M'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zododometsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti 'sunscreen paradox' zasiya akatswiri azachipatala akukanda mitu yawo. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa, chiwerengero cha khansa yapakhungu ndi khansa ina yapakhungu yawonjezeka. Kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya McGill ku Montreal akuwunikira zomwe zingatheke: lingaliro lolakwika loti zoteteza ku dzuwa zimapereka chilolezo cha dzuwa popanda malire. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mmene khansa yapakhungu ikuchitikira, zizindikiro zake, zinthu zimene zingawachititse kuti ayambe kudwala khansa yapakhungu, ndiponso ikufotokoza njira zimene anthu angawonjezerere chiopsezo chawo mosadziwa.
Ziwerengero za Khansa Yapakhungu:
Matenda a melanoma adakwera ndi 27% pazaka khumi zapitazi.
Chiwerengero cha basal cell carcinoma (BCC) chikukwera pafupifupi 10% pachaka.
Matenda a Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) amafikira pafupifupi 1 miliyoni pachaka ku US
Milandu ya Merkel cell carcinoma ikuyembekezeka kupitilira 3,200 pachaka m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi.
Malingaliro Olakwika a Sunscreen:
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti kuvala zoteteza ku dzuwa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale dzuwa lopanda malire. Katswiri wa matenda a khungu James Ralston akugogomezera kuti kutenthedwa kulikonse kumawononga khungu, kufulumizitsa ukalamba komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu.
Zizindikiro za Khansa Ya Pakhungu:
MD Anderson Cancer Center imatchula zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za khansa yapakhungu, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa mtundu, mawonekedwe, kapena kukula kwa mawanga omwe alipo, malo opweteka kapena opweteka, zilonda zosachiritsira, ndi kukula kwachilendo.
Zowopsa:
Anthu omwe ali ndi ma moles opitilira 50, tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tosawoneka bwino ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Anthu omwe mabanja awo ali ndi mbiri ya melanoma, chizolowezi chopsa ndi dzuwa mosavuta, komanso mawonekedwe abwino nawonso amatha kutenga kachilomboka.
Matenda am'mbuyomu a khansa yapakhungu kapena khansa zina monga khansa ya m'mawere kapena chithokomiro zimawonjezera chiopsezo.
Zowopsa Zosawoneka:
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zodzitetezera Kudzuwa Zosakwanira:
Katswiri wa matenda a khungu Vivian Bucay akuchenjeza kuti anthu sagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa mokwanira, akulangiza supuni ziwiri za thupi lonse.
Malo osasamala monga diso, makutu, manja, khosi, ndi milomo siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sunscreen Panyengo:
Zoteteza ku dzuwa ndizofunikira chaka chonse, chifukwa kuwala kwa UV kumatha kulowa mumitambo.
Okonda masewera a m'nyengo yozizira amakumana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chifukwa cha chipale chofewa chomwe chimawonetsa 80% ya kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Dzuwa M'nyumba:
Kuwala kwadzuwa kumalowa m'mawindo, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zoteteza ku dzuwa ngakhale m'nyumba.
Mazenera agalimoto, ngakhale opindika, amalola kuti UVA ilowe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa.
Kusiyana kwa Jenda:
Amuna amatha kukayikira ngati mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa akugwira ntchito bwino komanso amapewa kuwunika.
Ntchito zapanja ndi zosangalatsa zimathandizira kuti amuna aziwonekera kwambiri pa UV.
Kupanda Chidziwitso cha Mbiri ya Banja:
Mbiri ya banja ndiyofunikira, chifukwa chiopsezo cha khansa ya melanoma imatha kutengera cholowa.
Kuyeza kwa majini kumalimbikitsidwa kwa omwe ali ndi zovuta zinazake.
Njira Zopewera:
Pewani nthawi yotentha kwambiri (10 am mpaka 2pm) ndikupeza mthunzi.
Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa otalikirapo, osamva madzi okhala ndi SPF 30 osachepera.
Landirani zovala zoteteza dzuwa chaka chonse kuti mutetezeke.
Kumvetsetsa zovuta za khansa yapakhungu, kuphatikizapo chodabwitsa chodzitetezera ku dzuwa, n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe. Pochotsa malingaliro olakwika, kudziwitsa anthu zambiri, ndi kutsatira njira zonse zodzitetezera ku dzuwa, anthu amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chawo ndikuthandizira kulimbana ndi matendawa omwe angathe kupewedwa.
范文
Nov. 28, 2023 -- 'Zododometsa zoteteza khungu ku dzuwa' zasokoneza madokotala posachedwapa: Pamene anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa, chiwerengero cha khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya pakhungu ndi khansa ina yapakhungu ikukwera.
Ziwerengero za mitundu yonse ya khansa yapakhungu ndizodetsa nkhawa:
Matenda a melanoma omwe amapezeka pachaka awonjezeka ndi 27% pazaka 10 zapitazi.
Mlingo wa basal cell carcinoma (BCC) wakwera m'magulu azaka zonse mdzikolo pafupifupi 10% chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi National Library of Medicine.
Yale Medicine inanena kuti squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) yakwera mpaka pafupifupi 1 miliyoni omwe amapezeka ku US pachaka.
Ngakhale matenda a Merkel cell carcinoma, khansa yapakhungu yosowa kwambiri komanso yoopsa yomwe yachititsa imfa ya woimba Jimmy Buffet posachedwapa, akuyembekezeka kulumphira pa anthu 3,200 pachaka pazaka ziwiri zikubwerazi.
N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zikuchitika? Kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku yunivesite ya McGill ku Montreal mwina anathetsa zina mwachinsinsi: Anthu ambiri angaganize kuti zoteteza ku dzuwa zimawathandiza kuti azitentha kapena azikhala padzuwa nthawi yonse yomwe akufuna.
Momwe Khansara Yapakhungu Imayambira
Khansara yapakhungu imakhudza anthu aku America opitilira 3 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Phunzirani momwe khansa yapakhungu imayambira komanso njira zaposachedwa zowunikira komanso njira zochizira zomwe zilipo.
'Odwala andiuza kuti akuganiza kuti ndi bwino kutenthedwa ngati atavala zoteteza ku dzuwa,' atero a James Ralston, MD, Purezidenti wa Dermatology Center ya McKinney ku McKinney, TX. 'Zoona zake n'zakuti palibe njira yabwino yochepetsera thupi. Nthawi zonse mukatentha, mumawononga khungu lanu. Pamene kuwonongeka kumeneku kumakula, mumafulumizitsa kukalamba kwa khungu lanu ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mitundu yonse ya khansa yapakhungu.'
Kuonjezera apo, mukhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu mosadziwa mwa kuchita zinthu zina. Zoona zake n’zakuti chidziwitso chingalepheretse matenda ambiri. 'Khansa yapakhungu ndi imodzi mwa khansa yofala kwambiri komanso imodzi mwa khansa yomwe ingapewedwe ku United States,' adatero Shanthi Sivendran MD, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wothandizira chithandizo cha khansa ku American Cancer Society.
Kodi Zizindikiro za Khansa Ya Pakhungu Ndi Chiyani?
Malinga ndi MD Anderson Cancer Center, zizindikiro za matendawa zikuphatikizapo:
Malo omwe angowonekera kumene pakhungu lanu
Malo omwe alipo kale omwe amasintha mtundu, mawonekedwe, kapena kukula
Malo oyabwa kapena owawa
Chironda chomwe sichipola kapena chotumphuka
Mphuno yonyezimira yomwe imawoneka yofiira kapena mtundu wa khungu lanu
Khungu lomwe lili ndi mamba
Chilonda chomwe chili ndi malire okwera, chimakhala chotuwa pakati, kapena chotuluka magazi
Kukula komwe kumawoneka ngati njerewere
Kukula komwe kumawoneka ngati chipsera komanso kuli ndi malire osadziwika
Ndani Ali Pachiwopsezo cha Khansa Yapakhungu?
'Melanoma imatha kukhudza aliyense,' adatero Ralston.
Munthu wokhala ndi ma moles opitilira 50, timadontho tambiri, kapena timadontho ta atypical amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka, adatero. Komanso, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati muli ndi wachibale wanu yemwe ali ndi melanoma, amakonda kupsa ndi dzuwa mosavuta, ali ndi tsitsi lofiira kapena lofiirira, maso abuluu kapena obiriwira, kapena muli ndi mbiri yotentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa kapena kutentha m'nyumba. Mulinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati muli ndi matenda am'mbuyomu a khansa yapakhungu kapena mbiri ya khansa ina monga khansa ya m'mawere kapena chithokomiro, Ralston adatero.
Ponena za mitundu ina ya khansa yapakhungu, 'anthu omwe apezeka ndi basal cell carcinoma kapena squamous cell carcinoma ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi khansa yapakhungu yam'tsogolo, kuphatikizapo melanoma,' adatero.
Tiyeni tiwone njira zina zisanu zomwe mungawonjezere chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu popanda kuzindikira - ndi momwe mungatengere njira zoyenera kuti mupewe.
Simukugwiritsa Ntchito Zoteteza Kudzuwa Zokwanira
'Anthu sagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa kwambiri monga momwe amachitira,' akutero Vivian Bucay, MD, dokotala wa khungu ku San Antonio, TX, komanso wolankhulira bungwe la Skin Cancer Foundation. 'Kuti mukwaniritse mtengo wa SPF, muyenera kupaka masupuni awiri -- ofanana ndi galasi lodzaza - la sunscreen ku thupi lanu lonse, ndi chidole cha nickel pamaso panu,' adatero.
Phimbani madontho omwe nthawi zambiri amaphonya monga malo omwe muli maso, pamwamba ndi kumbuyo kwa makutu anu, manja anu, ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi lanu. Musaiwale za milomo yanu, mwina.
'Ndimauza odwala kuti anyamule mankhwala a milomo ndi SPF kuti athe kubwereza atadya,' adatero Bucay. 'Ikaninso ntchito maola awiri aliwonse, kapena mukangosambira, kutuluka thukuta, kapena kupukuta.'
Simukugwiritsa Ntchito Sunscreen Chaka Chozungulira
Anthu ambiri amangovala zoteteza ku dzuwa nthawi yotentha. 'Ndamva odwala akunena kuti sanaikepo mafuta oteteza dzuwa chifukwa linali tsiku lamitambo kapena lachisanu,' akutero Ralston. 'Kuwala kwina kwa ultraviolet kumadutsa m'mitambo, ndipo mitambo imachepetsa kutentha. Popanda chenjezo limenelo la kutentha, anthu ali pachiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kuwala kwa UV, makamaka UVA, yomwe imakhala yosakhudzidwa ndi mtambo.'
Ngati mumakonda masewera achisanu, mulinso pachiwopsezo. 'Chipale chofewa chimawonetsa 80% ya kuwala kwadzuwa, motero kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupsa ndi dzuwa,' akufotokoza Ralston.
Simumavala Zoteteza Kudzuwa M'nyumba
'Pali njira zosayembekezereka zomwe munthu angapezere padzuwa popanda kuzindikira,' adatero Sivendran. 'Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa dzuŵa kumadutsa m'mawindo, kotero kukhala pafupi ndi zenera kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse matenda a khansa yapakhungu. Ndi bwino kuvala zoteteza ku dzuwa m'nyumba kuti muchepetse vutoli.'
Ngati muli m'galimoto kapena mukuyenda pawindo pa ndege, basi, kapena sitima, lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito.
'Galasi yazenera yokhazikika imalepheretsa kutumiza kwa UVB koma osati UVA,' adatero Ralston. 'Mazenera agalimoto amatchinga UVA, makamaka ngati mazenera ali ndi utoto. Komabe, ngakhale maulendo afupiafupi m'galimoto amawonjezera zaka zambiri ndipo amawononga kwambiri dzuwa.'
Ndinu Mwamuna
Kafukufuku wachiwiri watsopano wa Yunivesite ya McGill adapeza kuti amuna amatha kukayikira ngati mafuta oteteza dzuwa ndi othandiza komanso sangayang'anitsidwe ndi timadontho tatsopano kuposa akazi.
Amuna amakhalanso ndi mwayi woyatsidwa ndi kuwala kwa UV kupyolera mu zosangalatsa zakunja ndi ntchito. Kulembedwa ntchito zapanja n’kothandiza kwambiri: Kafukufuku watsopano wa Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse anasonyeza kuti anthu amene amagwira ntchito padzuwa amaimira munthu mmodzi pa atatu alionse amene amafa ndi khansa yapakhungu yomwe siili ndi melanoma. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti amuna ayenera kukhala akhama mofanana ndi chitetezo cha dzuwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Simudziwa Mbiri Yabanja Lanu
Ndi bwino kufunsa za achibale anu amene anali ndi khansa yapakhungu, chifukwa zimenezi zingakuthandizeni kuti muziteteza inuyo komanso anthu ena a m’banja lanu. National Cancer Institute inanena kuti 5% mpaka 10% ya melanomas onse amapezeka m'mabanja omwe ali ndi mamembala angapo omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa yapakhungu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwopsezo cha melanoma chitha kutengera, ndipo Melanoma Research Alliance yazindikira masinthidwe otengera chibadwa omwe angapangitse ngozi yanu.
American Academy of Dermatology imati mungapindule ndi kuyezetsa majini a melanoma ngati:
Mwakhala ndi ma melanomas atatu kapena kupitilira apo omwe amafalikira kapena kukulira pakhungu lanu, makamaka musanakwanitse zaka 45.
Ngati achibale atatu kapena kuposerapo kumbali imodzi ya banja lanu ali ndi melanoma kapena khansa ya kapamba.
Ngati mudakhala ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatchedwa Spitz nevi.
Ngati mwakhalapo ndi Spitz nevi imodzi kapena zingapo ndipo wachibale wanu wapamtima wapamtima wakhala ndi mesothelioma, meningioma, kapena melanoma ya diso.
Zogwirizana:
Khansara 'Machiritso' Amene Sagwira Ntchito
Kodi Mungapewe Bwanji Khansa Ya Pakhungu Tsiku Lililonse?
'Kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa pa nthawi yamphamvu kwambiri - pakati pa 10 am ndi 2pm - komanso kufunafuna mthunzi kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu,' adatero Sivendran. 'Gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa zosawoneka bwino, zosagwira madzi ndi SPF yosachepera 30. Palinso zovala zokongola, zopepuka, zoteteza ku dzuwa zomwe mutha kuvala chaka chonse.'
Khalani ndi chizolowezi chosuntha, ndipo mudzakhala otetezeka kudzuwa mosavuta.
