An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graph (curve) that records from the body surface the changes in electrical potential produced by the heart during each cardiac cycle.
Electrocardiogram can reflect the bioelectric potential changes during the generation, conduction and recovery of cardiac excitation.
Doctors diagnose and determine the working state of the heart and many cardiovascular diseases from the bioelectrical changes of the heart.
The current international standard ECG is the standard lead, which is made up of twelve leads, and therefore the general ECG will show twelve wave lines. Through the acquisition of signals from a twelve-lead ECG, it is possible to indirectly deduce the site of origin and abnormalities of a heart lesion. For example, the most common diseases are myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia. (Note: ECG lead refers to the placement of electrodes on the human body surface and the connection of electrodes to the amplifier when tracing the ECG; lead is a type of connection! An electrode is a conductive medium. ECG electrodes are divided into limb electrodes (4) and chest.
● What is a 12-lead?
The 12 leads included 6 limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF) and 6 chest leads (V1 to V6). The limb leads included standard bipolar leads (I, II, and III) and pressurized leads (aVR, aVL, and aVF). Bipolar leads are named for the recording of the voltage difference between the two levels
● Clinical significance and application
- Clinical significance: record the electrical activity of the human heart; help to diagnose arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, insufficient coronary artery blood supply, pericarditis, etc.; help to determine the effect of drugs or electrolyte disorders on the heart; help to determine the status of artificial heart pacing.
- Widely used: routine physical examination, surgery, anesthesia, medication observation, sports, aerospace and other cardiac monitoring and rescue of critically ill patients.
● What are the lead and channel of an ECG machine?
ECG machine with twelve leads: a specialized ECG machine with a total of 12 standard leads in the body, containing 3 bipolar limb leads, 3 unipolar pressurized limb leads, and 6 chest leads. The total is 12 leads.
Therefore, twelve leads is not a good feature of a particular EKG machine, but rather the most basic feature!
So what is the concept of twelve channels in an ECG machine?
The 12-lead, as mentioned earlier, manifests itself in the form of a 12-channel waveform, and then we have to print out the recorded waveform data, at which point, a few parameters are important: waveform accuracy, clarity, and speed of printout.
If the recording paper is large, the configuration is enough, then 12 leads of data can be printed out at the same time, at this time, will be faster than a single channel, three channels, six channels, directly 2 to 12 times.
That is, a single channel is only one waveform print, three channels is a print three waveforms, similarly, six channels will print six waveforms, twelve-channel machine is a print twelve waveforms. The same check, single-channel machine to print 12 times to print out all the 12-channel waveform, while the 12-channel machine will once all the 12-channel waveform printed out.
The easiest and most direct way to look at this is to look at the location of the print cartridge; different cardiometers with different numbers of lanes have different widths of print paper.
The main difference between the Resting ECG and the Holter / Dynamic ECG is the software of the host computer and the accessories that come with it.
Ⅶ. Common ECG terminology
Lead: The circuit connection method for recording ECG. Channel: corresponds to the printing function of ECG machine, when printing, how many leads can be recorded at the same time. Interpretation: Analysis of the ECG acquisition results to provide diagnostic reference. Recording Mode: Printing format (e.g. 3ch ECG printing format 1ch+R, 3ch, 3ch+) Working Mode: Manual, automatic, analysis, storage, etc. Sampling Rate: The number of samples per second extracted from a continuous signal to form a discrete signal, expressed in Hertz (Hz). Filtering: The operation of filtering out specific band frequencies from a signal to suppress and prevent interference (AC filtering, EMG filtering, drift filtering). Sensitivity: The amplification of the ECG signal by the machine. Paper Speed: The paper speed of the recorder. Pulse Pace Identification: Recognizes pacing pulse signals. Protection Circuit Against Defibrillator Effect: Prevents interference when defibrillators and other devices are used simultaneously.
Ⅷ. Other common parameters of ECG
Safety Standard
Input Impedance
Patient Leakage
CMRR
Noise Constant
Noise Level
Calibration Voltage
Lead Acquisition
Inter-Channel Interference
Frequency Response
Storage
Voltage of Tolerance
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