Kudziwitsa Ndi Kupewa Matenda a Shuga

Chaka chilichonse pa Novembara 14, anthu padziko lonse lapansi amayang'ana kwambiri vuto lalikulu la thanzi - shuga. Tsikuli lasankhidwa kukhala Tsiku la World Diabetes ndi bungwe la United Nations ndi International Diabetes Federation, cholinga chake ndikudziwitsa anthu padziko lonse lapansi za matenda a shuga. Chaka chino ndi tsiku la 17 la World Diabetes Day, lomwe linali ndi mutu wakuti 'Aliyense Ayenera Kusamalira Matenda a Matenda a Shuga' ndi mutu wakuti 'Dziwani Kuopsa Kwawo, Dziwani Mayankho.' Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za matenda a shuga, anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu, njira zodzitetezera, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimapatsa owerenga kumvetsetsa kwakukulu.

I. Kodi Prediabetes ndi chiyani?

Prediabetes imatanthawuza mkhalidwe womwe shuga m'magazi amunthu amakwera kuposa momwe amakhalira koma osafikira njira zodziwira matenda a shuga. Zimayimira chiyambi cha matenda a shuga, pomwe momwe thupi limayankhira insulin limayamba kufooka, ndipo kuwongolera shuga m'magazi sikuli kothandiza monga momwe zilili bwino.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a prediabetes ndizo: +

◆ Kusala kudya kwa Glucose (IFG): Kusala kudya kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kokwezeka koma sikukwaniritsa zofunikira za matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, izi zikutanthauza kusala kudya shuga wamagazi pakati pa 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) ndi 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L).

◆ Kulekerera kwa Glucose Kulephera (IGT): Maola awiri a shuga m'magazi panthawi yoyezetsa shuga wamagazi (OGTT) ndi apamwamba kuposa momwe amachitira koma samafika pamlingo wa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, izi zikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a maola awiri pakati pa 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) ndi 199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L).

Kukhalapo kwa prediabetes kukuwonetsa chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga komanso kumapereka mwayi wopewa. Kupyolera mukukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kukhala ndi thupi labwino, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kuchedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa kudwala matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi prediabetes. Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kungathandize kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

II. Kodi Anthu Omwe Ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha Matenda a Shuga (Akuluakulu>zaka 18) ndi ati?

Kwa akuluakulu, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga ndi omwe ali ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwazinthu zotsatirazi. Zinthu zimenezi zingapangitse kuti munthu adwale matenda a shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndi:

1. Zaka ≥40 zaka: Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi zaka.

2. Mbiri ya prediabetes (IGT, IFG, kapena onse awiri): Anapezeka kale ndi matenda a shuga, mwachitsanzo, kusala kudya kwa shuga m'magazi kapena kulolerana kwa glucose.

3. Kunenepa kwambiri (BMI ≥24 kg/m²) kapena kunenepa kwambiri (BMI ≥28 kg/m²) ndi/kapena kunenepa kwambiri: Kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, makamaka kunenepa kwambiri kwapakati, komwe kumadziwika ndi kudzikundikira mafuta m'mimba.

4. Moyo wongokhala: Kusachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

5. Mbiri ya banja la matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri pakati pa achibale oyambirira: Achibale achindunji (makolo, abale) omwe anali ndi mbiri ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

6. Mbiri ya matenda a shuga a gestational mwa amayi: Omwe adapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a gestational ali ndi pakati.

7. Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa Systolic ≥140 mmHg ndi / kapena diastolic magazi ≥90 mmHg kapena kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala.

8. Mitsempha yamagazi osadziwika bwino: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤0.91 mmol/L ndi/kapena triglycerides (TG) ≥2.22 mmol/L kapena akulandira mankhwala ochepetsa lipid.

9. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) odwala: Anthu omwe ali kale ndi matenda a atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

10. Mbiri ya matenda a shuga a transient steroid: M'mbuyomu adakumana ndi zochitika zosakhalitsa za shuga wambiri m'magazi.

11. Odwala a Polycystic ovary (PCOS) kapena matenda okhudzana ndi insulini kukana: Monga hirsutism.

12. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali kwa mankhwala oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi / kapena kupsinjika maganizo ndi ma statins: Mankhwala apadera angagwirizane ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga.

Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zowopsazi kungapangitse anthu kukhala ndi matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa pafupipafupi kwa matenda a shuga komanso kusamalira thanzi kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

III. Kodi Zizindikiro za Matenda a Shuga Ndi Chiyani??

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu komanso nthawi ya matenda a shuga. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, pali zizindikiro zina zomwe matenda a shuga angawonekere:

Polyuria (kukodza pafupipafupi): Odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ludzu chifukwa shuga wokwera amawonjezera madzi m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukodza pafupipafupi.

1. Polydipsia (ludzu lopambanitsa): Chifukwa cha kukodza pafupipafupi, odwala akhoza kukhala ndi ludzu losazolowereka monga momwe thupi limayankhira kutaya madzi.

2. Kuonda: Ngakhale kuti amakula kwambiri, kulephera kwa maselo kugwiritsa ntchito shuga mogwira mtima kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi mafuta kuti apange mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lochepa.

3. Kutopa: Odwala matenda a shuga amatha kutopa kapena kufooka, mwina chifukwa cha kulephera kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wamagazi ngati gwero lamphamvu.

4. Kusawona bwino: Kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi kungayambitse kutaya madzi m'maso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asaone bwino. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakhalitsa, ndipo zizindikiro zimatha kuchepa ndi kuwongolera kwa shuga m'magazi.

5. Kuchira mwapang’onopang’ono: Matenda a shuga amasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yochiritsa zilonda ndi kuvulala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilonda chichirike kwa nthawi yaitali.

6. Kudwaladwala pafupipafupi: Odwala matenda a shuga amatengeka mosavuta ndi matenda, makamaka pakhungu, m’mikodzo, ndi m’njira yopuma.

7. Kuchita dzanzi kapena kumva kulasalasa m’malekezero (diabetic neuropathy): Shuga wokwera m’magazi kwa nthaŵi yaitali angawononge dongosolo lamanjenje, kuchititsa dzanzi, kumva kuwawa, kapena kupweteka kwa miyendo.

8. Zilonda za m’miyendo: Kusayendetsedwa bwino kwa matenda a shuga kwa nthaŵi yaitali kungachititse kuti mitsempha ya m’mitsempha ya magazi ndi minyewa iwonongeke, n’kumawonjezera ngozi ya zilonda zam’munsi.

9. Kusokonekera kwa kugonana: Matenda a shuga angayambitse mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, kusokoneza chilakolako ndi ntchito.

Zizindikirozi mwina sangakhale ndi wodwala aliyense wa shuga ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zofatsa. Makamaka akamayambilira matenda a shuga, zizindikiro zake zimakhala zosaoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa koyambirira kwa shuga ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso omwe ali ndi zizindikiro. Ngati pali zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga kapena zinthu zomwe zingawopsyezedwe, kuyezetsa kwachipatala panthawi yake ndikuzindikiritsa matenda ndikulimbikitsidwa.

IV. Kodi Zizindikiro za Matenda a Shuga Ndi Chiyani ?

Mavuto a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kupita ku ziwalo ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana m'thupi. Mavutowa amatha kuchitika mwa odwala matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati matenda a shuga sakuyendetsedwa bwino kapena kulandira chithandizo mwachangu. Nawa zovuta za matenda a shuga komanso zizindikiro zake:

1. Matenda a mtima: Kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kupweteka pachifuwa, palpitations, kupuma movutikira, kutopa, etc.

2. Peripheral Neuropathy: Kuchuluka kwa shuga m’magazi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, kuchititsa dzanzi, kumva kuwawa, kuwawa, kapena kusamva bwino m’malekezero.

3. Matenda a impso: Matenda a shuga okwera kwambiri amatha kuwononga impso, ndipo pamapeto pake zimayambitsa matenda aakulu a impso. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kusintha kwa mkodzo (kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa), kutupa, kuthamanga kwa magazi.

4. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy: Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi amodzi mwa mavuto omwe amafala kwambiri m'maso mwa odwala matenda a shuga, zomwe zimayambitsa kusawona bwino, kutayika kwa maso, kapena khungu.

5. Mavuto a mapazi: Kuthamanga kwa shuga kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'mapazi ndi mitsempha ya magazi, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha zilonda zam'mapazi ndi matenda.

6. Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwirizana ndipo zimakhudzana. Hypertension ikhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chodziyimira pawokha pamavuto a shuga.

7. Cholesterol chokwera: Shuga wochuluka m’mwazi ukhoza kuyambitsa kusokonezeka kwa lipid, kuonjezera ngozi ya atherosclerosis ndi matenda a mtima.

8. Diabetic neuropathy: Kuphatikiza pa zotumphukira neuropathy, zingayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto am'mimba, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa kugonana, ndi zina zambiri.

9. Phazi la Matenda a shuga: Shuga wokwera kwa nthawi yaitali angapangitse kuti mapazi asamamve bwino, kuwapangitsa kuti azivulala, potsirizira pake amasanduka zilonda ndi matenda.

10. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha fractures: Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti chiopsezo cha fractures chikhoza kuwonjezeka kwa odwala matenda a shuga, makamaka okalamba.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuyambika kwa zovutazi kumatha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina kumakhalapo mwa odwala asanadziwe. Chifukwa chake, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa thanzi nthawi zonse komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa zovuta. Kuzindikira msanga ndi njira zochiritsira zoyenera kungathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa zovuta.

V. Mmene Mungathetsere Mavuto Apamwambawa?

Ngati shuga wanu wamagazi ndi wabwinobwino ndipo muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, ndikuwunika pafupipafupi zizindikiro za kagayidwe kachakudya monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, shuga wamagazi, lipids m'magazi, ndi kulemera kwake.

Ngati mwangoyamba kumene matenda a shuga, kulimbikitsa moyo wanu n'kofunika kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kumwa mchere ndi mowa, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchepetsa kudya kwa kalori, ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kwa mphindi zoposa 150 pa sabata. Ngati zolinga zoyembekezeredwa sizikukwaniritsidwa pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kulowererapo kwa mankhwala, monga metformin kapena acarbose, kungaganizidwe.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Malinga ndi luso lachipatala lamakono, matenda a shuga si ovuta monga momwe amawonekera. Ndikuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake, matenda a shuga amatha kusinthidwa bwino, kupeza chikhululukiro chachipatala ndikukumasulani ku mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Ndi magulu ati a anthu omwe atha kukhala ndi matenda a shuga?

1. Odwala matenda a shuga oyambilira: Kuchita zinthu mwachidwi kwa odwala matenda a shuga, kuphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchepetsa thupi, ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kungathandize kuchepetsa matenda a shuga pamlingo wina.

2. Odwala matenda a shuga omwe angopezeka kumene: Kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa moyo ndi zakudya, kwa odwala matenda a shuga omwe angowapeza kumene kungathandize kuti matenda a shuga asinthe.

3. Odwala matenda a shuga onenepa kwambiri: Kunenepa kwambiri kumayenderana kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga. Kupyolera mu kuchepetsa thupi, kudya zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri, ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, odwala matenda a shuga kapena onenepa kwambiri amatha kusintha.

4. Odwala omwe ali ndi yankho labwino pakusintha kwa moyo: Odwala ena amatha kusintha moyo wawo, kuphatikizapo zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kwa odwalawa, kutsatira moyo wathanzi kumatha kukulitsa mwayi wosintha matenda a shuga.

5. Odwala matenda a shuga achichepere: Odwala matenda a shuga achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi luso lotha kusintha kagayidwe kake. Posintha moyo wawo, atha kupeza mosavuta kuti asinthe matenda a shuga.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kusintha kwa shuga sikumagwira ntchito kwa aliyense, ndipo zotsatira zimatha kusiyana munthu ndi munthu. Kusiyanasiyana kwa thupi, kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga, ndi moyo zidzakhudza kuthekera kwa kusintha. Chifukwa chake, njira iliyonse yothanirana ndi matenda a shuga iyenera kuchitidwa motsogozedwa ndi dokotala ndikutengera momwe munthu angakhalire. Madokotala amatha kuwunika thanzi lonse la odwala, kupereka upangiri woyenera, ndikupanga mapulani amunthu payekhapayekha.