Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e loaʻa i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi a nui paha? E hauʻoli ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana he palekana loa ka anesthesia i kēia lā. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, aia kekahi mau mea āu i ʻike ʻole ai e pili ana i ka anesthesia e hiki ke hoʻopau i nā makaʻu a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu hopena.
Inā hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i ka ʻoki ʻana me ka anesthesia, e noʻonoʻo i ka mea ʻē aʻe. Inā he 200 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ʻoe, ʻo kāu koho wale nō no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻeha, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i kahi whisky a ʻuʻu i kou mau niho.
I kēia manawa, i kēlā me kēia lā e pili ana i ka 60,000 mau maʻi e hana i nā ʻano o ke kaʻina hana a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe me ke kōkua o kēia mau lāʻau hōʻeha ʻeha, e like me ka National Institutes of Health. ʻAʻohe mea kānalua ʻo ka anesthesia - inā i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e like me ke kinoea a i ʻole ʻia i loko o kou koko e ke kauka i hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa ʻia, ka niho, a i ʻole kahu hānai anesthetic - ua hiki i nā miliona o ka poʻe ke loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e alakaʻi ai i nā ola lōʻihi a olakino. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, aia kekahi mau mea e pili ana i ka anesthesia e kahaha paha iā ʻoe.
1. Pono paha ka poʻe puhi puhi i ka maʻi maʻi ma mua o ka poʻe puhi ʻole
Ua ʻike lōʻihi ka poʻe Anesthesiologists e pono pinepine ka poʻe puhi puhi i ka maʻi maʻi hou. A i kēia manawa ke hoʻomaka nei nā poʻe akamai e hōʻoia i kēia: ʻO ka noiʻi mua i hōʻike ʻia ma ka 2015 European Society of Anaesthesiology meeting ma Berlin ua ʻike ʻo nā wahine puhi puhi e pono ai he 33 pakeneka ʻoi aʻe ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā o kā lākou hana ma mua o nā wahine nonsmokers a ʻo ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i ka uahi lua e pono ai he 20 pakeneka. ʻIke hou? Pono nā pūʻulu puhi ʻelua i ka lāʻau hōʻeha ʻeha ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
Ua hoʻonāukiuki ka poʻe puhi paka i nā ala ea, wehewehe ʻo John Reynolds, MD, he kumu loea o ka anesthesiology ma Wake Forest School of Medicine ma Winston-Salem, North Carolina. ʻO ka hopena, pono paha lākou i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ʻeha e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou hoʻomanawanui me nā paipu hanu, wahi āna.
ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e puhi a ʻai paha i ka marijuana (cannabis) i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole i kēlā me kēia pule i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pālua o ka pae maʻamau o ka anesthesia no nā kaʻina hana maʻamau, e like me ka endoskopi, kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma Mei 2019 ma The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association i loaʻa.
Inā ʻike mua ʻoe e hele ana ʻoe i ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhi ʻana i kekahi mau lā ma mua e hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i kou pilikia o ka pilikia a kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻōla, e like me ka loiloi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Anesthesiology.
2. ʻAʻole e hoʻomoe mau ʻia ʻoe e ka anesthesia
Wahi a ka Cleveland Clinic:
Hoʻopau ka anesthesia kūloko i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ke kino i mea e pale ai i ka ʻeha i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e like me ka huki ʻana i ka niho, ka humuhumu no ka ʻoki hohonu ʻana, a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i kahi mole.
Hoʻopau ka anesthesia āpau i ka ʻeha a me ka neʻe ʻana ma kahi ʻāpana nui o ke kino, akā waiho ʻoe i ka ʻike piha a hiki ke kamaʻilio a pane i nā nīnau. ʻO kahi epidural i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā hānau keiki kekahi laʻana.
Hoʻopilikia ka anesthesia maʻamau i ke kino holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻike ʻole a hiki ʻole ke neʻe. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no nā hana nui a hoʻopau manawa. Ma nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau anestheia maʻamau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kekahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 'twilight sleep,' kahi ʻano maʻi maʻi ʻoi aku ka ikaika e hoʻomaha iā ʻoe i hiamoe ʻoe, hoʻomaha, a hiki ʻole ke neʻe a ʻike paha i ka mea e hana nei.
3. Hiki paha ke ala i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana
Akā, he mea kakaikahi loa ia, e loaʻa ana i ka 1 a i ʻole 2 wale nō o kēlā me kēia 1,000 kaʻina hana lapaʻau e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau, e like me ka American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). ʻO kēia maʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo 'anesthesia awareness,' hiki i ka mea maʻi ke ʻike i ko lākou puni a me nā hanana i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke ʻoki. He pōkole kēia ala ala a ʻaʻole ʻeha nā maʻi. Hiki ke maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i ka anesthesia i nā poʻe maʻi kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i nā maʻi maʻi he nui, a i ʻole ka poʻe e mālama ʻia nei no kahi pilikia, kahi hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi palekana ʻia ka maʻi maʻamau o ka anesthesia.
4. Hiki i ke kaumaha ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā pilikia
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā anesthesiologists e hāʻawi i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa a hāʻawi i kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau intravenously i nā poʻe maʻi i ke kaumaha nui, e like me ka ASA. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka momona i ka pilikia o ka apnea hiamoe, kahi kūlana e hoʻomaha pinepine ai i ka hanu. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻoia e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lawa o ka oxygen a me ke kahe ʻana o ka ea, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka wā o ka anesthesia maʻamau. ʻO ka lilo ʻana o ke kaumaha ma mua o ke kaʻina hana hiki ke hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā pilikia.
5. Ke ʻimi nei nā kauka i nā ala like ʻole e hiki ke hana i ka anesthesia
I ka wā i lilo ai ka anesthetics i ʻāpana o ka hana maʻamau, ʻike liʻiliʻi nā kauka nāna i lawelawe iā lākou e pili ana i kā lākou hana, e like me ka National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau nā anesthetics i nā hōʻailona nerve ma o ka huli ʻana i nā molekele protein i loko o nā membrane cell nerve. Ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe ʻepekema e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka anesthesia, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, wahi a ka NIGMS.
6. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe ʻulaʻula i ka anesthesia hou aʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe
ʻO kēia ʻo 'he moʻolelo moʻokalaleo kūlanakauhale i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i ke kaiāulu anesthetic,' wahi a Timothy Harwood, MD, ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana o ka maʻi maʻi ma waho ma Wake Forest Baptist Health. ʻO ka mea i hoʻoulu ai i ka manaʻo, ʻo ka poʻe me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula e loaʻa paha kahi gene i kapa ʻia melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻemi i ka naʻau o ke kanaka i ka anesthetics, wehewehe ʻo Kauka Harwood. Akā ʻaʻole i paʻa kēlā manaʻo ma lalo o ka nānā hou ʻana: ʻO kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻo Anesthesia and Intensive Care ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa i ka nui o ka anesthesia ākea e koi ʻia, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, a i ʻole ka nui o ka ʻeha postoperative ma waena o nā maʻi me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka lauoho ʻeleʻele.
7. Makemake paha ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i ka Aromatherapy Ke Ala ʻoe
Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻala e hoʻopau i ka nausea a me ka luaʻi e hana pinepine ʻia ma hope o ka anesthesia. Hoʻokahi haʻawina, i paʻi ʻia ma Pepeluali 2019 i loko o ka puke pai Complementary Therapies in Medicine, ua ʻike ʻo ka inhaling ginger a i ʻole lavender pono aila no ʻelima mau minuke i hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī o kēlā mau hōʻailona ma mua o kahi placebo. Pēlā nō, ʻo kahi noiʻi mua i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻo Anesthesia & Analgesia i hoʻoholo ai i ka poʻe maʻi i lawe i ʻekolu hanu hohonu i ka uhi ʻana i ko lākou ihu me ka gauze pad i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻaila koʻikoʻi ginger, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi, ihe, peppermint, a me ka cardamom, ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi ka ʻeha ma hope o kā lākou hana ʻana a noi i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi e mālama i ko lākou nausea.
8. Hoʻopilikia paha ka Anesthesia i kou Hoʻomanaʻo
Hiki i ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau ke hana i ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo i hiki ke mau no nā lā, a me nā mahina, e like me ke aʻo ʻana o ke Kulanui o Toronto Faculty of Medicine i paʻi ʻia ma Nowemapa 2014 ma ka Journal of Clinical Investigation. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka poʻe noiʻi, ma kahi o 37 pakeneka o nā ʻōpio makua, a me 41 pākēneka o nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule, hōʻike i nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo postoperative ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai ka haukapila. ʻO kekahi o kēia nalowale hoʻomanaʻo ʻana paha ma muli o nā kumu ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka anesthesia, e like me ka mumū a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻomaka ʻia e ke ʻoki. Akā ʻo kekahi paha ma muli o ka hopena o ka anesthesia o nā mea hoʻomanaʻo nalowale i ka lolo.
He aha hou aʻe, kahi noiʻi hou ʻo Mayo Clinic, i paʻi ʻia ma ka pukana ʻo ʻAukake 2018 o ka British Journal of Anesthesia, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka anesthesia hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka lolo e wehe i nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo preexisting huna i nā maʻi ma mua o 70 mau makahiki.
Ke laina lalo: ʻO kēlā me kēia o kou mau makahiki, e kākau i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a kāu kauka ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau, a i ʻole e lawe pū i kahi hoaaloha pili a i ʻole kekahi ʻohana me ʻoe e hiki ke hōʻoia i ka pololei o kāu mea i lohe ai.
