Chiyambi
Munthawi yamankhwala amakono, opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic yatuluka monga njira yosinthira, ikusintha kwambiri mawonekedwe a opareshoni. Njira yopanda ntchito yovutayi yakhala ikuwonetsa ma nduna yofalikira chifukwa cha maphunziro ake ambiri. Mwa kupanga zingwe zazing'ono pamimba, madokotala amaika laparoscope - chubu yocheperako, yosinthika ndi kuwala ndi kamera - limodzi ndi zida zapadera zopangira opaleshoni. Izi zimawalola kuchita njira zovuta zomwe zimawonjezera kuwongolera, kuchepetsedwa kuwonongeka kwa minofu, komanso kufa kwa magazi. Odwala nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi chipatala chafupi, nthawi zobwezeretsanso, komanso kutumiza kochepa - zowawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale moyo wabwino. Opaleshoni ya laparoscopic yapeza mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa matenda azachipatala komanso opaleshoni wamba ku urlogy komanso opaleshoni yolumikiza, ndikupanga gawo la opaleshoni yamakono.
Kulima patsogolo pamaluso a laparoscopic ndi gawo la mayesero a malekitala (Esu), omwe amakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri m'chipinda chogwiririra. ESUS imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde okwanira - mafunde amagetsi opanga magetsi kuti adutse, amasuntha, kapena desiccate minofu panthawi yopaleshoni. Tekinologiyu imathandizira opaleshoni kuti akwaniritse zotupa (kuwongolera magazi) moyenera komanso kuchita mawonekedwe a minyewa molondola kwambiri. Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kumaperekedwa kwa minofu kumapangitsa esis stople mu otseguka komanso maopaleshoni maopaleshoni a laparoscopic, omwe amathandizira kupambana komanso chitetezo chonse.
Komabe, ngakhale pali zabwino zokweza zopaleshoto zonse ziwiri za ma laparoscopic komanso zamalosi, chidwi chofunikira chatuluka pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito esus pa njira ya laparoscopic: m'badwo wa mpweya woipa. Pamene magetsi okwera - magetsi am'madzi a Esu omwe amalumikizana ndi minofu, zimatha kuyambitsa mpweya ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wolimba. Mipweya iyi siingakhale yovulaza wodwalayo komanso amawopseza kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu komanso chitetezo cha ochiritsika m'chipinda chogwiririra.
Zowopsa zomwe zingakhalepo zokhudzana ndi mipweya yoyipa iyi ndi yosiyanasiyana komanso mpaka kufika. Posakhalitsa - nthawi ya magesi iyi imatha kuyambitsa kukwiya m'maso, mphuno, komanso kupuma kwa odwala onse ndi othandizira anthu ambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali - kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza kungakulitse zovuta zambiri zaumoyo, monga kupuma matenda, kuphatikiza khansa yam'mapapo, komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. Monga opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imapitirirabe kutchuka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magawo a ma elekitirourgical amakhala ponseponse, kumvetsetsa mtundu wa mpweya wovulaza uwu, zotsatira zawo zomwe zingachitike, komanso momwe angachepetsere zoopsa zawo moyenera. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza nkhani yovutayi, ikuwunikira pa sayansi kumbuyo kwa m'badwo wa gasi, zomwe zikuchitika, ndi njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zitsimikizire malo otetezeka.
Zoyambira za opaleshoni ya laparoscopic ndi mayunitsi a elecrorurgical
Opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic: Manja osokoneza kwambiri
Opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti opaleshoni yoopsa kapena opaleshoni yoopsa, imayimira kudumpha kwakukulu kutsogolo mu gawo la maluso a opaleshoni. Njirayi yasinthiratu momwe ambiri opaleshoni ambiri opaleshoni amachitikira, ndikupereka odwala mapindu omwe amafanizira ndi zochitika zamikhalidwe - njira zopangira opaleshoni.
Njirayi imayamba ndikupanga zingwe zingapo zazing'ono, zomwe sizingafanane ndi milimeter ochepa kutalika, pamimba ya wodwala. Kudzera mu imodzi mwazomwezi, laparoscope imayikidwa. Chida choyimitsa chija chili ndi kamera yayitali - yotanthauzira komanso gwero lamphamvu. Kamera ya kamera - nthawi yokwezeka ya ziwalo zamkati ku polortoon, zomwe zimawapatsa opaleshoniyo momveka bwino komanso mwatsatanetsatane wa opaleshoni.
Kenako opaleshoni itayika zida zapadera za Laparoscopic kudzera pazomwe zatsala. Zidazi zidapangidwa kuti zizikhala zazitali, zowonda, komanso zosinthika, kulola kuti zigwirizane mkati mwa thupi ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zoyandikana. Mothandizidwa ndi zida izi, madokotala amatha kuchita njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa gallble.
Chimodzi mwazopindulitsa kwambiri pakuchita opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic ndiye kuchepetsedwa kwa thupi. Zowoneka zazing'ono zimapangitsa kutayika kochepa magazi pamachitidwe omwe akufanizira ndi opaleshoni yotseguka, pomwe mawonekedwe akuluakulu amawonetsa kuti malo opangira opaleshoni. Izi sizimangochepetsa kufunika kwa kuikidwa magazi komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi magazi ochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, zowoneka zazing'ono zimatsogolera kutsika kwa positi - yothandizira wodwalayo. Popeza pali kusokonezeka kochepa kwa minofu ndi minyewa, odwala nthawi zambiri amafunikira mankhwala opweteka pang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi njira yabwino yochiritsira.
Nthawi yochiritsidwa yotsatira opaleshoni ya laparoscopic imafupikiranso kwambiri. Odwala amatha kuyambiranso zochitika wamba, nthawi zambiri patangopita masiku ochepa mpaka sabata limodzi, kutengera zovuta za njirayi. Izi zikusiyana ndi opaleshoni yotseguka, yomwe ingafune milungu yochira komanso nthawi yayitali. Chipatala chafupifupi ndi phindu linanso, lomwe silimangochepetsa mtengo wazaumoyo komanso limapangitsanso kuti odwala abwerere moyo wawo tsiku ndi tsiku mosangalala.
Opaleshoni ya laparoscopic yapeza mapulogalamu ambiri m'mankhwala osiyanasiyana azachipatala. Ku Hynecology, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ma hysteroctomy (kuchotsa chiberekero), Cyystectomy, ndi mankhwala a endometriosis. Pa opaleshoni yambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ndulu, komanso pochiza ngati zilonda zam'mimba za khansa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Akatswiri a urologi amagwiritsa ntchito njira za laparoscopic zamayendedwe monga nephotomemy (kuchotsa impso) ndi prostatemtomy. Kuchita opaleshoniyo komanso kugwira ntchito kwa opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic kwapangitsa kuti chisankho chomwe amakonda kwa ochita opaleshoni ambiri ngati zotheka.
Mayunitsi a Elecrosargical: Kugwiritsa ntchito molondola pa opaleshoni
Mayunitsi a Elecrosgicalgical (Esus) ndi zida zamakono zamankhwala zomwe zimagwira ntchito moyenera mu opaleshoni yamakono, makamaka mu opaleshoni ya laparoscopic. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zamagetsi kuchita magetsi osiyanasiyana pakuchita opaleshoni, makamaka kudula minofu komanso kuphunzitsa.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yogwira Esu imakhudza m'badwo wambiri - mafunde amagetsi. Mafupa awa amachokera ku 300 KHZ mpaka 5 Mhz, pamwamba pa magetsi osintha (nthawi zambiri 50 - 60 Hz). Pamene Eulu adayambitsidwa, mawonekedwe apamwamba - mafayilo omwe amapezeka pa malo opaleshoni kudzera mu electrode yapadera, yomwe imatha kukhala mu mawonekedwe a scalpel - ngati mawonekedwe a probe kapena mtundu wina wa probe.
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito podula minofu, kutalika - pafupipafupi kumayambitsa mamolekyulu amadzi mkati mwa minofu mpaka kunjenjemera mwachangu. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumatulutsa kutentha, komwe kumapangitsa kuti minyewa idutse bwino. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti limapereka chodulidwa bwino komanso chofananira. Kutentha komwe kumapangidwanso kofinya mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi chifukwa minofu ikudulidwa, kuchepetsa magazi munthawiyo. Izi zikusiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zodulira zamakina, zomwe zingayambitse magazi ambiri ndipo zimafunikiranso zina zowonjezera kuti mukwaniritse hemostasis.
Pakuphatikiza, a EuS amasinthidwa kuti apereke mawonekedwe osiyana ndi zamagetsi. M'malo modula minofu, makalata amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa minofu mpaka pomwe mapuloni mkati momwe ma cell amawerengera. Izi zimapangitsa minofu kuti igwirizane, kapena kuvala, kusindikiza magazi ndikusiya kutaya magazi. Essos amatha kukhazikitsidwa ku magetsi osiyanasiyana ndi mafunde, kuloleza opaleshoni kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi kuya kwa mawonekedwe a minofu, kutengera zofunikira pa opaleshoni.
Pa opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic, Esus ndiofunika kwambiri. Kutha kuchita ziwonetsero zotsatizana ndikukwaniritsa hemostasis yogwira mtima kudzera muzowoneka zazing'ono za laparroscopic ndikofunikira. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito Esus, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuwongolera magazi ndikuchita zitsulo zodulira minodo mkati mwa malo amimba. ATHANDIZO ESON kuti agwire ntchito bwino, kuchepetsa nthawi yonse ya opaleshoniyo. Izi sizongopindulitsa wodwalayo movutitsa nthawi yomwe pansi pa opaleshoni komanso amachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zochitika zazitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulingalira komwe ESSS ku opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic imalola kuchotsedwa kolondola kwa minofu yodwala pomwe mukusaka minofu yoyandikana nayo. Uku ndikofunikira njira momwe kusungidwira kwa ntchito yazikhalidwe ndilofunika, monga maopaleshoni ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito Essu kwathandizira kwambiri kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino ndi chitetezo cha Laparroscopic, ndikuwapanga chida chofunikira komanso chofunikira pa opaleshoni yamakono. Komabe, monga tanena kale, kugwiritsa ntchito Esis pa opaleshoni ya laparoscopic kumabweretsanso pankhani ya m'badwo wowopsa, womwe tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane m'magawo otsatirawa.
Genesis a mipweya yoopsa
Zotsatira zamafuta ndi zomwe zimachitika
Pamene masitima a mayesero amayambitsidwa pa opaleshoni ya laparoscopic, imatsegulira zovuta zovuta zamafuta ndi zochita zamankhwala mkati mwa ziwiya zazomera. Kudutsa kwa magetsi - magetsi pafupipafupi kudzera mu minofu kumatulutsa kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamafuta monga momwe amakumana ndi minofu. Kutentha pamalo a electrode - kulumikizana kumatha kukwera mwachangu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kupitilira 100 ° C, ndipo nthawi zina, kufikira madigiri mazana angapo Celsius.
Pa kutentha kwambiri kumeneku, minyewa yomwe imapezeka pamtundu wamafuta ambiri, imadziwikanso kuti Pyrulysis. Madzi mkati mwa minofu msanga amasintha, yomwe ndi chizindikiro choyambirira chowoneka cha mafuta. Kutentha kwa kutentha kumapitilira kuchuluka kwa minofu, monga mapuloteni, mapids, ndi chakudya, kuyamba kuthyoka. Mapuloteni, omwe amapangidwa ndi maunyolo ataliakulu a amino acid, amayamba kutsutsa kenako ndikuwola m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Lipids, wopangidwa ndi mafuta acids ndi glycerol, amawonongeka kwambiri, ndikupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowonongeka. Zopatsa mphamvu, ngati glycogen yosungidwa m'maselo, omwenso omwe amakhudzidwanso, atagwetsedwa m'ma shuga osavuta kenako ndikuwola.
Njira zopopera izi zimayendera limodzi ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni kumatha kuyambitsa mapangidwe a nayitrogeni - okhala ndi mankhwala. Amino - zotsalira za asidi m'mapuloteni amatenthedwa, nayitrogeni Kuwonongeka kwa lipids kumatha kutulutsa mafuta osokoneza bongo a asidi ndi Aldehyd. Izi zimangochitika zokha za Pyrolysis koma zimatengera kukhalapo kwa mpweya muukadaulo wa opaleshoni ndi kapangidwe ka minofu yomwe imathandizidwa. Kuphatikiza kwa njira zamankhwala izi ndi mankhwala ndizomwe pamangodutsa kumabweretsa ku m'badwo wa mpweya woipa pa opaleshoni ya laparoscopic pogwiritsa ntchito malo a elecrosciargical.
Zofananira zovulaza zopangidwa
1. Carbon monoxide (Co)
1. Carbon monoxide ndi wopanda utoto, wopanda fungo, komanso mpweya wambiri womwe umapangidwa nthawi zambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito malo opangira opaleshoni ya laparosciopic. Kupanga kwa CO kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chosakwanira cha organic zinthu mu minofu. Pamene okwera - kutentha pyrolysis a mapuloteni, lipids, ndi chakudya chamafuta amachitika m'malo okhala ndi zotupa zam'mimba (kaboni M'malo mwake, ali okopa kwambiri okopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti come.
1. Mavuto azaumoyo okhudzana ndi CO ndiofunika. CO ali ndi ubale wapamwamba kwambiri wa hemoglobin m'magazi kuposa outanira. Ikasungunuka, imamanga hemoglobin kupanga carboxymogloglobin, kuchepetsa mpweya - wogwira magaziwo. Ngakhale otsika - kuwonekera kwa CA kumatha kuyambitsa mutu, chizungulire, nseru, komanso kutopa. Kukula kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kukwera - kuwonekera kwa kukula kungayambitse zizindikiro zowopsa, kuphatikizapo chisokonezo, kutaya kuzindikira, komanso zochitika mopambanitsa, imfa. M'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito, onse wodwalayo ndi opanga zamankhwala ali pachiwopsezo chodzawonetsedwa ngati mpweya wabwino komanso mpweya - njira zothandizira sizili m'malo.
1. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono
1. Utsi womwe umapangidwa mukamasinthasintha ma elekisiri muli osakaniza ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokha ndi tinthu timadzimadzi. Tinthu tosiyanasiyana timakhala ndi zidutswa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zidutswa za minofu, zomwe sizingafanane ndi chilengedwe, komanso zimasokonekera kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Kukula kwa tinthu totere kumatha kuyambira pa subrometers micrometers angapo mu mainchesi angapo.
1. Litalowa, mapangidwe osema awa amatha kuyambitsa kukwiya kwa thirakiti. Amatha kusungitsa m'magawo amphuno, trachea, ndi mapapu, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsokomola, kusilira, ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Pakupita kwa nthawi, kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza ndi tinthu totere kumawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi mavuto akulu opuma kwambiri, monga khansa yam'mapapo. Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timathanso kunyamula zinthu zina zovulaza, monga ma virus ndi mabakiteriya omwe amabwera mu minofu, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa chiopsezo cha ogwira ntchito zamankhwala.
1. Okhazikika Ormour (vocs)
1. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazosasunthika imapangidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito gawo la malekitala. Izi zikuphatikiza benzene, formaldehyde, acrolein, ndi ma hydrocarbons osiyanasiyana. Benzene ndi carcinogen yodziwika. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali - kuwonekera kwa benzene kumatha kuwononga fupa, kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi, maselo oyera, ndi ma sectecy aclastia. Zimathandizanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi leukemia.
1. Formaldehyde ndi mawu ena opindulitsa kwambiri. Ndizovuta - mafuta onunkhira omwe amatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo m'maso, mphuno, ndi khosi. Kutenga nthawi yayitali kwa formaldehyde kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi matenda opuma, kuphatikizapo asthma, ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, monga khansa ya Nasofaryngeal. Komabe, acrolein, alipo, ndikukhumudwitsa kwambiri komwe kumatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu ngakhale pamavuto otsika. Itha kuwononga kupuma epithelium ndipo yagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthawi yayitali - mawu opumira. Kukhalapo kwa ma vocs omwe ali mchipinda chogwirira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwonongeko cham'mimba komanso wodwalayo, akuwunikira kufunikira kwa njira zochitira bwino kuti muchepetse kukhalapo kwawo.
Zomwe zimakhudza thanzi
Zoopsa kwa odwala
Pa opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic, odwala amawonekera mwachindunji ndi mpweya woipa womwe umapangidwa ndi gawo la malekitala. Kupumula kwa mpweyawu kumatha kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali - zotsatira za thanzi lawo.
Pafupifupi - nthawi yake, zodziwika bwino zomwe odwala zimakhudzana ndi kupuma. Kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kukhazikika kwa okonzanso kwa okonda (vocs), ndipo zina zokwiya zachilengedwe chilengedwe zimatha kuyambitsa maso a wodwalayo, mphuno, ndi khosi kuti lisakhumudwitse. Izi zitha kubweretsa kutsokomola, kusisita, ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Kukhumudwa kwa kupuma thirakiti kungapangitsenso kumverera kwa chifuwa komanso kupuma. Zizindikiro sizimangoyambitsa kusasangalala koma zimatha kusokoneza kupuma kwa wodwalayo, komwe kumakhala kudera nkhawa kwenikweni, makamaka ngati wodwalayo ali pansi pa opaleshoni.
Kwa nthawi yayitali - nthawi yayitali, kubwereza kapena kuwonekera kwakukulu ndi mpweya woipawu kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta zomwe zingatheke kuwonongeka kwa mapapo. Kuwonongera kwa utsi wabwino tinthu tambiri ndi ma vocs ena, monga Benzene ndi Somaldehyde, zitha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zosakhazikika. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kulowa mkati mwa alveoli, mavesi ang'onoang'ono a mpweya m'mapapu pomwe kusinthana kwa mpweya kumachitika. Kamodzi mu alveoli, tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kuyambitsanso pobwezeretsa m'mapapu. Kutupa kwapa m'mapapo kumatha kubweretsa chitukuko cha matenda ampurmory a matenda a m'mapapo (Copd), komwe kumaphatikizapo matenda a bronchitis ndi exysema. Copd amadziwika ndi zovuta zolimbana mosalekeza, kutsokomola, komanso kupanga kwa mucous kwambiri, kumachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa wodwalayo.
Komanso, carcinogenic mtundu wa mpweya zina, monga benzene, limatulutsa chiopsezo cha khansa. Ngakhale chiwopsezo chochepa chodwala khansa chifukwa cha opaleshoni imodzi ya Laparoscopic imakhala yotsika mtengo, makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa nthawi (makamaka kwa odwala omwe angachitike pazaka zambiri) sanganyalanyazidwe. Kukhalapo kwa Benzene m'maselo ochita opaleshoni kumatha kuwononga DNA m'mapaselo am'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthidwa komwe kungayambitse khansa yam'mapapo.
Zoopsa kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo
Ogwira Ntchito Zaumoyo, kuphatikiza madokotala, anamwino, komanso opaleshoni, amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwawo komanso mobwerezabwereza ndi madokotala owopsa omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya phurroscopic. Malo ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala, ndipo ngati mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya - machitidwe owonjezerawo sakhala m'malo mwake, kupsinjika kwa mpweya woyipawu kumatha kupanga mwachangu.
Kutalika kwa mpweya wautali m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha ogwira ntchito azaumoyo akudwala matenda. Kupumira kosasinthika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma vacs kungayambitse kukula kwa mphumu. Kusintha kwa mipweya kumatha kupangitsa kuti mpweya uziyambitsa ndi hypersensitive, kumapangitsa ku zizindikiro monga makumi atatuming, kufupika, komanso chifuwa. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo amathanso kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a bronchitis. Kudziwitsa mobwerezabwereza ndi zinthu zovulaza pamasamba kumatha kupangitsa kuti machubu a bronchial akhumudwe ndikukhumudwitsidwa, kuchititsa kutsokomola, ndikupanga zovuta.
Chiwopsezo cha khansa ndicho nkhawa yayikulu kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo. Kukhalapo kwa mpweya wa carcinogenic ngati benzenfuon ndi formaldehyde mu chipinda chogwirira ntchito kumatanthauza kuti patapita nthawi, kuwonetsa bwino kungakulitse mwayi wokulitsa mitundu ya khansa. Kuphatikiza pa khansa ya m'mapapo, antchito azaumoyo amathanso kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokulitsa khansa yapamwamba, monga khansa yapadera, chifukwa cholumikizana mwachindunji ndi minofu ya minofu ndi pharkonal.
Kuphatikiza apo, inhalation ya mpweya woipa imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimachitidwa opaleshoni, monga zitsulo zolemera zomwe zingakhalepo mu trace yochepera mu minofu yomwe imakhala yopukutidwa, imatha kulowetsedwa m'magazi. Kamodzi m'magazi, zinthu izi zimatha kukhudza ziwalo ndi machitidwe ndi machitidwe mthupi, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto a mitsempha, kuwonongeka kwa impso, ndi zovuta zina zaumoyo. Zotsatira zake - zoterezi zimaphunziridwabe, koma zikuonekeratu kuti ngozi zakuthanzi za antchito azaumoyo ndizofunikira ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu komanso kupewa.
Kuzindikira ndi Kuwunikira
Njira zodziwika bwino
1. Zomvera zamagesi
1. Zomvera zamagesi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pofufuza mpweya woipa womwe umapangidwa panthawi ya opaleshoni ya laparosciopic. Pali mitundu ingapo ya masensa ogwiritsa ntchito, iliyonse yokhala ndi mfundo zake zapadera zogwirira ntchito ndi zabwino zogwira ntchito.
1. Zomvera zamagesi : ma senso amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo za electrochemical. Ngati mpweya wandamale, monga kaboni monoxide (co), amakumana ndi ma electrodes a sensor, ma electrochemical achita. Mwachitsanzo, mu ectrochemical sensor, coc ndi oxidized pa electrode, ndipo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndizofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa CO mu malo ozungulira. Izi zikuyembekezeredwa ndikusintha kukhala chizindikiro, kulola kukhazikika kwa couption. Ma eyctroche ozindikira amakhala osamala kwambiri komanso amasankha, kuwapangitsa kukhala bwino - oyenera kupeza mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Amatha kupereka chidziwitso chenicheni - cha nthawi pa milingo yamagesi, zomwe zimalepheretsa chidwi mwadzidzidzi pakakhala zovuta kuzichita.
1. Zowonjezera za mafuta a infrared : masensa ophatikizika amagwira ntchito pamfundo yosiyanasiyana yomwe mipweya yosiyanasiyana imatenga zojambulajambula pazithunzi zina. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwone kaboni dayokisi () ndi ma hydrocarbons, sensor imawunikira. Kuwala kumadutsa mpweya - chilengedwe chodzala m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito, mipweya yomwe ikuyenda imatenga zotumphukira zodzitchinjiriza. Kenako sensor ndiye kuyeretsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumalowetsedwa kapena kufalikira, komanso kutengera kuchuluka kumeneku, kumatha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Ma seyrared eysers sakhala - kulumikizana ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali. Alinso okhazikika ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, kuwapangitsa kukhala odalirika kuti awunikire mpweya woipa pa laparroscopic mashopu.
1. Kusuta kusunthira ndi kuwunikira makina
1. Makina owonjezera m'matumbo ndi gawo lofunika la kuwunika kwa mpweya mu chipinda chogwiririra. Makina awa adapangidwa kuti achotse utsi ndi mipweya yoyipa yomwe imapangidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito gawo la malekitala.
1. Zida zothandizira kusuta : zida izi, monga kuyamwa - kusuta fodya, kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi opaleshoni. Amagwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza bongo kuti ajambule mu utsi ndi mpweya womwe ukupangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kusungitsa utsi wamagetsi kumatha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi chida cha malekitala pa ntchito. Monga momwe Esu amapangira utsi, omwe atuluke amayamwa, kupewa mipweya kuti asatengere malo ogwiririra ntchito. Njira zina zapamwamba zimaphatikizidwa ndi zida za laparoscopic yokhayokha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti utsi umachotsedwa pafupi kwambiri ndi gwero lomwe mungathe.
1. Kuwunikira zinthu mkati mwa utsi m'kutuwa Zakumwa : Kuphatikiza pa kuchotsa, madongosolo awa adakhazikitsa - m'malo owunikira. Izi zitha kuphatikizira ma sexy ogwirizana ofanana ndi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Mwachitsanzo, kusuta fodya kumatha kukhala ndi consor consor yophatikizidwa mu chakudya chake. Pomwe dongosololi limayamwa muutsi, sensor imayesa kukhazikika kwa utsi wobwera. Ngati ndendeyo itatha - ikani bwino, alamunga a alamu, kuchenjeza gulu la opaleshoni kuti lichitepo kanthu moyenera, monga kuwonjezera dongosolo kapena kusintha kwa opaleshoni ya opaleshoni kuti muchepetse gasi.
Kufunikira kwa kuwunikira pafupipafupi
1. Kuteteza Moyo Wodwala
1. Kuyang'anira pafupipafupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto pa opaleshoni ya laparoscopic ndikofunikira poteteza thanzi la wodwalayo. Popeza wodwalayo amawonetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mpweya muukadaulo wama opaleshoni, ngakhale lalifupi - kuwonekera kwa mpweya wambiri kumatha kusokoneza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa kaboni monoxide (CO) m'dera la opaleshoni sikumayang'aniridwa ndikufikira pamlingo wowopsa, wodwalayo amatha kutsika kwa oxygen - wogwira magaziwo. Izi zitha kuchititsa hypoxia, yomwe imatha kuwononga ziwalo zofunika monga ubongo, mtima, ndi impso. Potengera nthawi zonse kuzungulira kwa mpweya, gulu lochita opalesholi lingawonetsetse kuti wodwalayo sakudziwitsidwa ndi mipweya yoyipa yomwe ingayambitse mavuto owopsa ngati amenewa.
1. Monga tanena kale, kukhudzana ndi mipweya ina ngati Benzene ndi Somaldehyde Pakapita nthawi amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa. Mwa kusunga magawo a gasi m'malo opangira opaleshoni m'malire otetezeka, kuwonekera kwa wodwalayo kwa ma carcinogenic omwewa amachepetsedwa, kuchepetsa zochitika zazitali - zoopsa zaumoyo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi opaleshoni ya laparoscopic.
1. Kuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito
1. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito ali pachiwopsezo chodzachitikanso kwa mpweya woyipa. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kumathandiza kuteteza thanzi lawo. Popita nthawi, kuwonekera mosalekeza kwa mpweya m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito kumatha kuyambitsa matenda opuma monga mphumu, bronchitis matenda, ngakhale khansa ya m'mapapo. Mwa kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa gasi pafupipafupi, malo azaumoyo kumatha kutenga njira zothandizira kuti mpweya wabwino uzichita kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri - njira zogwirizira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwunikira kumawonetsa kuti kukhazikika kwa okhazikika ophatikizika (vocs) kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chipatala chingakhale konzekerani bwino - mpweya wabwino - kusintha kwasuta komwe kulipo - zida zomwe zidalipo. This ensures that the healthcare workers are not exposed to dangerous levels of harmful gases during their work, protecting their long - term health and well - being.
1. Chitsimikizo Chachikulu M'machitidwe Opaleshoni
1. Kuyang'anira mpweya wovuta nthawi zonse ndi gawo lofunikira la chitsimikizo chabwino. Imalola zipatala ndi opaleshoni zojambula kuti awone kugwira ntchito mwa njira zawo za chitetezo chapano. Ngati deta yowunikira ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa gasi kumakhala kosinthasintha, zikuwonetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya - njira zothandizira zimagwira ntchito bwino. Kumbali inayo, ngati deta ivumbulutsa kuti kusamalira kufika kapena kupitirira malire, kumawonetsa kufunika kosintha. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuwunika momwe gawoli limagwirira ntchito ya madongosolo, ndikuyang'ana kuti lizimapuma pagesi - m'zigawo zamagetsi, kapena kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wogwiritsa ntchito chipinda ndiwokwanira. Pogwiritsa ntchito deta yowunikira kuti isankhe mwanzeru, magulu opaleshoni amatha kusintha mosamala chitetezo cha malo ogwiririra ntchito.
Njira Zosokonekera
Zolamulira
1. Kupititsa patsogolo ESU
1. Opanga ma ulekigical mayunitsi amatha kutenga mbali yovuta yochepetsera m'badwo wa mpweya woipa. Njira imodzi ndiyo kukonza mphamvu - njira zoperekera za Esus. Mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa esus ndi kuwongolera molondola pamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa mibadwo yambiri. Mwakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoperekedwa kwa minofu, kutentha kwa minofu - mawonekedwe a electrode amatha kulinganizidwa bwino. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi wopitilira - kuwombera minofu, yomwe mu nthawi imachepetsa kuchepa kwa mafuta ndikupanga mpweya woipa.
1. Mbali ina ya kusintha kwa EU ikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zamagetsi. Zida zina zatsopano zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino owonda komanso kuthana ndi zinthu, kulola kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ichepetse kutentha - kuwonongeka kokhudzana ndi minofu. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akhoza kuyang'anitsitsa ma electrodiji omwe amapangidwa makamaka kuti achepetse mapangidwe a mankhwalawa, monga minofu yard ndi gwero lalikulu la tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
1. Kulimbikitsa Opaleshoni Mpweya
1. Makina amkaka amkaka amatha kukwezedwa kukhala otsogola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Laminar - mpweya wabwino umatha kukhazikitsidwa. Makina awa amapanga mpweya wopanda mpweya, kusunthira mpweya wodetsedwa kuchokera kuchipinda chogwiririra moyenera. Pokhalabe mosasintha komanso mosasinthasintha mpweya wabwino, laminar - makina oyenda amatha kupewa kudzikundikira kwa mpweya wowopsa m'malo opaleshoni.
1. Kuphatikiza pa mpweya wabwino, njira zomata zitha kuphatikizidwa mu oparetsani opaleshoni. Makina awa adapangidwa kuti apangire utsi ndi mpweya pagwero, pafupi ndi chida chamatsenga. Mwachitsanzo. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya woyipawo umachotsedwa atangopangidwa, asanakhale ndi mwayi wogawana mu malo ogulitsira akulu ogwiritsira ntchito chipinda chokulirapo. Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndikuwunika kwa ma mpweya olimbitsa thupi awa komanso othamangitsidwanso ndikofunikira kuti atsimikizire momwe akugwirira ntchito. Zosefera mu machitidwe ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti zizigwira bwino ntchito pochotsa tinthu toyipa ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga.
Zida Zaumwini (PPE)
1. Kufunika kwa PPE kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo
1. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kupatsidwa ntchito ndikuphunzitsidwa bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza (PPE) kuti achepetse kuwonekera kwa mpweya woyipa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za PPE ndi chopumira - chopumira. Othandizira, monga N95 kapena kupitirira - Level Timetor - Flunduction Timer Othandizira Oyang'anira, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi utsi wabwino, kuphatikiza omwe ali pautsi. Izi zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasasunthika, komanso zinthu zina zovulaza m'dera logwirira ntchito.
1. Makoma a nkhope ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la PPE. Amapereka chitetezo chowonjezera poteteza maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa kuchokera pachimodzi ndi utsi ndi ma slanges. Izi sizongothandiza kupewa kupaka mpweya wa mpweya woipa komanso kumateteza kuzovuta zomwe zingakhalepo mu utsi.
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito PPE
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito pa PP PPE ndikofunikira kuti mugwire bwino. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa momwe angapangire moyenera ndipo amaliza kupuma kwawo. Musanayike mpweya, ndikofunikira kuchita zoyenera - cheke. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuphimba kupuma ndi manja onse ndi inming ndi kupunthwa kwambiri. Ngati kutayikira kwa mpweya kumapezeka kuzungulira m'mphepete mwa kupuma, ziyenera kusintha kapena kusinthidwa kuonetsetsa chisindikizo cholondola.
1. Makoma a nkhope ziyenera kuvala moyenera kuti mupereke chiwerengero chonse. Ayenera kusinthidwa kuti akhale oyenera pamutu ndipo sayenera kupangidwa chifukwa chochita opareshoni. Ngati mukukumana ndi vuto, anti - njira zothetsera fomu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, PPE iyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Kupuma kuyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi malingaliro a wopanga, makamaka ngati atanyowa kapena kuwonongeka. Nthanzi zolimba ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikuyika kachilombo pakati pa opaleshoni kuti aletse kudziunjikira kwa zinthu.
Machitidwe abwino m'chipinda chogwiririra
1. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi ndi kukonza
1. Kusunga malo ogulitsira bwino ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwonekera kwa mpweya wovulaza. Malo ogwiririra m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kutsukidwa kuti achotse zotsalira zilizonse pazoyipa zomwe zimapezeka muusupe. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa matebulo, zida, ndi pansi. Kutsuka pafupipafupi kumathandiza kupewa re - kuyimitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe takhalapo pamalopo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa mlengalenga.
1. Chigawo choyera chimayeneranso kusamalidwa bwino. Kugwirira ntchito pafupipafupi kwa EUU kungawonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito moyenera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana zolumikizira zilizonse, zovalidwa - electrodes, kapena zovuta zina. Chiyero
1. Makina Opaleshoni
1. Madokotala amatha kuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera m'badwo wowononga mpweya wovulaza kudzera mu maopareji awo opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotsika kwambiri pagawo la mazele elecrourgical muyeso amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi kupanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ya EUCORS ndi nthawi yolumikizana ndi minofu, maopaleshoni amathanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta.
1. Njira ina yofunika ndikugwiritsa ntchito ESU mwachidule, intermittent imaphulika m'malo mopititsa patsogolo. Izi zimathandiza kuti minofu ikhale yozizira pakati pamphera, kuchepetsa kutentha konse - kuwonongeka kokhudzana ndi minofu ndi m'badwo wa mpweya woipa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati nkotheka, njira zina zopangira opaleshoni zomwe zimapanga utsi wocheperako komanso gasi, monga kapangidwe ka akupanga, titha kuganiziridwa. Njirazi zimatha kupereka minofu yogwira ntchito komanso kuphatikizika kwa minofu pochepetsa kupanga kwa - zogulitsa, zomwe zimathandizira paukadaulo wotetezeka kwa odwala ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.
Zofufuza komanso zamtsogolo
Maphunziro opitilira
Pakadali pano, pali maphunziro angapo omwe ali opitilizabe kuthana ndi vuto la m'badwo wage loopsa nthawi ya opaleshoni ya laparoscopic pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekisirigical. Dera limodzi lofufuzira limakhazikika mozungulira chitukuko cha zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Asayansi akuwunika kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima ndi ma nanomatadium omwe ali ndi zida zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, nanomatadium ina imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi yosamutsa mphamvu nthawi yosungirako kutentha - kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Izi zitha kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa m'badwo wa mpweya woipa. Pophunzira posachedwapa, ofufuza adafufuza kaboni - nanotube - elekitala yokutidwa. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti ma electrodes amatha kukwanitsa kudula minofu yogwira mtima komanso kuwononga mbandana ndi nkhondo yochepera poyerekeza ndi ma elekitirodi achikhalidwe, kuwonetsa kutsika kwa mafuta ovulaza.
Mzere wina wa kafukufukuyu amapangidwira kukonza mapangidwe a ma elecrourorgical aja. Akatswiri akugwira ntchito pakukula ewas ndi mabungwe anzeru kwambiri. Izi zatsopano - mbadwo zimatha kusintha magetsi ndi magetsi omwe ali ndi magetsi kutengera mtundu wa minofu ndi ntchito yopaleshoni yomwe ili pafupi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu, chiopsezo cha - kutentha minofu ndikupanga mpweya wowopsa kwambiri kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ma prototypes ena amakhala okonzeka ndi masensa omwe amatha kudziwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yeniyeni - nthawi yeniyeni. Kenako Etuyo imasintha makonda ake moyenera kuti atsimikizire momwe m'badwo woyenera komanso wocheperako.
Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro amachitikanso pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ofufuza ena akufufuza momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ma lasers kapena mphamvu ya akupanga ngati njira zina mpaka zapamwamba - zamagetsi pafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo, a Lasers amatha kupereka zifukwa zolondola mosakhwima ndi zochulukirapo zokhala ndi mphamvu komanso zovulaza zochepa pogwiritsa ntchito - zinthu. Ngakhale akadali pamayeso oyesera, mphamvu izi, mphamvu zopalamula - zida zopangira zopangira zida zimalonjeza kuti vuto loipa limakhala ndi mayunitsi a malekitala.
Masomphenyawo kwa opaleshoni yotetezeka ya Laparoscopic
Tsogolo la opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic limapereka lonjezo lalikulu lochepetsa kuopsa kwa m'badwo wamagesi. Mwa njira yopitilira njira yopitilira, titha kuyembekeza kuona zinthu zosintha bwino mwa njirazi.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika mtsogolo zitha kukhala kukula kwa zosemphana ndi maofesi. Makina awa amaphatikiza magawo apamwamba azosachedwa zamalowerero ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri - m'zigawo zoyeretsa. Mwachitsanzo, uledrictical unit ukhoza kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi boma - la - a - Art Kutulutsa matekitala apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba, monga Nanoparticle - zosefera. Zosefera izi zitha kuchotsa ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso timipweya yochokera ku opaleshoni, onetsetsani kuti ali pafupi - zero - pangozi kwa wodwala komanso wochita opaleshoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikupita patsogolo kwa luntha laukadaulo (AI) ndi kuphunzira makina, maloboti opangira opaleshoni angagwire ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic. Maloboti awa amatha kupangidwa kuti azichita opaleshoni yopanga opaleshoni yopanda tanthauzo, pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zofunikira pamavuto. AI - Algorithms Algorithms imatha kusanthula minofu ya minofu munthawi yake - nthawi yeniyeniyi ndikusintha moyenerera, kuphatikizanso m'badwo wa mpweya woipa.
Potengera zamankhwala, malangizo amtsogolo ndi mapulogalamu othandizira madokotala amathanso kutsimikiziranso m'badwo wa mpweya. Opanga madokotala amatha kuphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira opaleshoni ndi zida zopangidwa kuti zichepetse kupanga mipweya yoyipa. Maphunziro akugwiritsa ntchito zamaphunziro azachipatala amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri pofufuza zaposachedwa komanso machitidwe abwino kwambiri m'derali, kuonetsetsa kuti othandizira azaumoyo ali - mpaka - ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera zoopsa za mayiko azovuta.
Pomaliza, pomwe m'badwo woopsa wamagesi owopsa panthawi ya laparoscopic pogwiritsa ntchito ma elemsicrictical ma election ndi nkhawa yopitilira muyeso komanso njira zamtsogolo za chilengedwe. Pophatikizanso njira zatsopano zothandizira, zida zapamwamba, komanso njira zopangira opaleshoni, titha kuwunika kwa opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic imatha kuchitidwa ndi ngozi zochepa ku thanzi ndi chitetezo cha odwala odwala ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.
Mapeto
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito ma ulekitala a zamalowerero nthawi ya ma laparoscopic, ndikupereka zabwino zothandizira opaleshoni ndi hemostasis kuwongolera, kumapereka ku m'badwo wa mpweya woipa. Mipweya iyi, kuphatikiza carbon monoxide, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso zosokoneza zachilengedwe, zimayambitsa thanzi la odwala ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.
Mwachidule - nthawi yayitali - zoopsa zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi mipweya yoyipa iyi siziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Odwala amatha kumva kupweteka nthawi yomweyo panthawi yochita opaleshoni, ndipo nthawi yayitali - kuthamanga, amakumana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi matenda opumira ndi khansa. Ogwira Ntchito Zaumoyo, chifukwa chowonekera mobwerezabwereza m'manja m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito, amakhalanso pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo komanso okhazikika.
Njira zodziwika bwino kwambiri, monga maselo a mpweya ndi kutulutsa mpweya ndi kuwunikira mkhalidwe wofunikira pozindikiritsa kupezeka kwa malo ndi mpweya woipawa. Kuwunika pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kuteteza thanzi la odwala ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo komanso kuti awonetsetsenso mtundu wonse wamachitidwe opaleshoni.
Njira zochepetsera, kuphatikizapo zowongolera zopangira EU ndikuwonjezera zida zamagetsi mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitchinjiriza, ndikukhazikitsa kukonzanso bwino kwambiri chipinda chogwiririra.
Kafukufuku wopitilira amakhala ndi lonjezo lalikulu lamtsogolo la opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic. Kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika, kukonza EnuU amapanga, ndipo kufufuza njira zina zamagetsi za malemaborurgergery kumapereka chiyembekezo chochepetsa mibadwo yovulaza. Masomphenyawa ophatikizidwa mokwanira ndi opaleshoni ya AI - Maloboki opangira opaleshoni atha kuyambitsa chitetezo cha njira ya phurroscopic.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti gulu la zamankhwala, kuphatikiza madokotala, akatswiri opangira ma opaleshoni, anamwino, ndi zida zamankhwala, zindikirani tanthauzo la nkhaniyi. Pogwira ntchito limodzi, kukhazikitsa njira zofunika zodzitetezera, ndikudziwitsa za kafukufuku waposachedwa komanso kupitiriza kwa tsogolo lakomwe, titha kuyesetsa kuti tisakumane ndi tsogolo loti tichitire opaleshoni ya laparoscopic ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri ku thanzi ndi chitetezo chotetezeka kwambiri. Kutetezedwa kwa odwala ndi ogwira ntchito zathanzi m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse kumakhala patsogolo kwambiri, ndikuthana ndi vuto la mbadwo woipa wamafuta ku opaleshoni yamalo pogwiritsa ntchito magawo ofunikira kuti mukwaniritse cholinga ichi.
