Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi wezokwelapha noma uthisha ofuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho kumasistimu okuqapha isiguli noma umsabalalisi onentshisekelo efuna ulwazi ngamanani nezici zokuqapha kwesiguli se-MeCan, sethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile.Umgomo wethu uwukusiza abantu ngabanye baqonde kangcono ukubaluleka kokuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile nokukhetha okokusebenza okuthembekile.Ngemibuzo eyengeziwe noma ukufunda okwengeziwe ngemikhiqizo yethu, zizwe ukhululekile ukusithinta nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Yiziphi Iziguli Abaqaphi？
Imonitha yesiguli iyithuluzi noma isistimu eklanyelwe ukukala nokulawula amapharamitha okuphila esiguli futhi ingaqhathaniswa nenani elibekiwe elaziwayo, futhi ingakhala i-alamu uma kukhona ukweqa.
Izinkomba kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa
1. Izinkomba: Uma iziguli zinokungasebenzi kahle kwesitho esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, futhi zidinga ukuqashwa lapho izimpawu ezibalulekile zingazinzile.
2. Ububanzi besicelo: ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukunakekelwa kokulimala, isifo senhliziyo, iziguli ezigula kakhulu, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, igumbi le-oxygen ye-Hyperbaric, igumbi lokubeletha
Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sokuqapha isiguli sinezingxenye ezine: iyunithi eyinhloko, i-monitor, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene kanye nesistimu yokuxhuma.Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sifakwe kuwo wonke umshini kanye nezesekeli.
( MCS0022 ) 12 intshi Izesekeli Zeqapha Isiguli
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwabaqaphi Besiguli？
Kunezigaba ezine ezisekelwe esakhiweni: amamonitha aphathekayo, ama-plug-in monitors, ama-telemetry monitors, kanye nama-Holter (amahora angu-24 ambulatory ECG) ama-ECG monitors.
Ngokusho komsebenzi kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: imonitha eseceleni kombhede, imonitha emaphakathi, kanye nemonitha yokukhipha (i-telemetry monitor).
Iyini i-Multiparameter Monitor?
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo ye-Multiparameter-Monitor ihlanganisa i-electrocardiogram (ECG), I-Respiratory (RESP), umfutho wegazi ongahlaseli (NIBP), Ukugcwala Kwe-Pulse Oxygen (SpO2), I-Pulse Rate (PR), kanye Nezinga Lokushisa (TEMP).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfutho wegazi ongenayo (IBP) kanye ne-End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) ingacushwa ngokwezidingo zomtholampilo.
Ngezansi sichaza izimiso zemingcele eyisisekelo elinganiswa ukuqapha kwesiguli kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Ukuqapha kwe-Electrocardiogram (ECG).
Inhliziyo iyisitho esibalulekile ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lomuntu.Igazi lingageleza ngokuqhubekayo ohlelweni oluvaliwe ngenxa yomsebenzi oqhubekayo we-systolic ne-diastolic yenhliziyo.Imisinga kagesi emincane eyenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ijabulile ingaqhutshwa ngezicubu zomzimba iye phezulu emzimbeni, okubangela ukuthi amandla ahlukene akhelwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ikala umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo futhi iwubonisa eqapheni lesiguli ngamaphethini namavelu amagagasi.Okulandelayo incazelo emfushane yezinyathelo zokuthola i-ECG kanye nezingxenye zenhliziyo ezibonakala ku-ECG yomthofu ngamunye.
I. Ukulungiswa kwesikhumba sokunamathiselwe kwe-electrode
Ukuxhumana okuhle kwesikhumba kuya ku-electrode kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe isignali enhle ye-ECG ngoba isikhumba asihambisani kahle nogesi.
1. Khetha isiza esinesikhumba esiphelele futhi esingenakho okungavamile.
2. Uma kunesidingo, phuca izinwele zomzimba endaweni ehambisanayo.
3. Geza ngensipho namanzi, ungashiyi insalela yensipho.Ungasebenzisi i-ether noma i-ethanol ehlanzekile, bayomisa isikhumba futhi bakhulise ukumelana.
4. Vumela isikhumba ukuba some ngokuphelele.
5. Gcoba isikhumba ngobumnene ngephepha le-ECG lokulungiselela isikhumba ukuze ususe isikhumba esifile futhi uthuthukise ukuqhutshwa kwendawo yokunamathisela i-electrode.
II.Xhuma ikhebula le-ECG
1. Ngaphambi kokufaka ama-electrode, faka iziqeshana noma izinkinobho zokuchofoza kuma-electrode.
2. Beka ama-electrode esigulini ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokuhola esikhethiwe (bheka umdwebo olandelayo ukuze uthole imininingwane yendlela yokunamathisela engu-3-lead kanye ne-5-lead okunamathiselwe, futhi uphawule umehluko wemibala emaka phakathi kwe-American Standard AAMI ne-European Standard IEC izintambo).
3. Xhuma ikhebula le-electrode kukhebula yesiguli.
Igama lelebula ye-Electrode | Umbala we-Electrode |
I-AAMI | EASI | I-IEC | I-AAMI | I-IEC |
Ingalo yesokudla | I | R | Emhlophe | Okubomvu |
Ingalo yesokunxele | S | L | Mnyama | Okuphuzi |
Umlenze wesokunxele | A | F | Okubomvu | Okuhlaza |
RL | N | N | eluhlaza | Mnyama |
V | E | C | Brown | Emhlophe |
V1 |
| C1 | Okunsundu/Bomvu | Emhlophe/Bomvu |
V2 |
| C2 | Okunsundu/Okuphuzi | Emhlophe/Ephuzi |
V3 |
| C3 | Brown/Green | Okumhlophe/Kuhlaza |
V4 |
| C4 | Brown/Blue | Emhlophe/Ensundu |
V5 |
| C5 | Okunsundu/Okuwolintshi | Mhlophe/Mnyama |
V6 |
| C6 | Okunsundu/Okuphephuli | Okumhlophe/Okuphephuli |
III.Umehluko phakathi kweqembu labaholayo abangu-3 kanye neqembu labaholayo abangu-5 kanye nezindawo zenhliziyo eziboniswa ukuhola ngakunye
1. Njengoba kungabonakala futhi emfanekisweni ongenhla, singathola ama-ECG aholayo angu-I, II, kanye no-III eqenjini labaholayo abathathu. , kuyilapho iqembu labaholayo abangu-5 lingathola ama-ECG aholayo angu-I, II, III, aVL, aVR, aVF, kanye no-V aholayo.
2. Mina kanye ne-aVL sibonisa udonga lwangaphambili lwecala lwe-ventricle yesokunxele yenhliziyo;II, III kanye ne-aVF zibonisa udonga lwangemuva lwe-ventricle;I-aVR ibonisa igumbi le-intraventricular;futhi V ikhombisa i-ventricle engakwesokudla, i-septum ne-ventricle yesokunxele (kuye ngokuthi udinga ini okuholela ekukhethweni).
Ukuqapha kokuphefumula (Resp)
Ukunyakaza kwe-Thoracic ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kubangela izinguquko ekuphikisweni komzimba, futhi igrafu yezinguquko kumanani we-impedance ichaza i-wave wave eguqukayo yokuphefumula, engabonisa imingcele yezinga lokuphefumula.Ngokuvamile, abaqaphi bazokala ukuthintana kodonga lwesifuba phakathi kwama-electrode amabili e-ECG esifubeni sesiguli ukuze kuqashwe izinga lokuphefumula.Ukwengeza, ushintsho ekugxilweni kwe-carbon dioxide ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kungaqashwa ukuze kubalwe ngokuqondile izinga lokuphefumula noma ngokuqapha ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi kanye nezinga lokugeleza kumjikelezo wesiguli ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwemishini ukuze kubalwe umsebenzi wokuphefumula wesiguli futhi kubonise izinga lokuphefumula. .
I. Ukuma komkhondo phakathi nokuqapha ukuphefumula
1. Izilinganiso zokuphefumula zenziwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo olujwayelekile lweleveli yekhebula ye-ECG, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongenhla.
II.Amanothi okuqapha ukuphefumula
1. Ukuqapha ukuphefumula akufanelekile ezigulini ezinohlu olukhulu lomsebenzi, njengoba lokhu kungase kuholele kuma-alamu angamanga.
2. Kufanele kugwenywe ukuthi isifunda se-hepatic kanye ne-ventricle kumugqa wama-electrode okuphefumula, ukuze izinto zobuciko ezivela ekuhlanganiseni kwenhliziyo noma ukugeleza kwegazi kwe-pulsatile zingagwenywa, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinsaneni.
Ukuqapha komoyampilo wegazi (SpO2) I
-blood oxygen (SpO2) isilinganiso se-hemoglobin ene-oksijini nesamba se-hemoglobin ene-oksijini kanye ne-non-oxygenated hemoglobin.Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-hemoglobin egazini, i-hemoglobin ene-oksijini (HbO2) kanye ne-hemoglobin (Hb) encishisiwe, inamandla okumunca ahlukene okukhanya okubomvu (660 nm) nokukhanya kwe-infrared (910 nm).I-hemoglobin (Hb) encishisiwe idonsa ukukhanya okubomvu okwengeziwe kanye nokukhanya okuncane kwe-infrared.Okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso nge-oxygen hemoglobin (HbO2), edonsa ukukhanya okuncane okubomvu nokukhanya kwe-infrared okwengeziwe.Ngokusetha i-LED ebomvu kanye nokukhanya kwe-infrared LED endaweni efanayo ye-nail oximeter, lapho ukukhanya kungena kusuka ohlangothini olulodwa lomunwe kuya kolunye uhlangothi futhi kutholwa yi-photodiode, i-voltage ehambisanayo ehambisanayo ingakhiqizwa.Ngemva kokucutshungulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-algorithm, umphumela ophumayo uboniswa esikrinini se-LCD, esiboniswa njengegeji yokukala inkomba yempilo yomuntu.Okulandelayo incazelo emfushane yezinyathelo zokuthi ungawuthola kanjani umoya-mpilo wegazi (SpO2), kanye nezici ezithinta ukuqapha komoyampilo wegazi.
I. Gqoka inzwa
1. Susa ipholishi yezinzipho enombala endaweni yokugqokwa.
2. Beka inzwa ye-SpO2 esigulini.
3. Qinisekisa ukuthi ishubhu elikhanyayo nesamukeli sokukhanya kuhambisana ndawonye ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi konke ukukhanya okuphuma eshubhuni elikhanyayo kufanele kudlule ezicutshini zesiguli.
II.Izinto ezithinta ukuqapha komoyampilo wegazi
1. Indawo yenzwa ayikho noma isiguli sinyakaza kanzima.
2. umfutho wegazi wengalo ongasehlangothini noma ukucindezela okulele eceleni kwe-ipsilateral.
3. Gwema ukuphazamiseka kwesignali indawo yokukhanya okukhanyayo.
4. Ukungahambi kahle kwe-peripheral: njengokushaqeka, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomunwe.
5. Iminwe: I-nail polish, i-calluses ewugqinsi, iminwe ephukile, nezinzipho ezinde ngokweqile zithinta ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya.
6. Umjovo ngomjovo wemithi enemibala.
7. Ayikwazi ukuqapha isayithi elifanayo isikhathi eside.
Ukuqapha umfutho wegazi ongahlaseli (i-NIBP)
umfutho wegazi umfutho ongaseceleni endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye emithanjeni yegazi ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi.Ngokujwayelekile ikalwa ngamamilimitha e-mercury (mmHg).Ukuqapha komfutho wegazi okungavamisile kwenziwa ngendlela ye-Koch yomsindo (manual) kanye nendlela yokushaqeka, esebenzisa i-mean arterial pressure (MP) ukubala ukucindezela kwe-systolic (SP) ne-diastolic (DP).
I. Izinyathelo zokuphepha
1. Khetha uhlobo olufanele lwesiguli.
2. Gcina izinga le-cuff ngenhliziyo.
3. Sebenzisa i-cuff kasayizi efanele bese uyibopha ukuze 'INDEX LINE' ibe phakathi 'RANGE' ububanzi.
4. I-cuff akufanele iqine kakhulu noma ikhululeke kakhulu, futhi kufanele iboshwe ukuze kufakwe umunwe owodwa.
5. Uphawu φ lwekhafu kufanele lubhekane nomthambo we-brachial.
6. Isikhathi sokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo akufanele sibe sifushane kakhulu.
II.Izici ezithonya umfutho wegazi ongahlaseli
1. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu: umfutho wegazi we-systolic udlula ama-250 mmHg, ukugeleza kwegazi akukwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, i-cuff ingase ivuthwe ngokuqhubekayo futhi umfutho wegazi awukwazi ukulinganiswa.
2. I-hypotension enzima: umfutho wegazi we-systolic ungaphansi kuka-50-60mmHg, umfutho wegazi uphansi kakhulu ukuthi ungabonisa ngokuqhubekayo izinguquko ezisheshayo zomfutho wegazi, futhi ungase uvuthwe ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ufuna ukwazi ngokuqapha isiguli?Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze ufunde kabanzi futhi uthenge!
