Abaqaphi beziguli bangamathuluzi abalulekile ezilungiselelweni zezokwelapha, ukuhlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela kwizimpawu ezibalulekile zesiguli. Lezi ziqapha zibonisa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene asiza ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bahlole isimo sesiguli futhi baphendule ngokushesha kunoma yiziphi izinguquko. Lo mbhalo uhlose ukuchaza amapharamitha amahlanu ajwayelekile abaqaphi beziguli, ukubaluleka kwawo, nokuthi ama-demormities akhona kula mapharamitha angakhombisa izindaba ezithile zezempilo.

Yini i-Monitor yesiguli?

I-Monitor Yesineke iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zezempilo ukukala ngokuqhubekayo nokubonisa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene omzimba wesiguli. Lezi ziqapha zibalulekile kumayunithi wokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa (i-ICUS), amakamelo okusebenza, iminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo, nezinye izindawo lapho kuqhubeka khona umbono wesiguli.

Amapharamitha amahlanu ajwayelekile abaphambukayo beziguli

Amapharamitha ajwayelekile aqashwe yile:

• I-Electrocardiography (ECG)

• Umfutho Wegazi (BP)

• I-OXYGEN SAYATION (SPO2)

• Isilinganiso sokuphefumula (RR)

• Izinga lokushisa nokubanda

1. I-Electrocardiography (ECG)

Kuyini i-ECG?

I-Electrocardiography ilinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. I-ECG imelelwa njenge-waveform ku-Monitor, ikhombisa isigqi senhliziyo kanye nokwenziwa kukagesi.

Ngabe ilinganiswa kanjani i-ECG?

Ama-electrodes abekwe esikhunjeni seziguli ezindaweni ezithile ukuthola izifiso zikagesi ezikhiqizwe yinhliziyo. Lezi zifiso zivezwa njengegrafu yomugqa oqhubekayo ku-Monitor.

Ukubaluleka kwe-ECG

• Isilinganiso senhliziyo: Inani lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngomzuzu.

• Isigqi senhliziyo: iphethini kanye nokuvama kwenhliziyo.

• I-Electrical Conduction: ikhombisa umsebenzi kagesi njengoba uhamba ngomsipha wenhliziyo.

• Ukuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile kwe-ECG kanye nezimo ezihambisanayo

• IBradyCardia: Ukukala kwenhliziyo kungaphansi kwama-beats angama-60 ngomzuzu. Ingabonisa izingqinamba ezinjenge-hypothyroidism noma ibhulokhi yenhliziyo.

• I-Tachycardia: ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngaphezulu kwe-100 beats ngomzuzu. Kungaphakamisa imibandela efana nomkhuhlane, ukomisa, noma ukukhathazeka.

• I-Arrhythmias: Ukushaywa kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okungakhomba ku-Fibrillation attrial, i-ventricular fibrillation, noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo.

• Izinguquko ze-ST Segment: Ukuphakanyiswa noma ukudangala ku-ST Segment kungakhombisa ukungasebenzi kwe-MyOCardial (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo) noma i-Ischemia.

2. Ingcindezi yegazi (BP)

Uyini umfutho wegazi?

Umfutho wegazi ubutho obusetshenziselwe igazi ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Kukalwa ngamamilimitha weMercury (MMHG) futhi aqoshwe njengamanani amabili: ISystolic (ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwenhliziyo) kanye ne-diastolic (ingcindezi phakathi kwenhliziyo).

Kulinganiswa kanjani umfutho wegazi?

Umfutho wegazi uvame ukukalwa usebenzisa i-cuff ibekwe ezungeze ingalo. I-cuff ikhuphuka ukumisa okwesikhashana ukugeleza kwegazi okwesikhashana bese kunciphisa kancane kancane, ukukala ingcindezi njengoba ukugeleza kwegazi kuqale kabusha.

Ukubaluleka komfutho wegazi

• Ingcindezi yeSystolic: Ibonisa ingcindezi emihlolweni lapho inhliziyo ishaya.

• Ingcindezi ye-Diastolic: Ibonisa ingcindezi emithandweni yemithambo lapho inhliziyo iphumule phakathi kokushaya.

• Izingcindezi zegazi ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile kanye nezimo ezihambisanayo

• I-Hypertension: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (≥130 / 80 mmhg). Kungaholela ezifweni zenhliziyo, unhlangothi nezinkinga zezinso.

• I-hypotension: umfutho wegazi ophansi (≤90 / 60 mmhg). Kungadala isiyezi, ukufela, nokushaqeka.

• I-Orthostatic hypotension: ukwehla okubalulekile emfuthweni wegazi lapho emi khona, engadala isiyezi nokuphela amandla.

I-3. I-OXYGEN SAMPARATION (SPO2)

Uyini umgcini we-oksijini?

Ukugcwaliswa kwe-oksijini kulinganisa amaphesenti ama-molecule we-hemoglobin egazini eligcwele umoya-mpilo. Kuyinkomba ebucayi yokuthi i-oksijini ihanjiswa kanjani ezithweni zomzimba.

Ngabe kulinganiswa kanjani umoya-mpilo?

I-SPO2 ilinganiswa ingahlaseli isebenzisa i-oximeter ye-pulse, ngokuvamile ibekwe ngomunwe, e-Earlobe, noma uzwane. Le divayisi isebenzisa ukumuncwa kokukhanya ngombhede we-vascular odonsayo ukuthola ukugcwala komoya-mpilo.

Ukubaluleka Komoya Oksijini

• Ububanzi obujwayelekile: ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwama-95% no-100%.

• I-Hypoxemia: I-Oxygen Saturation engezansi kwe-90%, ekhombisa umoya-mpilo onganele egazini, edinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

• Izimo ezijwayelekile ze-spo2 ezijwayelekile nezimo ezihambisanayo

• I-SPO2 ephansi (i-hypoxemia): ingahle ibangelwa izimo ezinjengesifo esingama-pulmonary esingama-pulmonary (i-Pneumonia, i-asthma, noma i-acute respiratory despiratory dessiration syndrome (ADDS).

• I-SPO2 ephezulu: akuvamile ukuba kube yinkinga ngaphandle kokuthi kuhlobene nokwelashwa okungafanele komoya, okubangela ubuthi be-oksijini kubantu abasengozini.

4. Izinga lokuphefumula (RR)

Kuyini isilinganiso sokuphefumula?

Izinga lokuphefumula liyinombolo yomoya othathwe ngomzuzu. Kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile esibonisa impilo yokuphefumula kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesiguli.

Ngabe kulinganiswa kanjani isilinganiso sokuphefumula?

Izinga lokuphefumula lingalinganiswa ngokubheka ukuba isifuba sikhuphuka futhi siwe noma sisebenzisa izinzwa ezithola ukunyakaza kwe-airflow noma esifubeni.

Ukubaluleka kwesilinganiso sokuphefumula

• Ububanzi obujwayelekile: Ngokuvamile u-12-20 uphefumula umzuzu wabantu abadala.

• Amaphethini okuphefumula: Izinguquko ngesilinganiso nokujula kokuphefumula kungakhombisa izindaba ezahlukahlukene zezempilo.

• Izinga lokuphefumula okuvamile okujwayelekile kanye nezimo ezihambisanayo

• I-Tachypnea: Izinga lokuphefumula elikhulayo (ukuphefumula okungaphezu kwama-20 ngomzuzu). Kungabangelwa yizimo ezinjenge-fever, ukukhathazeka, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

• I-Bradypnea: Isilinganiso sokuphefumula esinciphile (ngaphansi kokuphefumula okungu-12 ngomzuzu). Kungabonakala ku-opioid ngokweqile, ukulimala ekhanda, noma i-hypothyroidism enzima.

• I-Apnea: Izikhathi zokuphefumula, ezingakhombisa i-apnea yokulala, izidakamizwa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa, noma izimo ezinzima zokuphefumula.

5. Ukushisa

Kuyini izinga lokushisa?

Ukushisa komzimba kuyisilinganiso sekhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza nokususa ukushisa. Kuyinkomba ebucayi yomsebenzi we-metabolic kanye nempilo yonke.

Kulinganiswa kanjani izinga lokushisa?

Ukushisa kungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa ama-thermometer abekwe ngomlomo, ngokuqondile, i-axillary (ngaphansi kwengalo), noma ngendlebe (tympanic). Abaphambukeli beziguli ezithuthukile bavame ukufaka izinketho zokushisa ezinikeza ukufundwa okuqhubekayo.

Ukubaluleka kokushisa

• Ububanzi obujwayelekile: Ngokuvamile 97 ° F kuya ku-99 ° F (36.1 ° C kuya ku-37.2 ° C).

• Izwe le-Febrile: Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme (umkhuhlane) livame ukukhombisa ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala.

• Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kanye nezimo ezihambisanayo

• I-Hyperthermia (umkhuhlane): izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme ngenhla kwe-100.4 ° F (38 ° C). Kungabangelwa ukutheleleka, ama-heathroke, izimo zokuvuvukala, noma umuthi othile.

• I-hypothermia: izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingaphansi kwama-95 ° F (35 ° C). Kubangelwa ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kubanda, ukushaqeka, noma ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwe-metabolic.

• Ukungazinzi kokushisa: ukuguquguquka kokushintshana kungabonakala ezimweni ezinjenge-sepsis noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid.

Ukuhlanganisa amapharamitha wokuqapha okuphelele

Ukuqapha lezi zinhlaka ezinhlanu kuhlinzeka ngombono ophelele wempilo yesiguli. Ipharamitha ngalinye linikeza ukuqonda okuhlukile, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kuvumela abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi babone izimpawu zokuwohloka, benze ukuxilongwa okunembile, kanye nokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-Cardiopulmonary (CPR): I-CPR esebenza ngempumelelo idinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-ECG, BP, ne-SPO2 ukuqinisekisa ukuphekela okwanele kanye ne-oxygenation.

• Ukunakekelwa kwe-post-strip: Ukuqapha okusondele kwawo wonke amapharamitha amahlanu kubalulekile ukuthola izinkinga ezinjengokuphamba, ukutheleleka, noma ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.

• Ukuphathwa kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona: iziguli ezinezimo ezingamahlalakhona njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, i-COPD, noma isifo sikashukela ziyazuza ekuqapheleni njalo ukuphatha izimo zazo futhi zivikele iziqephu ezingezinhle.

Abaqaphi beziguli badlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwanamuhla ngokuqhubeka ngokulandela amapharamitha asemqoka ngokomzimba. Ukuqonda amapharamitha amahlanu ajwayelekile - umfutho wegazi, umfutho wegazi, ukugcwala komoya-mpilo, izinga lokuphefumula, nokushisa - kuyasiza ekuboneni ukubaluleka kwawo ekunakekelweni kweziguli. Ipharamitha ngayinye ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngempilo yesiguli, futhi ukungahambi kahle kulokhu kufundwa kungakhombisa izimo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa, ukuqondisa ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekuletheni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nokwenziwe ngesikhathi. Ngokuhlanganisa la mapharamitha, abaqaphi beziguli banikela kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono imiphumela yeziguli kanye nokuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okuphelele.