Matenda a mtima akadali vuto lalikulu la thanzi m'madera amasiku ano, ndipo myocardial infarction (mtima) ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse, miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri imatayika kapena kukhudzidwa ndi matenda a mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale kofunika kumvetsetsa zizindikiro ndi kuyankha moyenera. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kufufuza mozama kwa matenda a mtima, kuphatikizapo zomwe zili, zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro zodziwika bwino, ndi zoyenera kuchita, kuonetsetsa kuti mwakonzekera bwino kuti muyankhe pa vuto lalikululi.
Gawo 1: Kumvetsetsa Matenda a Mtima
1. Kodi Matenda a Mtima N'chiyani?
Matenda a mtima, omwe amadziwikanso kuti myocardial infarction, ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima lomwe limachitika pamene magazi amalowa mu minofu ya mtima asokonezeka, makamaka chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya coronary. Mitsempha imeneyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoperekera mpweya ndi zakudya ku minofu ya mtima. Akatsekedwa, gawo lina la minofu ya mtima likhoza kuwonongeka kapena kufa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa okosijeni, zomwe zimapanga maziko a matenda a mtima.
2. Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a Mtima
Matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yambiri, kusuta fodya, shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a mtima. Zinthu izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi zolembera m'mitsempha ya coronary, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziundana. Kuonjezera apo, zaka, jenda, ndi majini zingayambitsenso chiopsezo chodwala matenda a mtima. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo chanu ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse ndikofunikira paumoyo wamtima.
Zizindikiro Zodziwika za Kugunda kwa Mtima
Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zimatha kusiyana ndi munthu, koma zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi kolemetsa, kufinya, kapena kukakamiza, komwe kumatha kutulukira kumbuyo, mapewa, ndi mikono. Kupweteka kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumatenga mphindi zingapo kapena kupitilira apo.
Mseru ndi kusanza
Kupuma pang'ono
Nkhawa yosalekeza
Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
Kutopa
Kukula ndi kutalika kwa zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana pakati pa anthu, koma ndikofunika kukhala tcheru, chifukwa izi zikhoza kukhala zizindikiro za matenda a mtima.
Gawo 2: Kuthana ndi Matenda a Mtima
1. Kuzindikira Zizindikiro za Kugunda kwa Mtima
Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro za matenda a mtima n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kuzindikira mwamsanga ndi kuchitapo kanthu kungapulumutse miyoyo. Ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, chitanipo kanthu mwamsanga:
Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kupuma movutikira komanso nseru.
Ululu umene umapitirirabe kapena ukukulirakulira.
2. Kuyimba Ntchito Zadzidzidzi
Mukakayikira kuti inuyo kapena munthu wina akukumana ndi vuto la mtima, imbani thandizo ladzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo (monga 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yakudera lanu). Osayesa kudzinyamula kapena kufunafuna chithandizo china, chifukwa nthawi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa odwala matenda a mtima. Magulu oyankha mwadzidzidzi ali ndi luso lofunikira komanso zida zoperekera chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Aspirin (Ngati Alangizidwa)
Ngati mwalangizidwa ndi dokotala kuti muli pachiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, angakulimbikitseni kutafuna aspirin pamene zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zimachitika. Aspirin ingathandize kupewa mapangidwe a magazi ndi kuchepetsa ntchito ya mtima. Komabe, mugwiritseni ntchito aspirin monga mwauzira dokotala, chifukwa sangakhale woyenera kwa aliyense.
4. Kupewa Zochita Zotopetsa
Pamene zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zikuyamba, pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kupumula n’kofunika, chifukwa kuchita zinthu mwamphamvu kungachulukitse zizindikiro ndi kukulitsa kupsyinjika kwa mtima.
5. Kuchita Kutsitsimula kwa Cardiopulmonary (CPR) ngati kuli kofunikira
Ngati mwaphunzitsidwa CPR ndipo mukudziwa momwe mungayendetsere, chitanipo kanthu pakafunika. CPR ikhoza kuthandizira kusunga mpweya wabwino mpaka chithandizo chamankhwala chitafika. Ngati simukudziwa bwino za CPR, wotumiza pa foni yadzidzidzi angakutsogolereni njira zoyenera mutayitana thandizo.
Gawo 3: Kudzisamalira Poyembekezera Thandizo Lachipatala
1. Khalani bata
Ngakhale kuti zimakhala zovuta panthawi ya matenda a mtima, yesetsani kukhala odekha momwe mungathere. Nkhawa imatha kukulitsa zizindikiro ndikuwonjezera kulemedwa mtima. Njira zopumira kwambiri komanso kusinkhasinkha zingakuthandizeni kupumula thupi ndi malingaliro anu.
2. Chew Aspirin (Ngati alangizidwa)
Ngati dokotala akulimbikitsani kutafuna aspirin pamene zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zimachitika, tsatirani malangizo awo. Monga tanenera kale, asipirini angathandize, koma musadzipatse nokha mankhwala, chifukwa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa kwa anthu ena.
3. Tsatirani Malangizo Achipatala
Gulu lachipatala likafika, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo awo. Adzawunika mkhalidwe wanu ndikutenga njira zoyenera zothandizira, zomwe zingaphatikizepo mankhwala kapena njira zothandizira.
4. Pezani Thandizo ndi Thandizo kwa Banja ndi Anzanu
Thandizo lochokera kwa okondedwa ndilofunika panthawi yochira. Musazengereze kupempha thandizo ndikufotokozera zakukhosi kwanu. Kudwala kwa mtima sikumangokhudza thupi komanso kumakhudza maganizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhalapo ndi chithandizo cha ena kukhala chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi vutoli.
Gawo 4: Kupewa Matenda a Mtima
1. Kufunika kwa Moyo Wathanzi
Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndiye chinsinsi chopewera matenda a mtima. Nazi malingaliro ena:
2. Khalani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Idyani zipatso zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu zonse, ndi mafuta athanzi pamene mumachepetsa mafuta odzaza ndi mafuta a kolesterolini.
Zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi: Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 150 pamlungu, monga kuyenda mwachangu, kupalasa njinga, kapena kusambira.
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika: Phunzirani njira zowongolera kupsinjika, monga kusinkhasinkha, yoga, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mozama.
Muzigona mokwanira: Muzigona mokwanira usiku kuti mtima wanu ukhale wathanzi.
Control Zowopsa
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yayikulu, matenda a shuga, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mtima, gwirani ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu kuti muwone ndikuwongolera izi. Mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa moyo kungakhale kofunikira.
3. Malangizo Olimbitsa Thupi ndi Zakudya Zabwino
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi sikumangochepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima komanso kumathandizira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Popeza thanzi la aliyense ndi zosowa zake ndizosiyana, funsani dokotala kapena katswiri wa kadyedwe kuti mupange ndondomeko yolimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya zoyenera.
4. Siyani Kusuta ndi Kuchepetsa Kumwa Mowa
Kusiya kusuta ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zopewera matenda a mtima, chifukwa kusuta ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepetsa kumwa mowa n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumwa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse matenda a mtima.
Matenda a mtima ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi, koma pomvetsetsa zizindikiro zake ndi zochita zoyenera, tikhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo ndikuteteza thanzi lathu la mtima. Kumbukirani, kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo kungapulumutse miyoyo. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi yakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino za matenda a mtima komanso momwe mungayankhire mwanzeru. Ngati inu kapena okondedwa anu muli ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi mtima kapena zovuta zina zaumoyo, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi katswiri wazachipatala kuti akupatseni malangizo ndi chisamaliro chanu.
