I-Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) yisifo esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwamalunga.Ngaphakathi komzimba, amalunga angamaphuzu lapho amathambo ehlangana khona futhi avumele ukunyakaza.Iningi lala malungu - lawo abizwa ngokuthi ama-synovial joints - nawo ahlinzeka ngokumuncwa kokushaqeka.
I-RA yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba ezimele, lapho amasosha akho omzimba enza iphutha ulwelwesi lwamalunga akho njengokuthi 'olwelinye izwe' luwahlasele futhi alimaze, okuholela ekuvuvukeni nasezinhlungwini.
Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sithinta amalunga ezandla, izihlakala, namadolo ngokulinganayo.Alikho ikhambi, kodwa i-RA ingaphathwa ngokwelashwa okuhle, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Izimpawu Nezimpawu Ze-Rheumatoid Arthritis
I-Rheumatoid arthritis yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingaqondwa kahle ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha noma abacwaningi.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, njengokuvuvukala kwamalunga, ubuhlungu bamalunga, nokuqina kwamalunga, ngokuvamile ziqala kancane kancane futhi ngendlela ecashile, izimpawu zikhula kancane kancane enkathini yamasonto kuya ezinyangeni futhi ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.I-RA ngokuvamile iqala emathanjeni amancane ezandla (ikakhulukazi lawo aphansi naphakathi kweminwe), isisekelo sezinzwane, nezihlakala.Ukuqina kwasekuseni okuthatha imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphezulu kungolunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-RA, ngokwe-Arthritis Foundation.
I-RA iyisifo esiqhubekayo.Uma kuyekwa kungelashwa, ukuvuvukala kungaqala ukukhula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kubangele izinkinga ezingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ezingathinta ezinye izitho, njengenhliziyo, amaphaphu, nezinzwa, futhi kungabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwesikhathi eside.
Uma unezimpawu ze-RA, kubalulekile ukuthi uxilongwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Izimbangela Nezingozi Ze-Rheumatoid Arthritis
I-RA iqala lapho amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, ngokuvamile avikela umzimba kubahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe njengamagciwane namagciwane, engena ku-synovium (isicubu esincanyana esihlanganisa amalunga e-synovial).Kulandela ukuvuvukala - i-synovium iyajiya, ibangele ukuvuvukala, ububomvu, ukufudumala, nobuhlungu ejoyintini le-synovial.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-synovium evuthayo ingalimaza i-cartilage nethambo ngaphakathi kwesihlanganisi, kanye nokwenza buthaka imisipha esekelayo, imigqa, nama-tendon.
Abacwaningi abazi kahle ukuthi yini eyenza amasosha omzimba ahlasele i-synovium, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi izakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo zidlala indima ekuthuthukisweni kwe-RA.
Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi abantu abanofuzo oluthile, okuyizakhi zofuzo ze-human leukocyte antigen (HLA), banengozi eyanda kakhulu yokuthola i-RA.Inkimbinkimbi yofuzo lwe-HLA ilawula ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba ngokukhiqiza amaprotheni asiza amasosha omzimba abone amaprotheni avela kubahlaseli bangaphandle.
Inqwaba yezinye izakhi zofuzo nazo zibonakala zihlotshaniswa nokuba sengozini kwe-RA, okuhlanganisa i-STAT4, PTPN22, TRAF1-C5, PADI4, CTLA4, phakathi kwezinye, ngokombiko wephephabhuku iRheumatology.
Kodwa akubona bonke abanalezi zinhlobo zofuzo ezikhonjiwe abathuthukisa i-RA, futhi abantu abangenayo basengakwazi ukuyithuthukisa.Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi izici zemvelo zivame ukuqala lesi sifo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezakhi zofuzo ezibenza bangenwe kalula yiso.Lezi zici zihlanganisa:
Amagciwane namabhaktheriya (nakuba izifo ezithile zinganciphisa ingozi ye-RA, okungenani okwesikhashana)
Amahomoni wesifazane
Ukuchayeka ezinhlotsheni ezithile zothuli nemicu
Ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okwandisa nokuqhubekela phambili kokukhubazeka kubantu abane-RA.Iziguli ezikhuluphele ngokweqile mancane amathuba okuba zithole ukukhululwa kwe-RA kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikuthola kanjani ukwelashwa.
Izehlakalo ezicindezela kakhulu
Ukudla
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukubhema kanye nomlando womndeni we-RA ekwandiseni ingozi yomuntu yokuba nalesi simo.
Izingane ezifika eminyakeni engu-16 ezithola amalunga avuvukele noma abuhlungu isikhathi eside noma kuphi emzimbeni ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuthi zine-juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Itholakala Kanjani I-Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Nakuba kungekho ukuhlola okukodwa okungaxilonga i-RA, odokotela bacabangela izici eziningana lapho behlola umuntu ukuthi une-arthritis ye-rheumatoid.
Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile iqala lapho udokotela ethola umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi ehlola umzimba.Bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho ukuze ubheke izimpawu ze-RA, ikakhulukazi izinto ezifana nokuvuvukala kwamalunga isikhathi eside nokuqina kwasekuseni okuthatha okungenani isigamu sehora ngemva kokuvuka kwakho.
Okulandelayo, udokotela wakho uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze athole i-rheumatoid factor (RF) kanye nama-anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), okungaba izimpawu ezithile ze-RA futhi ezingabonisa i-RA.Usengaba ne-symmetrical arthritis yokuvuvukala noma ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesistimu zokuvuvukala.
Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, ne-magnetic resonance scans kungase kusetshenziselwe ukusiza udokotela abone ukuthi amalunga akho alimele yini noma abone ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ukuguguleka, nokwanda koketshezi.
Ngokuzayo, odokotela bangakwazi ukuxilonga i-RA besebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared (okungavamile).
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Ze-Rheumatoid Arthritis
I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ihlukaniswa njenge-seropositive noma i-seronegative.
Abantu abane-seropositive RA banama-ACPA, abizwa nangokuthi ama-anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides, atholakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi labo.Lamasosha omzimba ahlasela amalunga e-synovial futhi akhiqize izimpawu ze-RA.
Cishe amaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-80 abantu okutholwe ukuthi bane-RA banama-ACPA, futhi kubantu abaningi, amasosha omzimba andulela izimpawu ze-RA ngeminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-10, kuphawula i-Arthritis Foundation.
Abantu abane-seronegative RA banalesi sifo ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamasosha omzimba noma i-RF egazini labo.
Isikhathi Se-Rheumatoid Arthritis
I-RA yisifo esiqhubekayo futhi esingamahlalakhona.Ukulimala kwamathambo ahlangene kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ngokuvamile phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala, ngokusho kwe-Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center.Yingakho ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi abane-RA bangaphila ngendlela abebejwayele ukuphila ngayo, futhi abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukukhululeka kwezimpawu.Lokhu akusho ukuthi welashiwe kodwa kunalokho ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidambisiwe kuze kube yilapho usukwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele futhi amalunga akho awaphinde alinyazwe yi-RA.Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uzuze ukuthethelelwa bese ubuyela ekuguleni, noma ubuyisele izimpawu zakho.
Kodwa ukuxolelwa akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu ze-RA zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kungaba ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo.Ngaphezu kwemithi yobuhlungu efana nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-corticosteroids, kunezinketho eziningi zokudambisa izinhlungu kubantu abaphila ne-RA.Lokhu kufaka phakathi, phakathi kokunye:
Izithako zamafutha ezinhlanzi
Ukwelashwa okushisayo nokubanda
Ukuzivocavoca nokunyakaza
Izindlela zokuziphatha ngokomzimba njengokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okusekelwe ekucabangeni nokwamukela kanye nokwelashwa kokuzibophezela
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