Kusamba kwachilengedwe, njira yachilengedwe yachilengedwe, imayimira kutha kwa zaka kubereka kwa mayi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pa zaka 45 ndi 55, ngakhale nthawi yeniyeni imasiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu. Kusamba kumadziwika ndi kutha kwa nthawi ya kusamba komanso kuchepa kwa mahomoni a kubereka, makamaka estrogen ndi progesterone. Kusintha kumeneku, kodziwika ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana komanso kwamalingaliro, kumatha kukhumudwitsa kwambiri thanzi la mkazi komanso thanzi labwino. Kumvetsetsa magawo, zizindikiro, kuzindikira, ndi kasamalidwe ka kusintha kwa thupi ndikofunikira kumenya gawo la moyo ndi chitsimikizo.
I. Kusintha kwa Menopausal:
A. Perthemeeetherse: gawo lapitalo
Kutanthauzira ndi Kutalika kwa: Perimennopnopnople kumatanthauza nthawi yosinthira yomwe ikupangitsa kuti pakhale kusamba, pomwe kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni kumachitika, ndipo kusakhazikika kwa msambo kumachitika.
Zosintha m'magawo a mahomoni ndi njira zam'madzi: magawo a estrogen ndi progerterterone amasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa msambo, monga nthawi zosakhazikika, zazifupi kapena zosinthika.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino: Amayi amatha kudziwa zizindikiro za vasomotor (zotentha zotentha, thukuta usiku, kusintha kwa kugona, kuwuma kwa utoto, ndikusintha ku Libido.
B. Kutha: Kutha kwa kusamba
Tanthauzo ndi nthawi: Kusamba kumatanthauzidwe kwachipatala monga kusamba kwa miyezi 12 yotsatizana kwa miyezi 12 yotsatizana. M'badwo wamba wa chilengedwe chikhala zaka 51.
Kusintha kwa thupi ndi mahomoni a mahomoni: estrogen ndi progerterteone ndi progenten ndi promgen
Kusintha kwa thanzi la kubereka komanso chonde: kusamba kumayambitsa kutha kwa ule wosakhoza kubereka kwa mayi, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya ovarian ndi kutha kwa chonde.
C. Postnopager: Moyo pambuyo pa kusamba
Tanthauzo ndi Kutalika: Postnopoption imatengera gawo lotsatira la kusamba, kuthawa moyo wonse wa mkazi.
Kupitiliza kusintha kwa mahomoni ndi malingaliro azaumoyo: Ngakhale magawo estrogen amakhalabe kusinthasintha kochepa, mahomoni amatha kupitiliza, kusintha kwa mafupa, thanzi la mtima, komanso thanzi lonse.
Kuopsa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kupewa matenda: Akazi a postmenopausal ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha osteoperososis, matenda amtima, komanso khansa zina. Zosintha mosiyanasiyana komanso njira zodzitetezera ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zizikhala zathanzi komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
Ii. Zizindikiro zakutha:
A. Vasomotor Zizindikiro
Kuwala kotentha ndi thukuta usiku: Kutenthetsedwa mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri kumayenda ndi kutulutsa, thukuta, ndi palpitations.
Kuchulukana ndi Kuumbira: Zizindikiro za vasomotor zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa azimayi, ndipo ena amakumana ndi zovuta zina zopsinjika nthawi zina.
Kusintha pa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kugona kwa magonedwe: Kuwala kotentha ndi thukuta usiku kumatha kusokoneza ukwati, zomwe zimayambitsa kutopa, kusokonekera, komanso nthawi yamasana.
B. Genitouritary Zizindikiro
Kuwuma Kwakunja Kwakuthupi: Kuchepa kwa estrogen kumatha kuwuma, kuyabwa, kuyaka, komanso kusapeza bwino pa kugonana.
Kusintha kwamikodzo komanso kusanja: Kusintha kwa kwamikodzo thirakiti, monga pafupipafupi, kufulumira, komanso kusakhazikika, kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa Estrogen.
Zochita Zogonana ndi Zovuta Zaubwenzi: Genitouritary Zizindikiro zitha kukhudza chilakolako cha kugonana, oyambitsa, komanso chikhutiro, chokhudza ubale ndi ubale.
C. Zizindikiro zamaganizidwe
Kusintha kwa maselo ndi kusakhazikika kwa malingaliro: Kusinthasinthasintha kwa mahomoni pakutha kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa maselo, kukwiya, nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa.
Kuda nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa: Amayi amatha kumva kuti ali ndi nkhawa, chisoni, kapena kutaya mtima pakutha kwa kusamba, kufunikira thandizo komanso upangiri.
Kusintha kwanzeru ndi kudana ndi kukumbukira: Amayi ena amatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa ntchito ya kuzindikira, monga kuiwala, kumavuta kuyang'ana kwambiri, ndi malingaliro am'mutu, zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi moyo.
Iii. Kuzindikira Kutha:
A. Kuwunika kwamankhwala ndi mbiri yazachipatala: Ophunzitsa azaumoyo amawona kuti azimayi, mbiri yazachipatala, komanso msambo kuti adziwe gawo la kusintha kwa thupi.
B. Zizindikiro kuwunika komanso kupezeka kwa mbiri yakale: kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za zopeka, komanso kusintha kwa kusamba kwa msambo, kupereka zosintha za kuperewera kwa msambo, kupereka njira zofunika kuziperekera.
Mayeso a C. Labotale: Kuyesa kwa magazi kuyeza mahomoni, monga mahomoni olimbikitsa (FSH) ndi Estradiol, angathandize kutsimikizira mawonekedwe a Menopasal.
D. Kulingalira Kafukufuku: Pelvic Ultrasound ndi mafupa scan (dexa scan) atha kuchitidwa kuti ayesetse kuwunika kwabwino kubereka ndi kachulukidwe ka mafupa, motsatana.
Iv. Zosankha Zowongolera Zovuta za Menopausal:
A. Kusintha kwa Moyo
Zakudya ndi Zakudya Zopatsa: Zakudya zoyenera zokhala ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu zonse, komanso mapuloteni athunthu, komanso mapuloteni a kutseka amatha kuthandiza thanzi lathunthu.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kusambira, kusambira, kapena yoga, kumatha kusintha mikhalidwe, komanso kulimbitsa thupi.
Maluso owongolera kupsinjika: Kuyesetsa kuchita maluso, kukumbukira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso njira zochepetsera, komanso njira zochepetsera zimatha kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi.
B. Hormone Refymment mankhwala (HRT)
Mankhwala a estrogen: zosintha kapena malo am'deralo kapena malo am'deralo amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro za vasomotor, zizindikiro za genitourinal, ndi ukazi.
Kuphatikiza kwa Estrogen-Progentin. Kuphatikiza estgen-progenten mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa kuti azimayi omwe ali ndi chiwembu chothana ndi vuto la endometria ndi khansa.
Ubwino, zoopsa, ndi kulingalira: HRT ikhoza kupereka chitsimikizo koma imagwirizana ndi zoopsa, kuphatikizapo zochitika za mtima, khansa ya m'mawere, ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Zisankho payekha pa zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kuganizira za zaka za mayiyo, zizindikiro, mbiriyakale ya zamankhwala, komanso zolinga zoopsa.
C. Mankhwala osakhala mahomoni
Kusankha serotonin kuyimilira zoletsa (ssris) mankhwala a antidepressant, monga paroxetine ndi Venlafaxine, kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za vasomotor ndi chisokonezo.
Gabapentin ndi Pregabalin: Mankhwala a anticonvulform, monga gabapentin ndi pregacalin, asonyeza bwino pakuchepetsa kutentha kotentha ndikuwongolera mkokomo.
Antidepressants ndi antiyilonvulsalants: mankhwala ena, monga Duloxetine ndi Gabapentin, kuphatikiza zizindikiro za Menopasal ndi Vutotor Matendawa.
D. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena
Zitsamba zowonjezera zitsamba: monga mapiri a phytoestrogenic, a soya wakuda, ndi clover clover, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zizindikiro za penopausal, ngakhale umboni woyenera umasakanikirana.
Acupunctucncon ndi Chikhalidwe Chachine: Mankhwala a Chinese amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro kuti azimayi ena akukumana ndi zosokoneza zotentha, zosokoneza bongo, komanso kusintha kwa zinthu.
Njira za Maganizo: Yoga, kusinkhasinkha, maluso opumula amatha kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nkhawa, kumverera bwino, komanso thanzi labwino.
Maganizo a V.
A. Osteoporosis ndi Health Health: Amayi a postmenopasal ali pachiwopsezo cha osteoporosis ndi zonunkhira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa estrogen ndi kutaya kwa mafupa. Calcium, vitamini D, zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo mankhwala olimbitsa thupi amatha kuthandiza kukhala athanzi.
B. Mtima Mtima Wodwala: Kuperewera kwa estrogen kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda amtima, kuphatikizapo matenda a marronary ardery, stroke, ndi mtima kulephera. Zosintha zina, monga kusuta zingwe, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, komanso zizolowezi zodyerera bwino, zimatha kuchepetsa nkhawa za mtima.
C. Kunyamuka kufooka ndi dementia: Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti mahopasal mahomoni atha kupangitsa kuti agwire bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha Dermentia m'manda a postmenopausal. Komabe, kafukufuku winanso ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zotsatira za mankhwala a estrogen pa chiopsezo cha chiopsezo chanzeru komanso dementia.
D. Zojambula Zaumoyo nthawi zonse komanso chisamaliro: Amayi a postmenopaus ayenera kuyika zochitika zaumoyo wokhazikika, kuphatikizapo mamography, mawonekedwe a mafupa, ndikuthana ndi mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi zaka zokhudzana ndi zaka.
Kusamba ndi gawo losinthanitsa moyo womwe umabweretsa zovuta zapadera ndi mwayi wa thanzi la azimayi komanso moyo wabwino. Mwa kumvetsetsa magawo, zizindikiro, kuzindikira, ndi zosankha zogwirizanitsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusanja kwa kusanjana, azimayi amatha kuyang'ana kusinthaku ndi chidaliro, kulimba, komanso kupatsa mphamvu, ndi kupatsa mphamvu. Ophunzira azaumoyo amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri popereka chisamaliro chokwanira, thandizo, ndi maphunziro othandiza azimayi kuti azitha kukhala ndi thanzi komanso pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawi. Ndi njira yotetezera ku Menopausal Productional, kuphatikizapo zosintha za moyo, zomwe amakonda mahomoni, ndi kulowererapo kwa mutu watsopanowu kwa moyo ndi nyonga, chisomo, ndi kulimba mtima.
