chipangizocho, pomwe m'badwo wambiri ungakhale chizindikiro chambiri - kulephera kwapakati kapena koyambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo la masilekirourgicalgical Uniteds limatulutsa kwambiri - litha kukhala chizindikiro cha fanizo lozizira m'dongosolo lozizira, lomwe limatha kubweretsa kuti muthe kutentha kwa wodwalayo.
Pambuyo pa opareshoni, yeretsani ndi kumwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga. Yenderaninso zida kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika pakugwira ntchito. Yang'anani magazi aliwonse otsalira, minofu, kapena zodetsedwa zina pamagetsi ndi zingwe, chifukwa zinthu izi zimatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo chazida ngati sichichotsedwa munthawi yake.
Ntchito Zogwirira Ntchito
Ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba - pafupipafupi ma elekisiricgical mayunitsi ayenera kukhala bwino - ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso amadziwa bwino njira. Mukamaika mphamvu ya malo a malekitala, yambani ndi mphamvu yotsika ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimawonjezera malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni za opareshoni. Mwachitsanzo, pa opaleshoni yaying'ono, malo otsika amphamvu amatha kukhala okwanira kudula minofu ndi hemostasis. Makina okhazikika osafunikira amatha kuyambitsa minofu yambiri, ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minofu komanso chiopsezo chowonjezereka.
Pa opareshoni, electrode yogwira (mpeni - mutu) iyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kuti zitsimikizire kudula komanso kuphunzitsa bwino. Pewani kuyika ma elekiti yogwira ntchito yolumikizana ndi omwe si andamale pomwe sichigwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, dokotalayo akamayesa kusiya ntchitoyi, mpeni - mutuwo uyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otetezeka, m'malo mongonyansidwa mwangozi pomwe ukhoza kugwira mwangozi thupi ndi kuwotcha.
Maganizo a chilengedwe
Malo ogwirira ntchito ogwirira ntchito amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri popewa kuwotcha koyambitsidwa ndi mayunitsi apamwamba - pafupipafupi election elecsurgical. Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti palibe mpweya woyaka kapena zakumwa mu chipinda chogwiririra. Zinthu zoyaka monga zakumwa - zopangidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo mpweya zina zokongoletsa zimatha kuyika mukakumana ndi zigawo zopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a zamalowerero. Musanagwiritse ntchito malo osokoneza bongo, onetsetsani kuti malo ogwiritsira ntchitoyo ndi owuma ndipo kuti mafuta owola owopa asinthidwa.
Kuwongolera oxygen ndendeyi. Malo ochulukirapo - oxygen malo amawonjezera chiopsezo chamoto. M'madera omwe mayesero amasupe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka pafupi ndi mpweya wa odwala, chidwi cha mpweyawo uyenera kusungidwa pamalo otetezeka. Mwachitsanzo, mukamachita maopaleshoni mkamwa kapena m'mphuno, chisamaliro chowonjezereka chimayenera kusinthidwa kuti mpweya ukhale bwino komanso kuti palibe kutaya kwambiri - mpweya wamtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mapeto
Pomaliza, kukwera kwambiri - pafupipafupi ma elekitiroburoburgical madontho ndikofunikira komanso zida zamphamvu mu opaleshoni yamakono, koma kuthekera kwa kuwotcha panthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito silingathe kunyalanyazidwa.
Pofuna kupewa kuwotcha, njira zingapo zokwanira zimafunikira kutengedwa. Ogwira ntchito azachipatala, ogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira opaleshoni, ndipo onse omwe amagwira ntchito zamalonda ayenera kumvetsetsa zakuzama za kuwotcha izi ndi njira zodzitetezera. Mwa kutsatira njira zopewera, kuchuluka kwa kuwotcha komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi mayunitsi okwera - pafupipafupi ma elekitikizidwe amatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zimangotsimikizira chitetezo cha odwala panthawi yochita opaleshoni komanso zimathandiziranso kupita patsogolo kwa opaleshoni, kukonza mtundu wonse ndi luso la mankhwala opaleshoni. M'tsogolomu, kafukufuku wopitilira ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake - pafupipafupi mayunitsi - pafupipafupi ma elekisiricticgical mayunitsi oyenera owonjezera operekera opaleshoni ndi zotsatira zodwala.
