Intshayelelo
I-Intwam, isifinyezo esinokuvakala singaqhelekanga kwabaninzi, simele indlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala. Luhlobo olukhethekileyo lonyango olujongana nokuxilongwa, unyango, kunye nolawulo lwezaphulelo ezinxulumene nale mimandla mithathu ibalulekileyo ye-asatomical. Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikezeleni ukuqonda okubanzi lwentsebenzo, kubandakanya umda wayo, iimeko eziqhelekileyo, iindlela zokuxilonga, kunye neendlela zonyango.
Umda weNqaku
Indlebe
Indlebe sisibonelelo esinzima esinoxanduva lokuva kunye nokulinganisa. Iingcali ziphethe uluhlu olubanzi lwemicimbi enxulumene nendlebe.
1. Ukulahleka kwelahleko
1. Ilahleko yokuva ekwaziyo inokwenzeka ngenxa yeengxaki kwindlebe engaphandle okanye ephakathi, njengebhlokhi ye-e-buwax ibhlokhi, usulelo lwendlebe (i-otitis), ii-quedrings ze-otitis), okanye i-quedrings.
I-2. Ukulahleka kwetyala le-devaresirinerals kuhlala kuhambelana nomonakalo kwindlebe engaphakathi okanye i-nerve yophicotho-zincwadi. Inokubangelwa kukwaluphala (i-Presbycusis), ukuveza ingxolo enkulu, amayeza athile, okanye izinto zemvelo.
2. Usulelo lwendlebe
I-1. I-Otitis Engnte, ikwabizwa ngokuba yindlebe yombhali, sisifo sendlebe engaphandle, esidla ngokubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ifungi. Inokubangela intlungu, ityhefu, kunye nokukhupha.
2. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-Otitis Veedia sisifo sendlebe embi, esixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni. Inokukhokelela kwilahleko yethutyana yokuva kunye nentlungu yendlebe.
3. Imali yokulinganisa
I-1. I-Begn Paroxysmal verigo (i-BPPV) yimeko eqhelekileyo apho amasuntswana amancinci e-calcim kwindlebe engaphakathi ayafuduswa, ebangela ngequbuliso iziqhushumbisi.
2. I-Ménière sisifo esinganyangekiyo esichaphazela indlebe engaphakathi, ebangela i-verigo, ilahleko ye-vertigo, i-tinnitus, i-tinnitus (ikhala ezindlebeni), kunye nemvakalelo yokuzalisa endlebeni.
Impumlo
Impumlo ayibandakanyi kuphela kwimobi yevumba kodwa ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphefumleni kwaye icoce umoya esingena ngaphakathi.
1. Ukuxinana kwe-Nasal
I-1. I-allergic Rhinitis, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hay fever, yindlela yokuziphatha ye-airgric kwizinto ze-airbornerner kunye ne-poites, okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya, okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya. Kubangela ukuntywila, impumlo ebalekayo, uxinaniso lwempumlo, amehlo atyhutyha.
2. I-allergic Rhinitis inokubangelwa zizinto ezinje ngokubacaphukisa (umz.
2. I-Polyps ze-nasal
1. Ezi zithambileyo, ezithambileyo zokukhula ezikhulayo kwi-lambang yeendinyana zempumlo okanye izono. Banokuthintela umoya we-Nasal Airway, okhokelela kubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphulukana nephunga, kunye nempumlo ebalekayo.
3. ISinousitis
I-1. I-Ancute Senisitis ihlala isisiphumo sosulelo lwentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane emva kokubanda. Ibangela intlungu kunye nengcinezelo kwisono, ukuxinana kwe-nasal, kunye ne-ternick, i-nasal ye-Nasal.
I-2. Ukungaphelelwa kukona i-sisitis engapheliyo ihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezili-12 kwaye inokuba kungenxa yosulelo oluphindaphindiweyo, iipolyps ze-nasal, okanye ezingaqhelekanga.
Umqala
Umqala ubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi efana nokuphefumla, ukuginya, nokuthetha.
1. Tonsillitis
1. Kukupheliswa kwetoni, idla ngokubangelwa sisifo sentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane. Iimpawu ziquka umqala obuhlungu, ubunzima bokuginya, umkhuhlane, kunye neetoni ezidumbileyo.
2. I-laryngitis
1. Ukuvuvukala kweLarynx (ibhokisi yelizwi) kunokukhokelela ekudaleni, ilizwi elibuthathaka, okanye ilahleko epheleleyo yelizwi. Inokubangelwa kukusebenzisana kakhulu kwelizwi, usulelo, okanye i-acid Reflux.
3. Lala i-apnea
1. Ukuthintela i-apnea enqabileyo yenzeka xa imisipha ngasemva komqala waphinda walala kakhulu ngexesha lokulala, evimba umoya. Ikhokelela ekuphelisweni, ukurhangqa, kunye nokulala kade.
Iindlela zokuxilonga kwi-in
Uvavanyo lomzimba
Iingcali zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoviwo lomzimba.
1. I-Otoscope
1. Oku kusetyenziselwa ukuhlola i-canal yendlebe kunye ne-eardrum. Kuyanceda ekufumaneni usulelo lweendlebe, i-puwax blob, okanye iifolda ze-eardrum.
2. I-Rhinoscope
I-1. I-Rhinoscope, nokuba ingqongqo okanye iguqukele, isetyenziselwa ukubona ngaphakathi kwempumlo kunye nesono. Inokuchonga i-polyps ye-nasal, i-septum egcwele, okanye imiqondiso yesono.
3. I-larydoscope
I-1. I-Laydoscopes isetyenziselwa ukujonga i-larynx kunye neentambo zelizwi. Babalulekile ekuchongeni iimeko ezinje nge-laryngitis okanye amathumba omqala.
Uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo
1. I-AudiOmetry
1. Olu vavanyo lilinganisa ubuchule bomntu. Kuyanceda ekuchongeni uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lokulahleka kwexabiso.
2. I-Tympanometry
1. Ivavanya umsebenzi wendlebe ephakathi ngokulinganisa intshukumo ye-eardrum yokuphendula utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya.
3. I-Endoscopy ye-Nasal Endoscopy
1. Le nkqubo inika umbono oneenkcukacha ngeendinyana zempumlo kunye nesono. Ingasetyenziselwa i-biopsy yezicubu okanye ukususa i-nasal polyps.
Izinketho zonyango
Unyango lwezonyango
1. Amayeza
1. Usulelo lweendlebe, ii-antibiotics zinokumiselwa kwizifo zentsholongwane. I-Antihistamines kunye ne-Nasal Corticosteroids zihlala zisetyenziselwa i-allergic rhinitis kunye ne-sinitis.
2. Iindlebe zehla zinokunyanga usulelo lwangaphandle, ngelixa amayeza okunciphisa isiyezi asetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka.
2. I-gonotherapy
I-1. Kwi-allergic ye-allergic, i-allergen -upy ichanekile (i-allergy i-allergy) inokuba luhambo olusebenzayo lwexesha elide.
Unyango
1. Utyando lwendlebe
I-1. I-Tympnoplauty yenziwa ukulungisa i-eardrum eqholiweyo. Ukufakwa kweCochlear kusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukulahleka okukhulu kwetyala.
I-2. I-Stapedectomy yinketho yookhokho lweentlobo ezithile zokulahleka kwentengo.
2. Utyando
I-1. I-Septoplatty yenziwa ukulungisa i-septum ephelisiweyo. I-Endoscopic sinus utyando isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-senitis engapheliyo kwaye isuse i-zulps zempumlo.
3. Utyando
I-1. I-Tonnsillectomy yindawo yokususwa kwe-subnils, ihlala i-tonsillitis ephindaphindiweyo. I-UVulopalatopharypharypharyplasty (i-Upple) inketho yonyango lwe-apnea engapheliyo.
Ukuqukumbela
I-In Is yindawo eyahlukeneyo yezonyango echukumisa iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ekuvani nasekuthandeni nasekuphefumleni. Ukuqonda iimeko eziqhelekileyo, iindlela zokuxilonga, kunye neendlela zonyango ngaphakathi kwicandelo lezinto ezinokunceda abantu abalawule ngakumbi impilo yabo kwaye bafune ukhathalelo lwezonyango xa kufuneka. Nokuba lilityala elilula lezinto ezingamaxesha ngamaxesha okanye imeko entsonkothileyo njengelahleko engapheliyo okanye ilahleko yokuva, iingcali zixhotyiswe ngolwazi kunye nezixhobo zokubonelela ngoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango.
