Eminyakeni yakamuva, inkambiso edidayo eyaziwa ngokuthi 'indida yokuvikela ilanga' ishiye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha benwaya amakhanda. Naphezu kokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-sunscreen, amazinga e-melanoma namanye umdlavuza wesikhumba ayanda. Ucwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseMcGill eMontreal lusikhanyisela ngencazelo engase ibe khona: umbono oyiphutha wokuthi umuthi ovikela ilanga uhlinzeka ngelayisense lokuchayeka elangeni okungenamkhawulo. Lesi sihloko sihlola isimo samanje somdlavuza wesikhumba, izimpawu zawo, izici eziyingozi, futhi yembula izindlela abantu abangakhulisa ngazo ubungozi babo bengazi.
Izibalo Zomdlavuza Wesikhumba:
Izigameko ze-melanoma ezihlaselayo zikhuphuke ngo-27% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Amazinga e-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) akhuphuke cishe ngo-10% ngonyaka.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kufinyelele cishe izigameko eziyisigidi esi-1 ngonyaka e-US
Amacala e-Merkel cell carcinoma kulindeleke ukuthi adlule ku-3,200 ngonyaka eminyakeni emibili ezayo.
I-Sunscreen eyiphutha:
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngokungalungile ukuthi ukugqoka i-sunscreen kuvumela ukuchayeka kwelanga okungenamkhawulo. Udokotela wesikhumba uJames Ralston ugcizelela ukuthi zonke izikhathi zokushukwa zonakalisa isikhumba, kusheshise ukuguga futhi kuphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wesikhumba:
I-MD Anderson Cancer Centre ibala izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza wesikhumba, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha kombala, ukuma, noma ubukhulu bamabala akhona, izindawo ezilumayo noma ezibuhlungu, izilonda ezingapholi, nokukhula okungavamile.
Izingozi:
Abantu abanama-moles angaphezu kuka-50, amakhulu noma angavamile basengozini enkulu.
Labo abanomlando womndeni we-melanoma, ukuthambekela kokushiswa yilanga kalula, nezici ezifanelekile nabo bangathinteka kalula.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambilini komdlavuza wesikhumba noma eminye imidlavuza efana nomdlavuza webele noma wegilo kwandisa ingozi.
Izingozi Ezingabonakali:
Ukusetshenziswa Okwanele Kwesikrini Selanga:
Udokotela wesikhumba u-Vivian Bucay uxwayisa ngokuthi abantu abavamile ukusebenzisa amafutha okuvikela ilanga anele, weluleka ngezipuni ezimbili zomzimba wonke.
Izindawo ezinganakiwe njengendawo yamehlo, izindlebe, izandla, intamo nezindebe akufanele zinganakwa.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikrini Selanga Kwesizini:
Ukuvikela ilanga kubalulekile unyaka wonke, njengoba imisebe ye-UV ingangena emafwini.
Abathandi bezemidlalo yasebusika babhekene nengozi eyengeziwe ngenxa yeqhwa elibonisa u-80% wemisebe yelanga.
Ukuchayeka Elangeni Ngaphakathi:
Imisebe yelanga ingena emafasiteleni, okwenza kudingeke ukuvikela ilanga ngisho nasendlini.
Amafasitela ezimoto, ngisho nanemibala egqamile, avumela ukungena kwe-UVA, okubangela ukwanda komonakalo welanga.
Ukungafani kobulili:
Abesilisa bavame ukungabaza ukusebenza kwe-sunscreen futhi bagweme ukuhlolwa kwemvukuzane.
Umsebenzi wangaphandle nokuzijabulisa kunomthelela ekuchayekeni okuphezulu kwe-UV kwabesilisa.
Ukushoda Kokuqwashisa Ngomlando Womndeni:
Umlando womndeni ubalulekile, njengoba ingozi ye-melanoma ingazuzwa njengefa.
Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kunconyelwe labo abanezici ezithile zobungozi.
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela:
Gwema amahora elanga ashisa kakhulu (10am kuya ku-2pm) futhi ufune umthunzi.
Sebenzisa isikrini sokuvikela ilanga esine-spectrum ebanzi, esingangeni emanzini okungenani esine-SPF 30.
Yamukela izingubo ezivikela ilanga unyaka wonke ukuze uthole ukuphepha okwengeziwe.
Ukuqonda inkimbinkimbi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, okuhlanganisa nendida yokuvikela ilanga, kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni okuphumelelayo. Ngokuqeda imibono eyiphutha, ukwandisa ukuqwashisa, nokuthatha izinyathelo ezibanzi zokuphepha elangeni, abantu ngabanye banganciphisa ubungozi babo futhi babe nengxenye ekulweni nalesi sifo esingagwemeka.
范文
Nov. 28, 2023 -- 'Indida ye-sunscreen' idide odokotela bakamuva: Njengoba abantu abaningi besebenzisa i-sunscreen, izinga le-melanoma neminye umdlavuza wesikhumba liyakhuphuka.
Izibalo zazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ziyasangulukisa:
Izigameko ze-melanoma ezihlaselayo ezitholakala minyaka yonke zenyuke ngo-27% kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule.
Izinga le-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) lenyuke kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka ezweni ngenani elicishe libe ngu-10% unyaka ngamunye, ngokusho kweNational Library of Medicine.
I-Yale Medicine ibika ukuthi i-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) isikhuphukele cishe kwabangu-1 million abantu abaxilongwayo e-US ngonyaka.
Ngisho nezimo ze-Merkel cell carcinoma, umdlavuza wesikhumba ongavamile, nolaka obangela ukushona kwamuva nje komculi uJimmy Buffet, kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele ezigungwini ezingaphezu kuka-3,200 ngonyaka phakathi neminyaka emibili ezayo.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ucwaningo olusha oluvela eNyuvesi yaseMcGill e-Montreal kungenzeka ukuthi luyixazulule enye imfihlakalo: Abantu abaningi bangase bacabange ukuthi ukhilimu ovikela ilanga ubanikeza amandla okubanda noma bahlale elangeni inqobo nje uma befuna.
Uqala Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesikhumba
Umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlasela abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 njalo ngonyaka. Funda ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba uqala kanjani kanye nezindlela zakamuva zokuxilonga nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.
'Iziguli zingitshele ukuthi zicabanga ukuthi kuphephile ukucwala uma zigqoke okokuvikela ilanga,' kusho uJames Ralston, MD, umongameli we-Dermatology Center yaseMcKinney eMcKinney, TX. 'Iqiniso liwukuthi ayikho indlela ephephile yokuba mnyama. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ubanda, ulimaza isikhumba sakho. Njengoba lo monakalo wanda, usheshisa ukuguga kwesikhumba sakho futhi wandise ingozi yakho yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba.'
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungandisa ngokungazi ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba ngokwenza ezinye izinto. Iqiniso liwukuthi ulwazi lungavimbela izimo eziningi zesifo. 'Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungomunye wemidlavuza ejwayeleke kakhulu futhi evikeleke kakhulu e-United States,' kusho u-Shanthi Sivendran MD, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wezokunakekelwa komdlavuza e-American Cancer Society.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wesikhumba?
Ngokusho kwe-MD Anderson Cancer Center, izimpawu zalesi sifo zihlanganisa:
Indawo esanda kuvela esikhumbeni sakho
Indawo evele ikhona eshintsha umbala, umumo, noma usayizi
Indawo elumayo noma ebuhlungu
Isilonda esingapholi noma esiqweqwe
Iqhubu elicwebezelayo elibukeka libomvu noma umbala wesikhumba sakho
Ingxenye yesikhumba esimahhadlahhadla
Isilonda esinomngcele ophakeme, sinoqweqwe maphakathi, noma sopha
Ukukhula okubukeka njengensumpa
Ukukhula okubukeka njengesibazi futhi kunomngcele ongacacisiwe
Ubani Osengozini Yomdlavuza Wesikhumba?
'I-melanoma ingahlasela noma ubani,' kusho u-Ralston.
Umuntu onama-moles angaphezu kuka-50, ama-moles amakhulu, noma ama-atypical moles unengozi eyengeziwe, esho. Futhi, usengozini enkulu uma unesihlobo sakho segazi esike saba ne-melanoma, sinokuthambekela kokushiswa yilanga kalula, sinezinwele ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe, noma amehlo aluhlaza noma aluhlaza, noma unomlando wokuchayeka kakhulu elangeni noma ukushuka endlini. Futhi usengozini enkulu uma uke wahlolelwa umdlavuza wesikhumba wangaphambilini noma umlando weminye imidlavuza efana nomdlavuza webele noma wegilo, kusho uRalston.
Uma kuziwa kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba, 'abantu okutholwe ukuthi bane-basal cell carcinoma noma i-squamous cell carcinoma basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba wesikhathi esizayo, okuhlanganisa ne-melanoma,' esho.
Ake sihlole ezinye izindlela ezinhlanu okungenzeka ukuthi wandisa ngazo ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphandle kokuqaphela - nokuthi ungazithatha kanjani izinyathelo ezifanele zokuwunqanda.
Awusebenzisi Isikrini Selanga Esanele
'Abantu abavamile ukusebenzisa amafutha okuvikela ilanga amaningi njengoba kufanele,' kusho u-Vivian Bucay, MD, udokotela wesikhumba osebenza e-San Antonio, TX, kanye nomkhulumeli we-Skin Cancer Foundation. 'Ukuthola inani le-SPF, kufanele usebenzise izipuni ezi-2 -- okulingana cishe nengilazi yesibhamu egcwele -- yokuvikela ilanga emzimbeni wakho wonke, kanye nodoli ongalingana ne-nickel ebusweni bakho,' esho.
Mboza izindawo ovame ukugejwa kuzo njengendawo yamehlo akho, phezulu nangemuva kwezindlebe zakho, izandla zakho, nengemuva lentamo yakho. Ungakhohlwa ngezindebe zakho, noma.
'Ngitshela iziguli ukuthi ziphathe umkhiqizo wezindebe ezine-SPF ukuze ziphinde zifake isicelo ngemuva kokudla,' kusho uBucay. 'Faka isicelo kabusha njalo emahoreni angu-2, noma ngokushesha ngemva kokubhukuda, ukujuluka, noma ukukhumula ithawula.'
Awusebenzisi I-Sunscreen Unyaka Wonke
Abantu abaningi bagqoka i-sunscreen kuphela ngesikhathi esifudumele. 'Ngike ngezwa iziguli zithi azizange zigcobe i-sunscreen ngenxa yokuthi kwakuwusuku oluguqubele noma olukhithikayo,' kusho uRalston. 'Okunye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kudlula emafwini, futhi amafu anciphisa ukufudumala. Ngaphandle kwaleyo nzwa yokufudumala eyisixwayiso, abantu basengozini eyengeziwe yokuchayeka ngokweqile ekukhanyeni kwe-UV, ikakhulukazi i-UVA, engathinteki kangako ukumbozwa kwamafu.'
Uma uthanda imidlalo yasebusika, nawe usengozini. 'Iqhwa libonisa u-80% wemisebe yelanga, ngakho lenza kube lula ukushiswa yilanga,' kuchaza u-Ralston.
Awusigqoki I-Sunscreen Ngaphakathi
'Kunezindlela ezingalindelekile umuntu angathola ngazo ukuchayeka elangeni ngaphandle kokuqaphela,' kusho uSivendran. 'Isibonelo, imisebe yelanga ingena ngamafasitela, ngakho ukuhlala eduze kwefasitela isikhathi eside kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kubalulekile ukugqoka okokuvikela ilanga endlini ukuze unciphise lokhu.'
Uma ungaphakathi kwemoto noma uhamba esihlalweni sefasitela ngendiza, ibhasi, noma isitimela, lo mthetho uyasebenza futhi.
'Ingilazi yefasitela evamile ivimba ukudluliswa kwe-UVB kodwa hhayi i-UVA,' kusho uRalston. 'Amafasitela ezimoto avimba i-UVA ethile, ikakhulukazi uma amafasitela e-tinted. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nohambo olufushane emotweni luyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka futhi lubangele umonakalo omkhulu welanga.'
UyiNdoda
Ucwaningo lwesibili olusha lweNyuvesi yaseMcGill luthole ukuthi amadoda maningi amathuba okuba angabaze ukuba wusizo kwe-sunscreen futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ahlolwe ama-moles amasha kunabesifazane.
Amadoda nawo asengozini enkulu yokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV ngokuzijabulisa kwangaphandle nomsebenzi. Ukuqashwa kwangaphandle kuyisici esibalulekile: Ucwaningo olusha lwe-World Health Organization lwathola ukuthi abantu abasebenza elangeni bamelela ukufa komuntu oyedwa kwabathathu ngenxa yomdlavuza wesikhumba ongeyona i-melanoma. Okubalulekile ukuthi amadoda adinga ukukhuthala ngendlela efanayo uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni ilanga nsuku zonke.
Awuwazi Umlando Womndeni Wakho
Kubalulekile ukubuza ngomlando wezihlobo zakho wezempilo womdlavuza wesikhumba, njengoba lolu lwazi lungakusiza ukuvikela wena namanye amalungu omndeni wakho. I-National Cancer Institute ibika ukuthi u-5% kuya ku-10% wawo wonke ama-melanomas avela emindenini enamalungu amaningi ahlolelwe umdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi ye-melanoma ingazuzwa njengefa, futhi i-Melanoma Research Alliance ihlonze ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile ezingandisa ubungozi bakho.
I-American Academy of Dermatology ithi ungase uzuze ekuhlolweni kofuzo lwe-melanoma uma:
Uke waba nama-melanoma amathathu noma ngaphezulu asakazeka noma akhulela esikhumbeni sakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-45.
Uma izihlobo zegazi ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ohlangothini olulodwa lomndeni wakho ziye zaba ne-melanoma noma umdlavuza wamanyikwe.
Uma uke waba nama-moles amabili noma ngaphezulu atypical abizwa ngokuthi i-Spitz nevi.
Uma uke waba ne-Spitz nevi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu futhi omunye wezihlobo zakho zegazi eziseduze ube ne-mesothelioma, i-meningioma, noma i-melanoma yamehlo.
OKUhlobene:
Umdlavuza 'Ukwelapha' Okungasebenzi
Ungawuvikela Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesikhumba Nsuku Zonke?
'Ukugwema imisebe yelanga eyingozi ngesikhathi samandla amakhulu - phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-2 ntambama - futhi ukufuna umthunzi kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho,' kusho uSivendran. 'Sebenzisa isikrini selanga esinobubanzi obubanzi, esingangeni manzi esine-SPF okungenani engu-30. Kukhona nezingubo ezisesitayeleni, ezingasindi, ezivikela ilanga ongazigqoka unyaka wonke.'
Yenza lokhu kunyakaza kube umkhuba, futhi uzohlala uphephile elangeni kalula.
