Gabatarwa
ENT, taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani wanda zai iya zama wanda ba a sani ba ga mutane da yawa, yana nufin Kunne, Hanci, da Maƙogwaro. Kwararren likita ne wanda ke hulɗa da ganewar asali, jiyya, da kuma kula da cututtuka masu alaƙa da waɗannan muhimman yankuna uku na jiki. Wannan labarin yana nufin samar da cikakkiyar fahimta game da ENT, gami da iyakokinta, yanayin gama gari, hanyoyin bincike, da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
Babban darajar ENT
Kunnen
Kunnen gaba ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke da alhakin ji da daidaito. Kwararrun ENT suna magance batutuwan da suka shafi kunne da yawa.
1. Rashin Ji
1. Ragewar jin kai na iya faruwa saboda matsalolin waje ko tsakiyar kunne, kamar toshewar kunne, kamuwa da kunnen tsakiya- (otitis media), ko fashewar kunne.
2. Rashin jin rashin jin daɗi sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da lalacewar kunnen ciki ko jijiya mai ji. Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar tsufa (presbycusis), fallasa ga kara mai ƙarfi, wasu magunguna, ko abubuwan halitta.
2. Ciwon Kunnuwa
1. Otitis externa, wanda kuma aka sani da kunnen swimmer, kamuwa da cuta ne daga magudanar kunne na waje, yawanci kwayoyin cuta ko fungi ke haifar da su. Yana iya haifar da zafi, itching, da fitarwa.
2. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, otitis media cuta ce ta tsakiyar kunne, wanda ya fi yawa ga yara. Yana iya haifar da asarar ji na ɗan lokaci da ciwon kunne.
3. Rashin daidaituwa
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) wani yanayi ne na kowa inda ƙananan ƙwayoyin calcium a cikin kunnen ciki suka zama tarwatsewa, suna haifar da tashin hankali kwatsam.
2. Cutar Ménière cuta ce ta yau da kullun wacce ke shafar kunnen ciki, yana haifar da vertigo, asarar ji, tinnitus ( ringing a cikin kunnuwa), da jin cikar kunne.
Hanci
Hanci ba kawai yana shiga cikin ma'anar wari ba amma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen numfashi da tace iskar da muke shaka.
1. Ciwon hanci
1. Allergic rhinitis, wanda aka fi sani da hay zazzabi, wani rashin lafiyan dauki ga iska abubuwa kamar pollen, ƙura, ko dabba dander. Yana haifar da atishawa, zub da jini, cunkoson hanci, da kaikayi.
2. Rhinitis mara rashin lafiyan na iya haifar da shi ta hanyar abubuwa kamar abubuwan ban haushi (misali, hayaƙin sigari, ƙamshi mai ƙarfi), canjin hormonal, ko wasu magunguna.
2. Nasal polyps
1. Waɗannan tsiro ne masu laushi, marasa raɗaɗi waɗanda ke tasowa akan rufin hanci ko sinuses. Za su iya toshe hanyar iska ta hanci, wanda ke haifar da wahalar numfashi, rasa wari, da hanci.
3. Sinusitis
1. Mummunan sinusitis yawanci yana faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ko kwayan cuta bayan mura. Yana haifar da zafi da matsa lamba a cikin sinuses, cunkoson hanci, da kauri mai launin ruwan hanci.
2. Sinusitis na yau da kullum yana da fiye da makonni 12 kuma yana iya zama saboda cututtuka masu yawa, polyps na hanci, ko rashin daidaituwa na jiki.
Maƙogwaro
Maƙogwaro yana shiga cikin ayyuka kamar numfashi, haɗiye, da magana.
1. Tonsillitis
1. Kumburi ne na tonsils, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da kamuwa da kwayar cuta ko kwayar cuta. Alamomin sun hada da ciwon makogwaro, wahalar haɗiye, zazzabi, da kumburin tonsils.
2. Laryngitis
1. Kumburi na makogwaro (akwatin murya) na iya haifar da tsawa, raunin murya, ko rasa murya gaba ɗaya. Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar yin amfani da murya fiye da kima, cututtuka, ko sakewar acid.
3. Barci Apnea
1. Abun bacci mai hana ruwa gudu yana faruwa ne a lokacin da tsokoki na bayan makogwaro suka huta da yawa yayin barci, suna toshe hanyar iska. Yana haifar da katsewar numfashi, snoring, da barcin rana.
Hanyoyin Bincike a cikin ENT
Jarrabawar Jiki
Kwararrun ENT suna amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban don gwajin jiki.
1. Otoscope
1. Ana amfani da wannan don bincika canal na kunne da kunnuwa. Yana taimakawa wajen gano ciwon kunne, toshe kunnen kunne, ko huɗar kunne.
2. Rhinoscope
1. Ana amfani da rhinoscope, ko dai mai tsauri ko sassauƙa, don hango cikin hanci da sinuses. Yana iya gano polyps na hanci, karkatacciyar septum, ko alamun sinusitis.
3. Laryngoscope
1. Ana amfani da laryngoscopes don duba makogwaro da igiyoyin murya. Suna da mahimmanci don gano yanayi kamar laryngitis ko ciwace-ciwacen makogwaro.
Gwajin Ganewa
1. Audiometry
1. Wannan gwajin yana auna karfin jin mutum. Yana taimakawa wajen gano nau'in da matakin rashin ji.
2. Tambayoyi
1. Yana tantance aikin kunnen tsakiya ta hanyar auna motsin kunnen don amsa canje-canjen matsa lamba na iska.
3. Nasal Endoscopy
1. Wannan hanya tana ba da cikakken ra'ayi game da sassan hanci da sinuses. Ana iya amfani da shi don biopsy nama mai tuhuma ko cire polyps na hanci.
Zaɓuɓɓukan Jiyya a cikin ENT
Magungunan Likita
1. Magunguna
1. Don ciwon kunne, ana iya rubuta maganin rigakafi don cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da maganin antihistamines da corticosteroids na hanci don rashin lafiyar rhinitis da sinusitis.
2. Zubar da kunne na iya magance cututtukan kunne na waje, yayin da ake amfani da magunguna don rage tashin hankali don rashin daidaituwa.
2. Immunotherapy
1. Don rashin lafiyar rhinitis mai tsanani, allergen - takamaiman immunotherapy (allergy Shots) na iya zama zaɓin magani na dogon lokaci mai tasiri.
Magungunan Tiyata
1. Tiyatar Kunne
1. Ana yin tympanoplasty don gyara kurajen kunne. Ana amfani da abubuwan da ake sakawa a cikin cochlear don magance mummunan asarar ji na ji.
2. Stapedectomy wani zaɓi ne na tiyata don wasu nau'ikan asarar ji.
2. Tiyatar hanci
1. Ana yin Septoplasty don gyara ɓarna mai ɓarna. Ana amfani da tiyata na Endoscopic sinus don magance sinusitis na yau da kullun da kuma cire polyps na hanci.
3. Tiyatar Maƙogwaro
1. Tonsillectomy shine cirewar tonsils na tiyata, yawanci ga ciwon tonsillitis mai maimaitawa. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) wani zaɓi ne na magani don hana barcin barci.
Kammalawa
ENT wata ƙwararriyar likita ce dabam kuma mai mahimmanci wacce ta shafi abubuwa da yawa na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, daga ji da magana zuwa numfashi da wari. Fahimtar yanayi na gama-gari, hanyoyin bincike, da zaɓuɓɓukan magani a cikin fagen ENT na iya taimaka wa daidaikun mutane su kula da lafiyarsu da neman kulawar da ta dace lokacin da ake buƙata. Ko dai lamari ne mai sauƙi na rashin lafiyar yanayi ko yanayi mai rikitarwa kamar sinusitis na yau da kullun ko asarar ji, ƙwararrun ENT suna sanye da ilimi da kayan aikin don samar da ingantaccen ganewar asali da magani.
