Ukuya esikhathini, inqubo yemvelo yemvelo, isho ukuphela kweminyaka yokuzala yowesifazane. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-45 no-55, yize isikhathi esiqondile siyahlukahluka kubantu. Ukuya esikhathini kubonakaliswa ngokuhlelwa kwezikhathi zokuya esikhathini kanye nokwehla kwama-hormone okuzala, ikakhulukazi i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Lokhu kuguqulwa, okumakwe izinguquko ezahlukahlukene ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, kungathinta kakhulu impilo yowesifazane nenhlala-kahle. Ukuqonda izigaba, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokuphathwa kokuya esikhathini kubalulekile ukuze uzulazule lesi sigaba sempilo ngokuzethemba nenduduzo.
I. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Menopausal:
A. Perimenopause: isigaba esandulele
Ukuchazwa nobusuku
Izinguquko emazingeni e-hormone kanye namaphethini okuya esikhathini: Amazinga okuya esikhathini: Ukuhamba ngezinguquko kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, njengezikhathi ezingekho emthethweni, ezimfushane noma ezinde, kanye nezinguquko zokugeleza.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile nezinselelo: Abesifazane bangathola izimpawu ze-vasomotor (izibani ezishisayo, izithukuthuku zasebusuku), ukuphazamiseka kokulala, izinguquko zemood, izinguquko eLibido.
B. Ukuya esikhathini: Ukuqedwa kokuya esikhathini
Ukuchazwa kanye nesikhathi: Ukuya esikhathini kuchazwa ngokomtholampilo njengokungabikho kwezikhathi zokuya esikhathini kwezinyanga eziyi-12 zilandelana. Ubudala obuphakathi nendawo bokuya esikhathini lemvelo buneminyaka engaba ngu-51.
Izinguquko ze-physiological kanye namashifu we-hormonal: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone kuncipha, okuholela ezinguquko emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yomzimba nezinhlelo, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokuzala, kufaka phakathi nezinhlelo zezinzwa.
Umthelela empilweni yokuzala nokuzala: Ukuya esikhathini kuphawula ukuphela kwekhono lokuzala lowesifazane, ngokuncipha komsebenzi we-ovarian kanye nokuhlelwa kokuzala.
C. Postmenopause: Ukuphila Ngemuva Kokuya esikhathini
Ukuchazwa nobusuku
Izinguquko eziqhubekayo zeHormonal kanye nokucatshangelwa kwempilo: Ngenkathi amazinga e-estrogen ahlala ephansi, ukuguquguquka kwe-hormonal kungaqhubeka, kunomthelela wobuningi bethambo, impilo yenhliziyo kanye nenhlala-kahle.
Izingozi zempilo zesikhathi eside nezifo zokuvimbela izifo: Abesifazane basemuva kwe-postmenopapulausal basengozini enkulu ye-Osteoporosis, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nomdlavuza othile. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela zibalulekile ekugcineni impilo kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bezifo.
II. Izimpawu zokuya esikhathini:
A. Izimpawu zeVasomotor
I-Hot Floves kanye nokujuluka kobusuku: imizwa engazelelwe, ejulile yokushisa, imvamisa ihambisana nokugcwala, ukujuluka, kanye nama-palpitations.
Imvamisa kanye nobulukhuni: Izimpawu zeVasomotor ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kubantu besifazane, abanye abahlangabezana nezikhathi zobumnene ngezikhathi ezithile nabanye ababhekene neziqephu ezinzima.
Umthelela emisebenzini yansuku zonke nekhwalithi yokulala: Ukukhanya okushisayo kanye nokujuluka ebusuku kungaphazamisa amaphethini okulala, okuholela ekukhathaleni, ukungacasuki kanye nokusebenza kosuku lokungasebenzi.
B. Izimpawu zeGenitoourinary
Ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nokungaphatheki kahle: Amazinga we-estrogen anciphile angaholela ekutheni amazinga e-estrogen angaholela ekutheni, ukulunywa, ukushiswa, nokungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini.
Izinguquko ze-Urinary kanye nokungapheli: Izinguquko ephepheni lomchamo, njengemvamisa eyengeziwe, ukuphuthuma, nokungapheli, kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-estrogen.
Ukusebenza kwezocansi kanye nokukhathazeka ngezinto ezithinta inhliziyo
C. Izimpawu zengqondo
Ukushintshwa kwemizwelo nokungazinzi kwemizwelo
Ukukhathazeka kanye nokudangala: Abesifazane bangathola ukuqiniseka ukukhathazeka, ukudabuka, noma ukuphelelwa yithemba ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, kudinga ukusekelwa okungokomzwelo nokwelulekwa.
Izinguquko zokuqonda kanye nokukhathazeka kwenkumbulo: Abanye besifazane bangabona ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, njengokukhohlwa, ubunzima bokugxila, nenkungu yengqondo, okungathinta ukusebenza nsuku zonke kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.
III. Ukuxilongwa kokuya esikhathini:
A. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kanye nomlando wezokwelapha: Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bahlola izimpawu zowesifazane, umlando wezokwelapha kanye namaphethini okuya esikhathini ukuthola isigaba sokuya esikhathini.
B. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlaziywa kwezimpawu nokuya esikhathini: Ukuba khona nobunzima bezimpawu ze-menurausal, kanye noshintsho emaphethini okuya esikhathini, nikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuxilonga.
C. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala amazinga we-hormone, njenge-hormone evuselelayo ye-follicle (Fsh) ne-Estradiol, kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni isimo se-Menopasul.
D. Izifundo Zokucabanga: I-Pelvic ultrasound ne-bone density scan (i-dexa scan) ingenziwa ukuhlola impilo yezitho zokuzala kanye nobuningi bethambo, ngokulandelana.
IV. Izinketho Zokuphathwa Kwezimpawu Ze-Menopausal:
A. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila
Ukudla nokudla: Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okugcwele kanye namaprotheni anciphile angasekela impilo yonke futhi adambise izimpawu zokumehlukanisa.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo nangokomzimba: ukuzivivinya umzimba njalo, njengokuhamba ngejubane, ukubhukuda, noma i-yoga, kungathuthukisa imizwa, ikhwalithi yokulala, kanye nokuqina komzimba.
Amasu wokuphathwa kwengcindezi: Ukuzijwayeza amasu wokuphumula, ukucabanga, ukuzivocavoca okujulile kokuphefumula, kanye namasu wokunciphisa ukucindezela kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokukhuthaza inhlala-kahle engokomzwelo.
B. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
I-Estrogen Therapy: Ukubuyiselwa kwe-estrogen noma indawo ye-estrogen yasendaweni kungadambisa izimpawu ze-vasomotor, izimpawu zezona zofuzo, ne-atrophy yangasese sowesifazane.
Ukwelapha okuhlanganisiwe kwe-estrogen-progestin
Izinzuzo, ubungozi, kanye nokucatshangelwa: I-HRT inganikeza impumuzo kodwa ihlotshaniswa nezingozi ezingaba khona, kufaka phakathi imicimbi yenhliziyo, umdlavuza webele, kanye nemicimbi ye-thromboemolic. Izinqumo zokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye zicubungule iminyaka yowesifazane, izimpawu, umlando wezokwelapha kanye nezici zobungozi.
C. Imithi engeyona hormonal
I-Serotonin Reaptake inhibitors (SSRIS): Imithi ye-antidepressant, efana ne-paroxetine ne-venlafaxine, ingasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-vasomotor kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.
I-Gabapentin ne-Pregabalin: Imithi ye-anticonvulvent, efana ne-GABAPENTIN ne-Pregabalin, bakhombise ukusebenza kahle ekunciphiseni izimbali ezishisayo nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokulala.
Ama-antidepressants kanye nama-anticonVulsants: imithi ethile, njenge-Duloxetine ne-Gabapentin, ingahle ichazwe ngaphandle kwelebula ukuphatha izimpawu ze-menurausal, kufaka phakathi izimpawu ze-vasomotor nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
D. IZIMPAWU NOKUFINYELELA KANYE
Izithasiselo ze-Herbal: amakhambi ePhytoestrogenic, anjenge-cohosh black, soy isoflavoines, kanye ne-clover ebomvu, ajwayele ukunciphisa ukunciphisa izimpawu zokwehluleka, yize ubufakazi bokusebenza kahle buhlanganiswa.
I-Acupuncture kanye nemithi yendabuko yesiShayina: i-acupuncture kanye nemithi yendabuko yesiShayina ingahle inikeze usizo lwezimpawu zabesifazane abathile ababhekene nokukhanya okushisayo, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, nezinguquko zemood.
Imikhuba Yomzimba Wengqondo: I-Yoga, Ukuzindla, ama-Tai Chi, kanye namasu wokuphumula kungakhuthaza ukuncishiswa kwengcindezelo, ukulinganisela okungokomzwelo, kanye nenhlala-kahle ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
V. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezempilo Isikhathi Eside:
A. Ama-Osteoporosis ne-Bone Health: Abesifazane basemuva kwe-Postmenopausals basengozini enkulu ye-Osteoporosis kanye nama-fractures ngenxa yokuncipha kwamazinga e-estrogen kanye nokulahleka kobuningi bethambo. I-calcium, vithamini d, izivivinyo ezithwala isisindo, nemithi yokuqinisa amathambo ingasiza ukugcina impilo yamathambo.
B. Ingozi Yezifo Zenhliziyo Yezinhliziyo: Ukuntuleka kwe-estrogen kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyandayo yesifo senhliziyo, kufaka nesifo se-coronary artery, i-stroke, nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, njengokuqhekeka kokubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nemikhuba yokudla okunempilo, kunganciphisa izici zobungozi bezinhliziyo.
C. Ukwehla kwengqondo nokuwohloka komqondo: Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwama-hormone we-menopausal kungathonya umsebenzi wokuqonda futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo kwabesifazane abasethulo. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukucacisa imiphumela yokwelashwa kwe-estrogen kokuguga nokuwohloka komqondo.
D. Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Okujwayelekile kanye nokunakekelwa kokuvinjelwa
Ukuya esikhathini kuyisigaba sokuphila esiguqukayo esiveza izinselelo ezihlukile namathuba wempilo yabesifazane nenhlala-kahle. Ngokuqonda izigaba, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nezinketho zokuphatha ezihambisana nokuya esikhathini, abesifazane bangakwazi ukuzulazula kulolu shintsho ngokuzethemba, ukuqina nokunikwa amandla. Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo badlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni ukunakekelwa okuphelele, ukusekelwa, kanye nemfundo yokusiza abesifazane ukuthi bandise impilo yabo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo ngesikhathi nangemva kokuya esikhathini. Ngendlela ephelele yokuphathwa kweMenopausal, kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, ukwelashwa kwama-hormone, kanye nokungenelela kobufakazi, abesifazane bangakwazi ukwamukela lesi sahluko esisha sokuphila ngamandla, umusa, kanye nokuqina.
