I-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) isifo sokuvuvukala esingamahlalakhona kwamalunga. Ngaphakathi komzimba, amalunga angamaphoyinti lapho amathambo ehlangana khona futhi avumele ukunyakaza. Iningi lalawa malunga - lawo malunga abizwa ngokuthi amalungu e-Synovial - futhi ahlinzeke ngokutholwa okuthusayo.
I-RA yisimo se-autoimmune, lapho amasosha akho omzimba aphuze ama-linings amalunga akho athi 'ahlasela futhi ahlasele futhi alimaze, okuholela ekuvuvuni nasezinhlungwini.
Lesi sifo sivame ukubathinta kakhulu amalunga ezandla, izihlakala, namadolo ngokulinganayo. Alikho ikhambi, kepha i-RA ingaphathwa ngokwelashwa okuhle, ngokuya ngezikhungo zokulawulwa kwezifo kanye nokuvimbela (CDC).
Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-rheumatoid arthritis
I-Rheumatoid arthritis yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingaqondwa kahle ngudokotela noma abacwaningi.
Izimpawu zokuqala zezifo, njengokuvuvukala okuhlanganayo, izinhlungu ezihlangene, nokuqina okuhlangene, ngokuvamile ziqala ngendlela evamile futhi ecashile, ngezimpawu ezikhulisa kancane isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga kuya ezinyangeni nasekuseni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. URa uvame ukuqala emathanjeni amancane ezandla (ikakhulukazi ezasendaweni naphakathi kweminwe), isisekelo sezinzwane, kanye nezihlakala. Ukuqina kokubulawa kokugcina okuhlala imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphezulu kungenye elinye uphawu lwe-RA, nge-Arthritis Foundation.
I-RA yisifo esiqhubekayo. Lapho kushiywa kungalashwa, ukuvuvukala kungaqala ukuthuthuka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kubangele izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezingase zibe zithinta ezinye izitho, njengezinhliziyo, kanye nezinzwa, futhi kungadala ukukhubazeka okuphezulu.
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ze-RA, kubalulekile ukutholakala ngokushesha ukuze ukwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
Izimbangela Nezingozi Zengozi ZaseRheumatoid Arthritis
I-RA ikhula lapho amaseli amhlophe egazi, avame ukuvikela umzimba kubahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe anjengegciwane namagciwane namagciwane, faka i-synovium (izicubu ezicisiwe ezilinganisa amalunga ama-synovium). Ukuvuvukala kuqinisekisa - i-synovium ikhula, ibangela ukuvuvukala, ubomvu, ukufudumala nobuhlungu ekuhlanganiseni kwe-synovial.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-synovium evuthayo ingalimaza i-cartilage nethambo ngaphakathi kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nemisipha yokusekela, ama-ligaments kanye nama-tendons.
Abaphenyi azazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasele i-synovium, kodwa kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo zofuzo nezinto zezemvelo zidlala indima ekuthuthukisweni kweRa.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanezakhi zofuzo ezithile, okungukuthi i-human leukocyte antigen (HLA), zinengozi eyanda kakhulu yokuthola i-RA. I-HLA gene contrations ilawula izimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba ngokukhiqiza amaprotheni asiza amasosha omzimba aqaphele amaprotheni avela kwabezinye izihlaseli zakwamanye amazwe.
Ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zofuzo nazo zibonakala zihlotshaniswa ne-RA Suftivest, kufaka phakathi i-Stat4, i-PTTTN22, i-TRAF1-C5, CTLA4, CTLA4, CTLA4, phakathi kwabanye, ngokusho kombiko wephephabhuku i-rheumatology.
Kepha akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zinto zofuzo ezikhonjwe ezakha i-RA, futhi abantu ngaphandle kwabo basengakuthuthukisa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi izici zezemvelo zivame ukubangela lesi sifo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanokwakheka kofuzo okubenza bathambekele kakhulu kukho. Lezi zinto zifaka:
Amagciwane kanye namagciwane (yize ukutheleleka okuthile kunganciphisa ingozi yengozi, okungenani okwesikhashana)
Ama-hormone abesifazane
Ukuchayeka ezinhlotsheni ezithile zothuli nemicu
Ukuvezwa kwentuthu ebhemayo
Ukukhuluphala, okubuye kwandise ukuthuthuka kokukhubazeka kwabantu abaneRa. Iziguli ezikhuluphele mancane amathuba okuthola ukukhishwa kweRaha noma ngabe zithini ukwelashwa abakutholayo.
Izehlakalo ezicindezelayo kakhulu
Ukudla
Ngokubaluleke ngokufanayo bayabhema kanye nomlando womndeni weRa ekwandiseni ubungozi bomuntu bokuthuthukisa isimo.
Izingane zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-16 ubudala ezithola ukuhlala isikhathi eside noma ezibuhlungu noma kuphi emzimbeni zivame ukutholakala ku-Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia).
Kutholakala kanjani isifo samathambo?
Ngenkathi kungabikho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungaqondakaliswa kahle i-RA, odokotela babheka izinto eziningana lapho kuhlaziywa umuntu ngesifo samathambo.
Inqubo yokuxilonga imvamisa iqala lapho udokotela ethola umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho ukuthi babheke izimpawu ze-RA, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinjengokuvuvukala okuhlangene okuhlangene kanye nokuqina kwasekuseni okuhlala okungenani isigamu sehora ngemuva kokuvuka.
Okulandelayo, udokotela wakho azokwazi uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ama-rheumatoid factor (RF) nama-antibodies alwa namaprotheni angonakalisiwe (ACPAS), angaba ngamamaki athile eRA futhi angakhombisa iRa. Usengase ube nama-arthritis wokuvuvukala okuvumelanayo nge noma ngaphandle kwamamaki ahleliwe wokuvuvukala.
Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga okufana ne-X-ray, i-ultrasound, kanye nezithombe ze-magnetic resonance images Scans zingasetshenziswa ukusiza udokotela ukuthola ukuthi amalunga akho awonakalisiwe yini noma ukuthola ukwakhiwa kwamanzi, ukuguguleka kanye nokwakhiwa koketshezi.
Esikhathini esizayo, odokotela bangakwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukukhanya okukhanyayo (okungavumbulukile).
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-rheumatoid arthritis
I-Rheumatoid arthritis ihlukaniswa njenge-seropositive noma i-seronegative.
Abantu abane-seropositive ra beba ne-ACPAs, ebizwa nangokuthi ama-anti-cyclic citrullinated ama-peptides, atholakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi labo. Lawa ma-antibodies ahlasela amalunga ama-synovial futhi akhiqize izimpawu zeRa.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangama-80 abantu abatholakala bene-ACPAS, futhi kubantu abaningi, amasosha omzimba andulela izimpawu ze-RA ngeminyaka emi-5 kuye kweli-10, aphawula i-Arthritis Foundation.
Abantu abane-seronegative ra banesifo ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamasosha omzimba noma i-rf egazini labo.
Isikhathi se-rheumatoid arthritis
I-RA yisifo esithuthukayo nesingamahlalakhona. Ukulimala kwamathambo ahlanganyelwe kusenesikhathi kakhulu ekuqhubekeni kwalesi sifo, ngokuvamile kungakapheli iminyaka emibili, ngokusho kwe-Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. Kungakho ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokwelashwa okusebenzayo, kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi abaneRa bangaphila njengoba bevame, futhi abantu abaningi bangathola ukuxolelwa kwezimpawu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi welaphekile kepha kunalokho izimpawu zakho zincishisiwe kuze kube yilapho ungasebenza khona ngokugcwele futhi amalunga akho awonakalisiwe azolinyazwa yiRa. Kungenzeka futhi ukufeza ukuxolelwa bese ubuyela emuva, noma zibuyiselwe izimpawu zakho.
Kepha ukuxolelwa akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ngoba izinhlungu nezinye izimpawu zeRa zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kungaba ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwemithi yobuhlungu efana nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye nama-corticosteroids, kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola izinhlungu kubantu abaphila neRA. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abanye:
Izithako ze-Fish Amafutha
Ukwelashwa okushisayo nokubandayo
Ukuzivocavoca nokunyakaza
Izindlela zomzimba ezifana nokuncishiswa kokuncishiswa kokucabanga okusekelwe ekunakekelweni kanye nokwemukelwa kokuzibophezela nokuzibophezela
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