Umfutho wegazi ophezulu yisifo esivamile esingamahlalakhona. Uma ingalawuleki isikhathi eside, ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezithweni ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo, ubuchopho nezinso. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda nokuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi esifanele.
I. Incazelo kanye Nezingozi Zomfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
I-Hypertension ibhekisela esimweni lapho umfutho wegazi we-systolic ne-diastolic ukhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokwezinga lokuxilonga lase-China, abantu abadala abanomfutho wegazi we-systolic ≥140 mmHg noma umfutho wegazi we-diastolic ≥90 mmHg bangatholakala bene-hypertension. Uma umfutho we-systolic uphakathi kuka-140-159 mmHg noma umfutho we-diastolic uphakathi kuka-90-99 mmHg, uhlukaniswa njengesigaba sokuqala somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Uma umfutho we-systolic uphakathi kuka-160-179 mmHg noma umfutho we-diastolic uphakathi kuka-100-109 mmHg, uhlukaniswa njengesigaba sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Uma ingcindezi ye-systolic ingu-≥180 mmHg noma i-diastolic pressure ingu-≥110 mmHg, ihlukaniswa njengesigaba sesi-3 somfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesikhathi eside ungalimaza kakhulu izitho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo, ubuchopho nezinso, futhi ubangele ngisho nezimo ezibulalayo njengesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso. Ngakho-ke, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ubizwa ngokuthi 'umbulali othule' futhi ubeka usongo olukhulu empilweni.
II. Izinkinga ze-Hypertension
Kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezingathonya umfutho wegazi. Izimbangela ezinkulu ze-hypertension zihlanganisa:
1. Indlela yokuphila engenampilo
Ukudla kakhulu amafutha ezilwane, amaprotheni, ukukhuluphala kanye nokungawuvivinyi umzimba, ukubhema isikhathi eside nokuphuza utshwala, konke kuyizindlela zokuziphatha ezilimazayo ezingabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
2. Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo ngokweqile
Izingcindezi ezehlukene ezivela emsebenzini nempilo zingase zivuse uzwelo, zikhuphule ukuphuma kwenhliziyo futhi ziholele ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi.
3. Ukudla kakhulu i-sodium
Ukudla ukudla okune-sodium eningi kwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-sodium egazini, okuholela ekugcineni uketshezi emithanjeni yegazi kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
4. Izici zofuzo
Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-hypertension banamathuba amaningi okuba nalesi simo.
5. Ukuguga
Njengoba abantu bekhula, ukunwebeka kwemithambo kanye nokusebenza kwehla kancane kancane, okwandisa ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
III. Izimpawu Ze-Hypertension
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu omaphakathi kuya komaphakathi ngokuvamile awunazo izimpawu ezisobala ezigabeni zawo zokuqala futhi ungatholwa kuphela ngesilinganiso. Lapho umfutho wegazi uqhubeka ukhuphuka, izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, i-tinnitus nokuqwasha kungenzeka. Ezinye iziguli zingase futhi zithole ukungaboni kahle kanye ne-epistaxis.
IV. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Hypertension
6. Ukwelashwa kwemithi
(1) Izivimbeli zesiteshi se-calcium: Lezi zinganweba imithambo yegazi futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, njenge-nitrendipine, i-amlodipine, njll. Imiphumela engase ibe khona efana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi kanye ne-ankle edema kufanele ibhekwe.
(2) Ama-ACE inhibitors: Avimbela ukuguqulwa kwe-angiotensin I ibe i-angiotensin II ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Izibonelo zifaka i-enalapril, i-lisinopril, njll. Ukusebenza kwezinso kufanele kuqashelwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
(3) Ama-Beta blockers: Avimba ukushukunyiswa kozwela kwenhliziyo ukuze kwehle izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphuma kwenhliziyo. Izibonelo zifaka i-propranolol, i-atenolol, njll.
(4) Eminye imishanguzo enciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Njengemithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, i-central acting agents, njll. Odokotela bazonikeza imithi efanele ngokwesimo sesiguli ngasinye.
7. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila
(1) Ukudla okunosawoti omningi nokudla okunamafutha amancane: Yehlisa ukudla amafutha, i-cholesterol nesodium.
(2) Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo: Okufana nokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, ukubhukuda, njll. Izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesonto, imizuzu engu-30-60 isikhathi ngasinye.
(3) Gcina isisindo esivamile.
(4) Ukuyeka ukubhema notshwala.
(5) Ukuqeqeshwa kokukhululeka: Okufana nokuzindla, ukulalela umculo, i-yoga, njll., ukusiza ukulawula ukucindezeleka.
V. Ukuvimbela Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
Isihluthulelo sokuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophezulu silele endleleni yokuphila enempilo kanye nemikhuba yokudla efanele.
8. Gcina isisindo somzimba esivamile futhi ugweme ukukhuluphala.
9. Nciphisa ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
10. Ukudla okunosawoti omncane kanye nokudla okunamafutha amancane, yidla izithelo nemifino emisha.
11. Zibandakanye ekuzilolongeni okujwayelekile njengokuhamba ngamandla, ukugijima, ukubhukuda.
12. Lawula ingcindezi yomsebenzi futhi ugcine isimo sengqondo esihle.
13. Hlola umfutho wegazi njalo. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kutholakala okungavamile.
VI. Ukubaluleka Kokuqapha Umfutho Wegazi Okuvamile
Njengoba i-hypertension ivame ukungabi nazimpawu ezibalulekile ezigabeni zayo zokuqala, iziguli eziningi aziqapheli ukuthi zinayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu.
Abantu abadala kufanele bahlolwe umfutho wegazi kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6. Uma ukungavamile kubonakala, ukwelashwa okuhle kanye nezinguquko zokuphila kufanele kuqalwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela, ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezeleka kwegazi ngaphansi kokulawula nokuvimbela izinkinga.
I-Hypertension yisifo esingamahlalakhona esingagwemeka futhi eselaphekayo. Ngokuqwashisa okufanele, ukuvimbela okusebenzayo, kanye nokwelashwa kwesayensi, kungalawuleka ngempumelelo ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela elimazayo futhi kunikwe amandla impilo enempilo.
