Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umkhwa obhidayo owaziwa ngokuba 'yi-sunscreen paradox' ushiye oogqirha bezonwaya iintloko. Ngaphandle kokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwe-sunscreen, amazinga e-melanoma kunye nezinye i-cancer zolusu ziye zanda. Uphononongo oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseMcGill eMontreal lukhanyisa ingcaciso enokwenzeka: ukungaqondi kakuhle ukuba i-sunscreen ibonelela ngelayisenisi yokuchaswa kwelanga okungenamkhawulo. Eli nqaku liphonononga imeko yangoku yomhlaza wolusu, iimpawu zawo, imiba esemngciphekweni, kwaye lityhila iindlela abantu abanokuthi ngokungazi bawunyuse umngcipheko wabo.
Iinkcukacha-manani zoMhlaza wolusu:
Iimeko ezihlaselayo zemelanoma zenyuke ngama-27% kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
Amazinga e-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) anyuke phantse nge-10% ngonyaka.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kufikelele phantse kwi-1 yezigidi zeemeko ngonyaka e-US
Iimeko zeMerkel cell carcinoma kuqikelelwa ukuba ziya kudlula ama-3,200 ngonyaka kule minyaka mibini izayo.
Imbono ephosakeleyo nge-Sunscreen:
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngokungalunganga ukuba ukugqoka i-sunscreen kuvumela ukukhanya kwelanga okungenamkhawulo. Ugqirha wesikhumba uJames Ralston ugxininisa ukuba yonke imizekelo yolusu yonakalisa ulusu, ukukhawulezisa ukuguga kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu.
Iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu:
I-MD Anderson Cancer Centre idwelisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wolusu, kubandakanywa utshintsho kumbala, ukumila, okanye ubungakanani bamabala akhoyo, iindawo ezirhawuzelayo okanye ezibuhlungu, izilonda ezingapholiyo, kunye nokukhula okungaqhelekanga.
Imiba yoMngcipheko:
Abantu abaneemoles ezingaphezu kwama-50, iimoles ezinkulu okanye ezingaqhelekanga basengozini enkulu.
Abo banembali yosapho ye-melanoma, utyekelo lokutshiswa lilanga ngokulula, kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo nabo banokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi.
Uxilongo lwangaphambili lomhlaza wolusu okanye ezinye ii-cancer ezifana nebele okanye umhlaza we-thyroid zonyusa umngcipheko.
Imiba yoMngcipheko engabonakaliyo:
Usetyenziso olunganelanga lwe-sunscreen:
Ugqirha wesikhumba uVivian Bucay ulumkisa ukuba abantu abafane basebenzise i-sunscreen eyaneleyo, bacebise amacephe ama-2 kuwo wonke umzimba.
Iindawo ezingahoywanga njengendawo yamehlo, iindlebe, izandla, intamo, kunye nemilebe akufuneki zingahoywa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sunscreen ngexesha lonyaka:
I-sunscreen ibalulekile unyaka wonke, njengoko imitha ye-UV inokungena emafini.
Abathandi bemidlalo yasebusika bajongene nomngcipheko owongeziweyo ngenxa yekhephu elibonakalisa i-80% yemitha yelanga.
Ukubethwa Lilanga Ngaphakathi:
Imitha yelanga igqobhoza ezifestileni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke ukuzikhusela elangeni nangaphakathi endlwini.
Iifestile zemoto, nokuba zifakwe umbala, zivumela ukungena kwe-UVA, kubangele ukonakala kwelanga.
Umahluko ngokwesini:
Amadoda athandabuza kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-sunscreen kwaye aphephe ukujongwa kwe-moles.
Umsebenzi wangaphandle kunye nokuzonwabisa kunegalelo ekuveleni okuphezulu kwe-UV kumadoda.
Ukunqongophala koLwazi ngeMbali yoSapho:
Imbali yosapho ibalulekile, njengoko ingozi yemelanoma inokuzuzwa njengelifa.
Uvavanyo lwemfuzo luyacetyiswa kwabo banemiba ethile yomngcipheko.
Amanyathelo othintelo:
Ziphephe iiyure zelanga eziphezulu (10 am ukuya ku-2pm) kwaye ufune umthunzi.
Sebenzisa isikhuseli elangeni esine-spectrum esibanzi, esingangeni manzi esine-SPF 30 ubuncinane.
Yamkela iimpahla ezikhusela ilanga unyaka wonke ukwenzela ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
Ukuqonda ukuntsonkotha komhlaza wolusu, kuqukwa ne-paradox ye-sunscreen, kubalulekile kuthintelo olusebenzayo. Ngokuphelisa iingcamango eziphosakeleyo, ukwandisa ulwazi, kunye nokwamkela amanyathelo abanzi okhuseleko lwelanga, abantu ngabanye banokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wabo kwaye babe negalelo kumlo ochasene nesi sifo sinokuthintelwa.
范文
Nov. 28, 2023 -- 'I-paradox ye-sunscreen' ibabhidanisile oogqirha bamva nje: Njengoko besanda abantu besebenzisa i-sunscreen, amazinga e-melanoma kunye neminye imihlaza yolusu ayenyuka.
Ubalo-manani kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu luyaxhalabisa:
Iimeko ezihlaselayo zemelanoma ezifunyaniswa ngonyaka zonyuke ngama-27% kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo.
Umlinganiselo we-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) unyukile kuwo onke amaqela eminyaka kweli lizwe ngesantya esiphantse sibe yi-10% ngonyaka, ngokutsho kweThala leeNcwadi leSizwe leMithi.
I-Yale Medicine ibika ukuba i-squamous cell carcinoma (i-SCC) inyuke yaya kutsho kwi-1 yezigidi zeemeko ezifunyanwe e-US ngonyaka.
Nkqu neemeko zeMerkel cell carcinoma, umhlaza wolusu onqabileyo, ondlongondlongo obangele ukusweleka kwamva nje kwemvumi uJimmy Buffet, kuqikelelwa ukuba uza kutsibela ngaphezulu kweemeko ezingama-3,200 ngonyaka kule minyaka mi-2 izayo.
Kutheni kusenzeka oku? Uphononongo olutsha oluvela kwiDyunivesithi yaseMcGill eMontreal kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayisombulula enye imfihlakalo: Abantu abaninzi banokucinga ukuba i-sunscreen ibanika inkululeko yokutshisa okanye ukuhlala elangeni ixesha elide njengoko befuna.
Uphuhla Njani Umhlaza Wolusu
Umhlaza wolusu uchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 baseMelika minyaka le. Funda ukuba ukhula njani umhlaza wolusu kunye neendlela zamva nje zokuxilonga kunye nonyango olukhoyo.
'Izigulana zindixelele ukuba zicinga ukuba kukhuselekile ukutshisa ukuba zinxibe i-sunscreen,' utshilo uJames Ralston, MD, umongameli weZiko leDermatology laseMcKinney eMcKinney, TX. 'Inyani yeyokuba akukho ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokutshisa. Ngalo lonke ixesha usiba mnyama, ulonakalisa ulusu lwakho. Njengoko lo monakalo usanda, ukhawulezisa ukuguga kolusu lwakho kwaye wandise umngcipheko wakho kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu.'
Ngaphezu koko, ungayandisa ingozi yomhlaza wolusu ungazi ngokwenza ezinye izinto. Inyaniso kukuba ulwazi lunokuthintela iimeko ezininzi zesi sifo. 'Umhlaza wolusu ungowona uxhaphakileyo kwaye ungowona mhlaza uthintelwayo eUnited States,' utshilo uShanthi Sivendran MD, usekela mongameli omkhulu wenkxaso yokhathalelo lomhlaza kwiAmerican Cancer Society.
Zeziphi iimpawu zoMhlaza wolusu?
Ngokutsho kwe-MD Anderson Cancer Centre, iimpawu zesi sifo ziquka:
Indawo esanda kuvela eluswini lwakho
Indawo esele ikhona etshintsha umbala, imilo, okanye ubukhulu
Indawo erhawuzelayo okanye ebuhlungu
Isilonda esingapholiyo okanye esirhabaxa
Iqhuma elibenyezelayo elikhangeleka libomvu okanye ngumbala wolusu lwakho
Inxalenye erhabaxa, enexolo lolusu
Isilonda esinomda ophakanyisiweyo, siqwenga embindini, okanye siyopha
Ukukhula okukhangeleka njengentsumpa
Ukukhula okukhangeleka ngathi siva kwaye kunomda ongachazwanga
Ngubani oseMngciphekweni woMhlaza wolusu?
'I-melanoma inokubetha nabani na,' utshilo uRalston.
Umntu onama-moles angaphezu kwama-50, i-moles enkulu, okanye i-atypical moles inomngcipheko okhulayo, watsho. Kwakhona, usemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba unesihlobo sakho segazi esikhe sanemelanoma, sinotyekelo lokutshiswa lilanga ngokulula, sineenwele ezibomvu okanye eziblond, okanye amehlo aluhlaza okanye aluhlaza, okanye unembali yokuba sesichengeni selanga ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukushiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi. Ukwasemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba unesifo somhlaza wolusu wangaphambili okanye imbali yezinye iicancer ezinjengomhlaza webele okanye wethyroid, utshilo uRalston.
Xa kuziwa kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu, 'abantu abafunyenwe bene-basal cell carcinoma okanye i-squamous cell carcinoma banomngcipheko owongeziweyo wokuba nomhlaza wolusu kwixesha elizayo, kubandakanya ne-melanoma,' utshilo.
Makhe sijonge ezinye iindlela ezintlanu onokuthi wongeze umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu ngaphandle kokuqaphela - kunye nendlela yokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuwuthintela.
Awusebenzisi I-Sunscreen eyaneleyo
'Abantu abafane basebenzise i-sunscreen eninzi njengoko befanele,' utsho uVivian Bucay, MD, ugqirha wesikhumba osebenza eSan Antonio, TX, kunye nesithethi seSkin Cancer Foundation. 'Ukufezekisa ixabiso le-SPF, kufuneka usebenzise amacephe ama-2 -- ngokulingana malunga neglasi yokudutyulwa egcwele - ye-sunscreen emzimbeni wakho wonke, kunye nedolophu elingana ne-nickel ebusweni bakho,' watsho.
Gquma iindawo ezihlala uziphosakele njengendawo yamehlo akho, umphezulu kunye nasemva kweendlebe zakho, izandla zakho, kunye nomva wentamo yakho. Musa ukulibala malunga nemilebe yakho, nokuba.
'Ndixelela abaguli ukuba baphathe imveliso yomlomo nge-SPF ukuze baphinde bafake isicelo emva kokutya,' utshilo uBucay. 'Faka isicelo kwakhona rhoqo kwiiyure ezi-2, okanye ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqubha, ukubila, okanye ukukhupha itawuli.'
Awusebenzisi i-sunscreen unyaka wonke
Abantu abaninzi banxiba i-sunscreen kuphela ngexesha elifudumeleyo. 'Ndikhe ndeva izigulane zisithi azizange zifake i-sunscreen kuba yayiyimini yamafu okanye ikhephu,' kusho uRalston. 'Okunye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kudlula emafini, kwaye amafu anciphisa ukufudumala. Ngaphandle kwaloo mvakalelo isilumkiso yokufudumala, abantu basengozini enkulu yokutshatyalaliswa ngokugqithisileyo kukukhanya kwe-UV, ngakumbi i-UVA, engachatshazelwanga yi-cloud cover.
Ukuba uyayonwabela imidlalo yasebusika, nawe usemngciphekweni. 'Ikhephu libonakalisa i-80% yemitha yelanga, ngoko yenza kube lula ukutshiswa lilanga,' ucacisa kanje uRalston.
Awusinxibi I-sunscreen ngaphakathi
'Kukho iindlela ezingalindelekanga apho umntu anokufumana ukukhanya kwelanga engakhange aqonde,' utshilo uSivendran. 'Ngokomzekelo, imitha yelanga ingena ngeefestile, ngoko ukuhlala kufuphi nefestile ixesha elide kunokunyusa ingozi yomhlaza wolusu. Kubalulekile ukunxiba i-sunscreen ngaphakathi ukuze unciphise oku.'
Ukuba ungaphakathi emotweni okanye uhamba kwisihlalo sefestile ngenqwelomoya, ibhasi, okanye uloliwe, lo mgaqo ukwasebenza.
'Iglasi yefestile eqhelekileyo ivala ukuhanjiswa kwe-UVB kodwa hayi i-UVA,' utshilo uRalston. 'Iifestile zemoto zivala i-UVA ethile, ngakumbi ukuba iifestile zifakwe titi. Nangona kunjalo, iihambo ezimfutshane emotweni zongeza kwiminyaka kwaye zibangele umonakalo omkhulu welanga.
UyiNdoda
Uphononongo lwesibini olutsha lweYunivesithi yaseMcGill lufumanise ukuba amadoda athandabuza kakhulu ukuba luncedo kwe-sunscreen kwaye mancinci amathuba okuba ahlolwe iimoles ezintsha kunabasetyhini.
Amadoda nawo abonakele ngakumbi kwimitha ye-UV ngokuzonwabisa kunye nomsebenzi wangaphandle. Umsebenzi wangaphandle yeyona nto ibalulekileyo: Uphando olutsha lweWorld Health Organization lufumanise ukuba abantu abasebenza elangeni bamele umntu om-1 kwaba-3 ababhubhileyo ngenxa yomhlaza wolusu ongenamelanoma. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba amadoda kufuneka akhuthale xa kufike ekukhuselweni kwelanga imihla ngemihla.
Awuyazi Imbali yosapho lwakho
Kubalulekile ukubuza malunga nembali yempilo yezalamane zakho zomhlaza wolusu, njengoko olu lwazi lunokunceda ukukhusela wena kunye namanye amalungu entsapho yakho. Iziko leSizwe loMhlaza libika ukuba i-5% ukuya kwi-10% yazo zonke iimelanomas zenzeka kwiintsapho ezinamalungu amaninzi afunyenwe umhlaza wolusu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko we-melanoma unokufunyanwa njengelifa, kwaye i-Melanoma Research Alliance ichonge utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza olunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.
I-American Academy of Dermatology ithi unokuxhamla kuvavanyo lwemfuzo ye-melanoma ukuba:
Une-melanomas ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu eziye zasasazeka okanye zakhula nzulu eluswini lwakho, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-45.
Ukuba izizalwane zegazi ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu kwelinye icala losapho lwakho zinemelanoma okanye umhlaza wepancreas.
Ukuba unee-moles ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezibizwa ngokuba yiSpitz nevi.
Ukuba ukhe waba ne-Spitz nevi enye okanye ngaphezulu kwaye esinye isizalwane sakho segazi esisondeleyo siye saba ne-mesothelioma, i-meningioma, okanye i-melanoma yamehlo.
ENXULUMENEYO:
Umhlaza 'Unyango' olungasebenziyo
Ungawukhusela njani uMhlaza wolusu yonke imihla?
'Ukunqanda imitha yelanga eyingozi kwiiyure zamandla aphezulu - phakathi kwe-10 am kunye ne-2pm - kwaye ukufuna umthunzi kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho,' utshilo uSivendran. 'Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi, ekwaziyo ukumelana namanzi kunye ne-SPF engama-30 ubuncinane. Kukwakho nesitayile, esikhaphukhaphu, nempahla ekhusela ilanga onokuyinxiba unyaka wonke.'
Yenza ezi ntshukumo zibe ngumkhwa, kwaye uyakuhlala lula ukhuselekile elangeni.
