Rhoqo ngonyaka ngoNovemba 14, abantu kwihlabathi liphela bagxile kumbandela obalulekileyo wezempilo-iswekile. Olu suku luchongwe njengoSuku lweHlabathi lweSifo seswekile nguMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye ne-International Diabetes Federation, ejolise ekuphakamiseni ulwazi lwehlabathi kunye nokuqonda malunga nesifo seswekile. Lo nyaka uphawula i-17th World Diabetes Day, enomxholo othi 'Wonke umntu ufanelwe kuLawulo lwezeMpilo yeSifo seswekile' kunye nesiqubulo esithi 'Yazi umngcipheko, Yazi impendulo.' Eli nqaku lijonga imvelaphi yesifo seswekile, abantu abasengozini enkulu, amanyathelo okuthintela, kunye nokunye, ukunika abafundi ukuqonda okubanzi.
I. Yintoni i-Pre-diabetes?
I-pre-diabetes ibhekisela kwimeko apho amanqanaba eswekile egazi lomntu angaphezulu kunesiqhelo kodwa akafikelelanga kwiikhrayitheriya zokuxilonga isifo seswekile. Imele inqanaba lokuqala ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo seswekile, apho impendulo yomzimba kwi-insulin iqala ukuba buthathaka, kwaye ukulawula iswekile yegazi akusebenzi njengemeko eqhelekileyo.
Iimeko eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-prediabetes ziquka:
◆ I-Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG): Amanqanaba eshukela egazi ngokukhawuleza aphakanyisiwe kodwa awahambelani nemilinganiselo yesifo sikashukela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubhekiselele kumazinga eshukela egazi ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwe-100 mg / dL (5.6 mmol / L) kunye ne-125 mg / dL (6.9 mmol / L).
◆ Ukunyamezeleka kweGlucose (IGT): Amanqanaba eeshukela zeeyure ezimbini ngexesha lovavanyo lokunyamezela i-glucose ngomlomo (OGTT) luphezulu kunesiqhelo kodwa alufikeleli kumgangatho wesifo sikashukela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubhekiselele kumanqanaba eeshukela zeeyure ezimbini phakathi kwe-140 mg / dL (7.8 mmol / L) kunye ne-199 mg / dL (11.0 mmol / L).
Ubukho be-pre-diabetes bubonisa umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nesifo seswekile kodwa kunika ithuba lokuthintela. Ngokuphila ngendlela enempilo, ukutya okunesondlo, umthambo ophakathi, kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, abantu abanesifo seswekile basenokulibazisa okanye bathintele ukukhula kwesifo seswekile. Ke ngoko, ukungenelela kwindlela yokuphila esebenzayo kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo kubalulekile kubantu abafunyaniswe benesifo seswekile. Ukuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukuthothisa okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwesifo seswekile.
II. Ngoobani aBemi basemngciphekweni ophezulu weSifo seswekile (Abadala>iminyaka eyi-18 ubudala)?
Kubantu abadala, abantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo seswekile babandakanya abantu abanenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko. Ezi zinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile. Imiba ephambili yomngcipheko kubantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo seswekile zezi:
1. Ubudala ≥iminyaka engama-40: Umngcipheko wesifo seswekile ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngokukhula.
2. Imbali ye-pre-diabetes (IGT, IFG, okanye zombini): Ngaphambili kwafunyaniswa ukuba une-prediabetes, oko kukuthi, ukukhubazeka kokuzila ukutya kweshukela okanye ukunyamezela kwe-glucose.
3. Ubunzima obugqithisileyo (BMI ≥24 kg/m²) okanye ukutyeba (BMI ≥28 kg/m²) kunye/okanye ukutyeba okuphakathi: Ukutyeba kakhulu nokutyeba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezibeka umngcipheko kwisifo seswekile, ngakumbi ukutyeba okuphakathi, okubonakaliswa sisisu. ukuqokelelana kwamafutha.
4. Indlela yokuphila yokungaphumli: Ukungakwazi ukwenza umthambo nokuziphatha ixesha elide kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo seswekile.
5. Imbali yentsapho yohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile phakathi kwezihlobo zokuqala: Amalungu entsapho ngokuthe ngqo (abazali, abantakwabo) abaneembali ze-2 yeswekile.
6. Imbali yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwabasetyhini: Ngaphambili kwafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo sikashukela ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
7. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-Systolic ≥140 mmHg kunye / okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-diastolic ≥90 mmHg okanye unyango lwe-antihypertensive.
8. Iilipids zegazi ezingaqhelekanga: I-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤0.91 mmol / L kunye / okanye i-triglycerides (TG) ≥2.22 mmol / L okanye iphantsi kwe-lipid-ukunciphisa unyango.
9. I-Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) izigulane: Abantu abasele benesifo se-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
10. Imbali yesifo seswekile se-steroid edlulayo: Iziganeko ezidlulileyo zexesha elidlulileyo zeswekile ephezulu yegazi.
11. Izigulane ze-Polycystic ovary (PCOS) okanye iimeko zeklinikhi ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin: Njenge-hirsutism.
12. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-antipsychotic kunye / okanye i-antidepressant amayeza kunye ne-statins: Amachiza athile angadibaniswa nokuphuhliswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ubukho bezi zinto zisemngciphekweni bunokwenza abantu babe sesichengeni seswekile. Ke ngoko, ukujongwa rhoqo kwesifo seswekile kunye nolawulo lwempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasengozini enkulu.
Igazi elonyukayo
Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phantsi
Ubunzima obugqithisileyo (BMI ≥24 kg/m²)
III. Zeziphi iimpawu zesifo seswekile?
Iimpawu zesifo sikashukela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobude besifo seswekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, nantsi ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonakaliswa nesifo seswekile:
I-Polyuria (ukuchama rhoqo): Izigulana zesifo seswekile zihlala zinxaniwe kuba iswekile ephezulu isegazini inyusa umthamo wamanzi emzimbeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchameni rhoqo.
1. I-Polydipsia (unxano olugqithisileyo): Ngenxa yokuchama rhoqo, izigulane zinokufumana ukoma okungaqhelekanga njengempendulo ye-physiological ekulahlekeni kwamanzi.
2. Ukunciphisa umzimba: Nangona ukwanda kokutya, ukungakwazi kweeseli ukusebenzisa i-glucose ngokufanelekileyo kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemisipha kunye namafutha ukuze kube namandla, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo.
3. Ukudinwa: Izigulana zesifo seswekile zinokuziva zidiniwe okanye zibuthathaka, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa iswekile yegazi njengomthombo wamandla.
4. Ukubona luzizi: Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile esegazini anokubangela ulwelo oluphuma emehlweni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni angaboni kakuhle. Oku kudla ngokuba kokwexeshana, kwaye iimpawu zisenokuncipha ngokulawulwa kwamaqondo eswekile yegazi.
5. Ukuphola kancinane kwenxeba: Isifo seswekile sichaphazela amandla omzimba okuphilisa amanxeba nokwenzakala, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni inxeba liphole ixesha elide.
6. Usulelo oluthe rhoqo: Abaguli abanesifo seswekile bachanabeke ngakumbi kusulelo, ingakumbi eluswini, kumchamo nakwinkqubo yokuphefumla.
7. Ubundisholo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo (isifo se-diabetic neuropathy): Ixesha elide iswekile yegazi inokonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ibangele ukuba ndindisholo, ukubetha, okanye intlungu kumalungu.
8. Izilonda emilenzeni: Ukungalawuleki kakuhle kwesifo seswekile kangangexesha elide kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwemithambo yegazi nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, nto leyo eyandisa ingozi yokuba nezilonda emazantsi emilenzeni.
9. Ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo: Isifo seswekile sinokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokusebenza ngokwesondo, ezichaphazela i-libido kunye nokusebenza.
Ezi mpawu zisenokungafumaneki kuzo zonke izigulana zeswekile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba buthathaka. Ngokukodwa kumanqanaba okuqala esifo seswekile, iimpawu zisenokungabonakali. Ke ngoko, ukujongwa kwangoko kwesifo seswekile kubalulekile kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu kunye nabo baneempawu. Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezinxulumene nesifo sikashukela okanye izinto ezinobungozi, ukuhlolwa kwezonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuxilongwa kuyacetyiswa.
Ukudinwa
I-Polydipsia
Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuntlitheka emacaleni
IV. Ziziphi iiMpawu zeengxaki zesifo seswekile ?
Iingxaki zesifo seswekile zivela kumonakalo wexesha elide obangelwa yishukela ephezulu yegazi kumalungu ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo emzimbeni. Ezi ngxaki zinokuvela kwizigulana zeswekile, ngakumbi xa isifo seswekile singalawulwa ngokwaneleyo okanye siphathwe ngokukhawuleza. Nazi ezinye iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zesifo seswekile kunye neempawu zazo ezinokubakho:
1. Isifo se-cardiovascular: Iswekile ephezulu yegazi inokubangela umonakalo we-vascular, ukwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi. Iimpawu zingabandakanya intlungu yesifuba, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukudinwa, njl.
2. I-peripheral neuropathy: Iswekile ephezulu yexesha elide inokukhokelela kumonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous, ebangela ukuba ndindisholo, ukubetha, intlungu, okanye ukuva okungaqhelekanga kwimida.
3. Isifo sezintso seswekile: Iswekile eninzi isegazini inokonakalisa izintso, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwisifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya utshintsho kumchamo (ukwanda okanye ukunciphisa), ukuvuvukala, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
4. I-Diabetic retinopathy: I-Diabetic retinopathy yenye yeengxaki zamehlo ezixhaphakileyo kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela, ezikhokelela ekungabonini kakuhle, ukulahlekelwa yintsimi ebonakalayo, okanye ukungaboni.
5. Iingxaki zeenyawo: Ixesha elide iswekile yegazi inokukhokelela kumonakalo kwimithambo-luvo yeenyawo kunye nemithambo yegazi, ukwandisa umngcipheko wezilonda zeenyawo kunye nosulelo.
6. Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi luhlala lunxibelelana kwaye luchaphazelana. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokuba ngumngcipheko ozimeleyo weengxaki zesifo sikashukela.
7. I<em>cholesterol ephezulu: Iswekile eninzi isegazini inokukhokelela kwimibhobho ye-lipid engaqhelekanga, inyusa umngcipheko we-atherosclerosis kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
8. I-Diabetes neuropathy: Ukongeza kwi-peripheral neuropathy, inokukhokelela kumonakalo kwinkqubo ye-nervous autonomic, ebangela iingxaki zesisu, ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo, njl.
9. Unyawo lwesifo seswekile: Ixesha elide iswekile yegazi inokukhokelela ekunciphiseni uvakalelo ezinyaweni, zenze ukuba zibe nokwenzakala, ekugqibeleni zikhule zibe yizilonda kunye nosulelo.
10. Ukunyuka kwengozi yokuphuka: Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba umngcipheko wokuphuka unokwandisa kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela, ngakumbi kubantu abadala.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuqala kwezi ngxaki kunokuhamba kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha kubekho kwizigulana ngaphambi kokuba zizazi. Ke ngoko, kwizigulana zeswekile, ukujongwa rhoqo kwezempilo kunye nolawulo lwenqanaba leswekile yegazi lungundoqo ekuthinteleni iingxaki. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye namanyathelo onyango afanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqhubela phambili kweengxaki.
V. Indlela Yokujongana Nezi Zimo Zingentla?
Ukuba iswekile yakho yegazi iqhelekile kwaye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukugcina impilo enempilo, ukwenza umthambo ophakathi, kwaye ubeke iliso rhoqo izikhombisi zemetabolism ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, iswekile yegazi, iilipids zegazi kunye nobunzima.
Ukuba ukumanqanaba okuqala esifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukomeleza indlela ophila ngayo. Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa ityuwa kunye nokusela utywala, ukwamkela ukutya okunokulinganisela, ukulawula ukutya kweekhalori, kunye nokuzibandakanya kumsebenzi womzimba ophezulu ngaphezu kwemizuzu ye-150 ngeveki. Ukuba iinjongo zongenelelo ezilindelekileyo azifezekanga emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ukungenelela kweziyobisi, njenge-metformin okanye i-acarbose, kunokuqwalaselwa.
Ukuba ufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo seswekile, akukho mfuneko yakukhathazeka. Ngokutsho kobugcisa bezonyango lwangoku, isifo seswekile asiyoyiki njengoko sibonakala. Ngokungenelela kwangethuba, isifo sikashukela sinokutshintshwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukufezekisa ukuxolelwa kweklinikhi kunye nokukhulula kwiyeza zokunciphisa i-glucose. Ngawaphi amaqela abantu abanokuthi bafumane ukuguqulwa kwesifo seswekile?
1. Izigulane zesifo seswekile zakuqala: Ukungenelela kwindlela yokuphila esebenzayo kwizigulane zokuqala zesifo sikashukela, kubandakanywa nokutya okunokulinganisela, ukulawula ubunzima, kunye nokunyuka komzimba, kunokunceda ukuguqula isifo seswekile ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
2. Izigulane ezisanda kuxilongwa zesifo seswekile: Ukungenelela kwangethuba, kubandakanywa nendlela yokuphila kunye nokuphuculwa kokutya, kwizigulane ezisandul 'ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kunokufaka isandla ekubuyiseleni ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sikashukela.
3. Izigulana ezityebe ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ezityebe kakhulu ezinesifo seswekile: Ubunzima bomzimba buhlobene ngokusondeleyo nesifo seswekile. Ngokulawulwa kobunzima, ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi, kunye nokwandisa umthambo, izigulane ezityebileyo okanye ezityebileyo zesifo seswekile zinokufikelela umva.
4. Izigulane ezinempendulo efanelekileyo kwiinguqu zokuphila: Ezinye izigulane ziyakwazi ukutshintsha indlela yokuphila, kubandakanywa nemikhwa yokutya kunye nokuzilolonga. Kwezi zigulana, ukubambelela kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokonyusa kakhulu amathuba okuguqulwa kwesifo seswekile.
5. Abaguli abancinci abanesifo seswekile: Abaguli abancinci abanesifo seswekile bahlala bekwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngcono nemetabolism. Ngokutshintsha indlela abaphila ngayo, banokukufumanisa kulula ukuphumeza ukuguqulwa kwesifo seswekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuguqulwa kwesifo seswekile akusebenzi kuwo wonke umntu, kwaye iziphumo zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Ukwahluka komntu ngamnye kwimeko yomzimba, ubunzima besifo seswekile, kunye nendlela yokuphila kuya kuchaphazela ukubakho kokuguqulwa. Ngoko ke, nasiphi na isicwangciso sokuguqula isifo sikashukela kufuneka senziwe phantsi kolwalathiso lukagqirha kwaye silungelelanise iimeko zomntu ngamnye. Oogqirha banokuhlola impilo yonke yezigulane, banike iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo, kwaye baphuhlise izicwangciso zonyango lomntu.
