M'dera losinthalitsidwa la zamankhwala zamakono, njira yotsimikizika komanso yokonzanso bwino zamadzimadzi imagwira chinsinsi cha zotsatira zothandizira odwala odwala. Kwa zaka zambiri, chikhalidwe chamitsemphachi cha kulowetsedwa kwakhala kupezeka kwamitundu yambiri, moyenera kukwaniritsa bwino. Komabe, molimbika kwambiri m'matumbo azachipatala, pampu kulowetsedwa ukutuluka ngati njira yosinthira yamasewera komanso yoseweretsa malo ake ofunikira kwambiri azachipatala ovuta.
I. Malo achipatala amafunikira kulowetsedwa mapampu
A. Mayunitsi Osamalira
Mapati oyang'anira oyang'anira (Chizindikiro) madipatimenti a ku Fly M'malo okwera kwambiri awa, mapampu kulowetsedwa sakhala osalephera kupulumutsa chuma. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za chithandizo cha odwala omwe amalimbana ndi shapsic. M'mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati norepinephrin amakhala kuti ma linechpins okhalamo okhwima magazi ofanana. Kulowetsa pampu kumapatsa mphamvu mankhwala othandizira azambiri kuti apange kusintha kwa infortimimimimal kufika pamlingo wowuma, nthawi zina umakongoletsa tizigawo tambiri tomwe timakhala. Mulingo womwewu wa modekha sungathe kukhala ndi kulowetsedwa kwachikhalidwe, komwe nthawi zambiri amadalira njira yochitira zinthu zakale kuwerengera. Zowonjezera, kutsika kumeneku kumatha kuwonongedwa mosavuta pamalingaliro - chubu cholumikizidwa kwambiri - cholumikizira chokhazikika, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri.
M'malingaliro osokoneza mtima, mankhwala monga dobutamine amapangidwira kugubuduza mtima wolephera. Apa, pampu kulowetsedwa amatenga gawo la likulu, ndikutsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa amaperekedwa molondola ndi dokotala. Kupatuka kulikonse ku mlingo womwewu, kaya kukhala wotsika, kumatha kuwongolera mtima arrhythmias kapena kusokonekera kwina kwa wodwalayo. Kuwunika kosalekeza kwa kapaka kamene kamakhala kokha kumapereka gawo lodalirika komanso lokhazikika la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amapangitsa chidwi cha bata komanso chidaliro mu gulu lazachipatala lomwe limapanikizika kwambiri.
B. Pediatric ndi chisamaliro cha neonatal
Pankhani yosamalira ana, makamaka makanda otetezeka kwambiri komanso a neonetes, malire olakwika mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasautsa gawo lofooka. Mafelemu awo ocheperako komanso osakhazikika a thupi amafunikira kuwongolera pang'ono. Kulowetsedwa mapampu, osati zapamwamba koma chofunikira kwambiri. Chitanipo kanthu kwa mwana wosabadwa wokakamira ndi matenda opumira. Administration of Ardicakaskarfacttonts, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuthandizira maang a Lung, amafunikira kuwongolera komwe kungapangitse pampu kulowetsedwa kokha. Itha kukhala yodziwika bwino kuti atulutse mavoliyumu amtundu wofunikira, akuchita ngati chitetezo chotsutsana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha zolakwika zazing'ono mu dosing.
Mu Courroung Dziko La Pedanatric Chemotherapy, kuopsa kwa mankhwalawa kunaphatikizapo kuwongolera korona chitsulo pa kulowetsedwa. Kulemera kwapadera ndi njira inayake ya chemotherapy kuyenera kukhala kopepuka, ndipo kulowetsedwa mapampu kumapangitsanso anthu azaumoyo ndi zida zoti achite. Mwa kukhazikitsa mtengo, amatha kuchepetsa mavuto osokoneza bongo omwe nthawi zambiri amalowetsedwa kapena kuwonetsetsa kulowetsedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti achichepere awa achichepere ali ndi kuwombera kopambana pazinthu zabwino zomwe zingachitike pazinthu zopambana pomwe amateteza moyo wawo wopambana.
C. Zochita zopaleshoni zapadera
Pamene zikhomo zipinda zojambulazo zitayamba kubisa maopareshoni ovuta ngati opaleshoni ya mtima kapena ballet ballergergery, kukonza malo okhazikika am'madzi ndi kufalikira kwa makonzedwe ndi imfa. Mu malo oletsa mtima wotseguka mtima, njira zothetsera mtima ziyenera kuthiridwa mosavuta nthawi yayitali ndi mitengo yomangidwa moyenera, ndikulola opaleshoni kuti agwire ntchito yopulumutsa moyo. Pulopm yolowetsedwa imakhala chete, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yothetsera vutoli imavomerezedwa ndi ufulu wokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mtima kapena kuwonongeka kwa myocactill.
Munthawi yomweyo amalimbikitsa domain ya neurosurgery, komwe kumangika kwa ubongo ndi ntchito zovuta kumakhala pamzere, mankhwala omwe amawongolera matenda a intracramial kapena kusamalira zonunkhira bwino kuyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimamveka bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kulikonse mu kulowetsedwa kumatha kusanja osokoneza bongo a vuto laubongo a wodwalayo, yemwe angakhale ndi vuto lamuyaya. Ndiwonso m'mabuku ofunikira opaleshoniyi kotero kuti kudalirika pampu ndi kulowetsedwa kwa pampu ndi kuwunika mozama, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosankhidwa bwino kwa opaleshoni ndi opaleshoni opanga opaleshoni.
Ii. Ubwino wa kulowetsedwa mapampu pa kulowetsedwa wamba
A. Kuwongolera mu mphamvu yoyenda
Ubwino wapamwamba kwambiri wa kulowetsedwa mapampu agona munjira yawo yosagwirizana. Monga momwe zimaneneratu kale, zodabwitsazi zimapha madzi ambiri omwe akuwoneka kuti pafupifupi enanso amapezekanso enanso ochepa, nthawi zina otsika ngati mphindi imodzi. Mlingo wa ma glanulauty uwu ndi zaka zambiri zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke. Ganizirani zovuta za odwala matenda ashuga amadalira insulin. Zenera lochiritsira la mankhwala opulumutsa moyo ndi lumbiro; Mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi imatha kutumiza shuga yamagazi kulowa mu hypercelycemia kapena syvercket ku hyperglycemia. Ndi pampu kulowetsedwa, komabe, othandizira azaumoyo amatha kupumula mosavuta kuti insulin yolondola idzaperekedwa ndi kusasintha kwa unerring, ora patatha ola, tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mosiyana kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe cha kulowetsedwa kwachikhalidwe kumakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zomwe zikuchitika kwa anthu ambiri. Njirayi siyosungidwa ndi zolakwika za munthu komanso zimatengeka kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka kwa kunja. Zosokoneza zosavuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti namwino yemwe asinthidwe kapena kusuntha kwamng'ono kwa wodwala yemwe amasinthana ndi chipale chofewa mu kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, kusokoneza bwino wodwalayo.
B. Zotetezeka
Mapampu kulowetsedwa amabwera ndi ma cornuopia okhala ndi chitetezo omwe amapezeka molunjika. Kutchinjiriza kwa malo omangidwa kumachitika ngati ndalama yovuta yotsutsa masoka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ma tubeni amapezeka - zofananira chifukwa cha mapangidwe a ma clat kapena mwangozi - mamvepodi a pampu amayamba kuchitapo kanthu, ndikuwonetsa kulowetsedwa kwake nthawi yomweyo, ndikuwonetsa kulowetsedwa kwake ndikuchotsa kulowetsedwa kwake. Njira yothetsa izi ndi kulowererapo kwa moyo, kupewa zoopsa za mpweya kapena zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi mkati mwa ma tubing, zomwe zingawerengere chiwonongeko kwa wodwalayo.
Gawo linanso lofunikira kwambiri ndi njira yodziwika. Ngakhale kuwira kocheperako, kufupika komwe kumayesa kulowera kubulusa kumaonekera ndi masensa a pampu, kuyambitsa chidwi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri polowetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mpweya, monga imminogloogloglobulin. Kukhalapo kwa thovu la mpweya m'milandu ngati imeneyi kumatha kupangitsa mankhwalawa kukhala ophatikizika, ndikupanga zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
C. Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi
Ngakhale zili zowona kuti mapampu kulowetsedwa poyamba amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri komanso kuwawopseza amenewo kuti azipulumutsa nthawi. Magawo oyamba akhazikitsidwa mopweteka - njira yomwe, yophunzitsira, imakhala chibadwa chachiwiri - chipongwecho chimatenga ubweya, mosamala kusunga mtengo wolondola wolondola. Izi zimamasula anamwino ndi madokotala kuti abwezeretse chidwi chawo ndi zina zokhudzana ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri, musawonetse zizindikiro zofunika, kapena kuzigwirizanitsa chitonthozo choleza mtima, kapena kugwirizanitsa ndi mamembala ena a gulu lachipatala.
Mu phokoso ndi gulu la chipatala cha chipatala chotanganidwa, pomwe ziwerengero zilizonse ndi zinthu zilizonse zopendekera zimatambasulidwa, njira yokhayo imathandizira kupuma. Poyerekeza ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yowononga nthawi yowunikira ndikusintha kwamwambo wambiri - njira yomwe imafuna kupanikizika kopitilira muyeso - mapampu a kulowetsedwa - pampu ya kulowetsedwa ndikuchepetsa ntchito. Zimathanso zolakwa zomwe zimawonekera munthawi yamadzimadzi yamadzimadzi, zimathandizira chitetezo chathanzi komanso ntchito yambiri.
Pomaliza, mapampu olowetsa amasemphana ndi NIVA yofunika komanso yofunika kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono. Kutha kwawo kufalitsa madzi ambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, olimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu zolimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu zolimbikitsidwa komanso zolimbikitsa pakugwira ntchito, zimapangitsa kuti azichita nawo ntchito yambiri. Kwa akatswiri azaumoyo, kumvetsetsa zikuluzikulu za nthawi ndi chifukwa chofuna kuponyera pampu ya akatswiri koma yofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhudza chisamaliro cha odwala awo. Monga ukadaulo umachokera kutsogolo, titha kuyembekezera kukonzanso ndi kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu a zida zopulumutsa zinthu zopulumutsa moyo izi, ndikulengeza za nyengo yatsopano kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri.
